福建寿宁野生茶树种质资源叶片和花粉微形态观察
|
摘要
【目的】观察福建寿宁野生茶树种质资源叶片和花粉的微形态,为茶树野生种质资源发掘、鉴定提供参考依据。【方法】以福鼎大白茶为对照,利用冷场发射扫描电镜对4份福建寿宁野生茶树种质资源叶片和花粉微形态特征进行观察,对茶树叶片气孔、茸毛和花粉极轴长、赤道轴长等进行数据统计及分析。【结果】4份野生茶树种质的叶片叶上表皮纹饰有平展型、皱脊型、波浪型3种;叶片下表皮气孔皆为长卵形,具异性气孔(腺鳞)且气孔密度相对栽培种较小;茸毛长度为(280.75±107.65)～(616.95±132.52)μm,且不同种长度差异明显,茸毛纹饰皆为平滑型;不同于栽培种,野生茶树种质资源叶片茸毛表层均有脱落现象。4份野生茶树花粉均具三孔沟,属N3P4C5类型,其花粉大小在(427.69±153.94)～(1205.07±237.80)μm~2,皆小于福鼎大白茶。花粉极面观有近圆形和三裂近三角形2种,赤道面观各不相同,花粉形状有超长球形和近球形2种,花粉纹饰均为疣状。【结论】4份野生茶树和福鼎大白茶的叶片和花粉微形态特征有一定的共性和特异性。
【Objective】 Foliar and pollen micromorphology of wild tea germplasms from Shouning,Fujian was examined and recorded for references on the natural resource. 【Method】 Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) was used to observe the micro-structures of the leaves and pollens of 4 tea germplasms collected from Shouning. Twelve morphological characteristics on the leaves and 10 on the pollens were obtained for analysis. 【Result】The leaf-surface stomates of these plants were oval in shape with glandular scales less densely scattered than the cultivated cultivars. The trichome lengths ranged between(280.75±107.65) μm and(616.95±132.52) μm with significant differences among the germplasms. The surface of trichome was smooth. The adaxial epidermal wax ornamentation was either flat,wrinkled or wavy in appearance. The pollens were all tricolporate of the N3 P4 C5 type with a size in between(427.69±153.94) μm~2 and(1205.07±237.80) μm~2,which was smaller than those of Fudingdabaicha tea. They had two kinds of polar view,suborbicular and trifid subtriangular; their equatorial views differed; their shapes,ellipsoid or subsphaeroidal; and,their ornamentations,verrucate. As compared to Fudingdabaicha,the 4 wild germplasms had certain distinct foliar and pollen micromorphological characteristics,which could serve for the differentiation of the species.
【Objective】 Foliar and pollen micromorphology of wild tea germplasms from Shouning,Fujian was examined and recorded for references on the natural resource. 【Method】 Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) was used to observe the micro-structures of the leaves and pollens of 4 tea germplasms collected from Shouning. Twelve morphological characteristics on the leaves and 10 on the pollens were obtained for analysis. 【Result】The leaf-surface stomates of these plants were oval in shape with glandular scales less densely scattered than the cultivated cultivars. The trichome lengths ranged between(280.75±107.65) μm and(616.95±132.52) μm with significant differences among the germplasms. The surface of trichome was smooth. The adaxial epidermal wax ornamentation was either flat,wrinkled or wavy in appearance. The pollens were all tricolporate of the N3 P4 C5 type with a size in between(427.69±153.94) μm~2 and(1205.07±237.80) μm~2,which was smaller than those of Fudingdabaicha tea. They had two kinds of polar view,suborbicular and trifid subtriangular; their equatorial views differed; their shapes,ellipsoid or subsphaeroidal; and,their ornamentations,verrucate. As compared to Fudingdabaicha,the 4 wild germplasms had certain distinct foliar and pollen micromorphological characteristics,which could serve for the differentiation of the species.
引文
[1]王平盛,虞富莲.中国野生大茶树的地理分布、多样性及其利用价值[J].茶叶科学,2002,22(2):105-108.WANG P S,YU F L.The Geographic Distribution,Diversity and Utilization of Wild Tea Camellias in China[J].Journal of Tea Science,2002,22(2):105-108.(in Chinese)
[2]汪劲武.两个姐妹科——茶科和猕猴桃科[J].生命世界,1985(5):33-35.WANG J W.Two sister families—Theaceae and Actinidiaceae Gilg & Werderm[J].Life World,1985(5):33-35.(in Chinese)
[3]郭元超,姚信恩,肖丽平,等.仙墩山野生茶树考查报告[J].茶叶科学简报,1984(1):6-11.GUO Y C,YAO X E,XIAO L P,et al.Investigation report of wild tea trees in Xiandun Mountain[J].Tea Science Briefing,1984(1):6-11.(in Chinese)
[4]郭元超,叶乃兴,肖丽平.太姥山野生茶树考查报告[J].茶叶科学简报,1985(1):8-10.GUO Y C,YE N X,XIAO L P.Taicha Mountain Wild Tea Tree Examination[J].ReportTea Science Briefing,1984(1):6-11.(in Chinese)
[5]周玉璠,吴洪新,阮克錞,等.宁德市陆续发现茶的野生资源[J].福建茶叶,1994(3):8-10.ZHOU Y P,WU H X,RUAN K C,et al.Ningde City successively discovered the wild resources of tea[J].Tea In Fujian,1994(3):8-10.(in Chinese)
[6]杨如兴,陈芝芝,张磊,等.福建野生茶树种质资源保护与利用[J].茶叶学报,2017,58(3):96-101.YANG R X,CHEN Z Z,ZHANG L,et al.Conservation and Utilization of Wild Tea Germplasm in Fujian[J].Acta Tea Sinica,2017,58(3):96-101.(in Chinese)
[7]SOSNOVSKY Y,NACHYCHKO V,PROKOPIV A,et al.Leaf architecture in Rhododendron subsection Rhododendron (Ericaceae) from the Alps and Carpathian Mountains:Taxonomic and evolutionary implications[J].Flora,2017,230:26-38.
[8]FIRETTI LEGGIERI F,LOHMANN L G,SEMIR J,et al.Using leaf anatomy to solve taxonomic problems within the Anemopaegma arvense species complex (Bignonieae,Bignoniaceae)[J].Nordic Journal of Botany,2015,32(5):620-631.
[9]汤雨岛,廖晨阳,周波.常绿杜鹃亚属麻花杜鹃亚组11种3变种植物叶片微形态特征及其分类学意义[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(8):1600-1607.TANG Y D,LIAO C Y,ZHOU B.Leaf Micromorphological Characteristics and Taxonomic Significance of 11 Species,3 Varieties in Subsect.Maculifera,Subgen.Hymenanthes(Ericaceae)[J].Acta BotanicaBoreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(8):1600-1607.(in Chinese)
[10]陈常颂,彭艾,钟秋生,等.34份茶树种质的花粉形态特征研究[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(11):1219-1226.CHEN C S,PENG A,ZHONG Q S,et al.Morphological Studies on Pollen of Camellias for 34 Species (Camellia Sinensis)[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,27(11):1219-1226.(in Chinese)
[11]SUR G L,KEATING R,SNOW N,et al.Leaf Micromorphology Aids Taxonomic Delineation within the Hypervariable Genus Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) on O'ahu[J].Pacific Science,2018,72(3):345-362.
[12]FORTINI P,ANTONECCHIA G,MARZIO P D,et al.Role of micromorphological leaf traits and molecular data in taxonomy of three sympatric white oak species and their hybrids (Quercus L.)[J].Giornale Botanico Italiano,2013,149(3):546-558.
[13]胡蕙露,杨景华,陈慧,等.若干科观赏植物花粉形态电镜观察与比较[J].安徽农业大学学报,2001(3):320-325.HU H L,YANG J H,CHEN H,et al.The SEM Investigation on Structure and Shape of Ornamental Plant's Pollen in Several Families[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2001(3):320-325.(in Chinese)
[14]FURNESS C A,GREGORY T,RUDALL P J.Pollen Structure and Diversity in Liliales[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,176(8):000-000.
[15]张永芳,胡超琼,杨勇,等.柿属8种植物花粉形态观察[J].园艺学报,2016(6):1167-1174.ZHANG Y F,HU C Y,YANG Y,et al.Pollen Morphology Observation of Eight Resources in Diospyros[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2016(6):1167-1174.(in Chinese)
[16]杨国一,于文涛,蔡春平,等.茶树叶片扫描电镜样品制备方法的比较研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):95-98.YANG G Y,YU W T,CAI C P,et al.Comparative Study on Preparation Methods of Scanning Electron Microscope Samples of Tea Leaves[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(3):95-98.(in Chinese)
[17]侯燕鸣,胡剑江,方蔷,等.扫描电镜的不同含水量植物叶片样品的处理及观察方法研究[J].分析仪器,2011(5):45-48.HOU Y M,HU J J,FANG Q,et al.Study on sample treatment methods of plant leaves with different water contents for SEM[J].Analytical Instrumentation,2011(5):45-48.(in Chinese)
[18]戴志聪,杜道林,司春灿,等.用扫描仪及Image J软件精确测量叶片形态数量特征的方法[J].广西植物,2009,29(3):342-347.DAI Z C,DU D L,SI C C,et al,A method to exactly measure the morphological quantity of leaf using Scanner and Image J Software[J].Guihaia,2009,29(3):342-347.(in Chinese)
[19]谢微微,于文涛,杨国一,等.14个茶树品种的花粉微形态观察[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(9):1698-1704.XIE W W,YU W T,YANG G Y,Micromorphological observation on pollen of 14 cultivars of tea tree (Camellia sinensis)[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2018,49(9):1698-1704.(in Chinese)
[20]尹鹏,刘威,王广铭,等.茶树芽叶茸毛及茶毫研究进展[J].河南农业,2016(27):44-46.YIN P,LIU W,WANG G M,et al,Advances in research on tea tree bud leaf trichomes and teapubescence[J].Agriculture of Henan,2016(27):44-46.(in Chinese)
[21]王开发,王宪曾.孢粉学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1983.WANG K F,WANG X Z.Introduction to Playnology[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,1983.(in chinese)
[22]王伏雄.中国植物花粉形态(第2版)[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.WANG F X.Pollen Flora of China (Second Edition)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.(in chinese)
[23]束际林.云南茶树种质资源花粉形态的研究[J].中国茶叶,1990(4):12-13.SHU J L.Study on Pollen Morphology of Yunnan Tea Tree Germplasm Resources[J].China Tea,1990(4):12-13.(in Chinese)
[24]肖寒,白洁.常绿杜鹃亚属云锦杜鹃亚组26种植物叶片微形态特征及其分类学意义[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2013,50(2).XIAO H,BAI J.Leaf micromorphological characteristics and taxonomic significance of twenty-six species of Subsect.Fortunea,subgen.Hymenanthe (Ericaceae)[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Natural Science Edition),2013,50(2).(in Chinese)
[25]郭元超.茶树茸毛的形态特征与演化特点[J].茶叶科学简报,1993(3):1-4.GUO Y C.Morphological characteristics and evolution characteristics of tea tree trichomes[J].ReportTea Science Briefing,1993(3):1-4.(in Chinese)
[26]杨国一,于文涛,郑晶,等.乌龙茶种质叶片微形态特征的扫描电镜观察[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(10):2020-2027.YANG G Y,YU W T,ZHENG J,et al,Scanning electron microscopy observation on foliar micromorphology of Oolong tea germplasms[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2018,49(10):2020-2027.(in Chinese)
[27]邱勇娟,李火坤,陈佳,等.扶绥野生茶树叶片结构与生产性状分析[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(2):286-292.QIU Y J,LI H K,CHEN J,et al,Leaf structure and production trait of wild tea(Camellia sinensis) from Fusui county[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2015,46(2):286-292.(in Chinese)
[28]袁弟顺,叶乃兴,刘金英,等.白茶品种茸毛的生化特性[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2010,39(4):356-360.YUAN D S,YE N X,LIU J Y,et al,Biochemical characteristics of white tea pubescence[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2010,39(4):356-360.(in Chinese)
[29]孙崇波,向林,施季森,等.兰科5属常见栽培品种花粉块形态的扫描电镜观察[J].园艺学报,2010,37(12):1969-1974.SUN C B,XIANG L,SHI J S,et al,Scanning Electron Microscope Observation on Pollinium Morphology of Five Most Common Cultivated Orchid Genera (Orchidaceae)[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2010,37(12):1969-1974.(in Chinese)
[30]Al-HAKIMI A S,FARIDAH Q Z,ABKULWAHAB A S,et al.Pollen and seed morphology of,Barleria,L.(Barlerieae:Ruellioideae:Acanthaceae) of Yemen[J].South African Journal of Botany,2018,116:185-191.
[2]汪劲武.两个姐妹科——茶科和猕猴桃科[J].生命世界,1985(5):33-35.WANG J W.Two sister families—Theaceae and Actinidiaceae Gilg & Werderm[J].Life World,1985(5):33-35.(in Chinese)
[3]郭元超,姚信恩,肖丽平,等.仙墩山野生茶树考查报告[J].茶叶科学简报,1984(1):6-11.GUO Y C,YAO X E,XIAO L P,et al.Investigation report of wild tea trees in Xiandun Mountain[J].Tea Science Briefing,1984(1):6-11.(in Chinese)
[4]郭元超,叶乃兴,肖丽平.太姥山野生茶树考查报告[J].茶叶科学简报,1985(1):8-10.GUO Y C,YE N X,XIAO L P.Taicha Mountain Wild Tea Tree Examination[J].ReportTea Science Briefing,1984(1):6-11.(in Chinese)
[5]周玉璠,吴洪新,阮克錞,等.宁德市陆续发现茶的野生资源[J].福建茶叶,1994(3):8-10.ZHOU Y P,WU H X,RUAN K C,et al.Ningde City successively discovered the wild resources of tea[J].Tea In Fujian,1994(3):8-10.(in Chinese)
[6]杨如兴,陈芝芝,张磊,等.福建野生茶树种质资源保护与利用[J].茶叶学报,2017,58(3):96-101.YANG R X,CHEN Z Z,ZHANG L,et al.Conservation and Utilization of Wild Tea Germplasm in Fujian[J].Acta Tea Sinica,2017,58(3):96-101.(in Chinese)
[7]SOSNOVSKY Y,NACHYCHKO V,PROKOPIV A,et al.Leaf architecture in Rhododendron subsection Rhododendron (Ericaceae) from the Alps and Carpathian Mountains:Taxonomic and evolutionary implications[J].Flora,2017,230:26-38.
[8]FIRETTI LEGGIERI F,LOHMANN L G,SEMIR J,et al.Using leaf anatomy to solve taxonomic problems within the Anemopaegma arvense species complex (Bignonieae,Bignoniaceae)[J].Nordic Journal of Botany,2015,32(5):620-631.
[9]汤雨岛,廖晨阳,周波.常绿杜鹃亚属麻花杜鹃亚组11种3变种植物叶片微形态特征及其分类学意义[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(8):1600-1607.TANG Y D,LIAO C Y,ZHOU B.Leaf Micromorphological Characteristics and Taxonomic Significance of 11 Species,3 Varieties in Subsect.Maculifera,Subgen.Hymenanthes(Ericaceae)[J].Acta BotanicaBoreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(8):1600-1607.(in Chinese)
[10]陈常颂,彭艾,钟秋生,等.34份茶树种质的花粉形态特征研究[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(11):1219-1226.CHEN C S,PENG A,ZHONG Q S,et al.Morphological Studies on Pollen of Camellias for 34 Species (Camellia Sinensis)[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,27(11):1219-1226.(in Chinese)
[11]SUR G L,KEATING R,SNOW N,et al.Leaf Micromorphology Aids Taxonomic Delineation within the Hypervariable Genus Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) on O'ahu[J].Pacific Science,2018,72(3):345-362.
[12]FORTINI P,ANTONECCHIA G,MARZIO P D,et al.Role of micromorphological leaf traits and molecular data in taxonomy of three sympatric white oak species and their hybrids (Quercus L.)[J].Giornale Botanico Italiano,2013,149(3):546-558.
[13]胡蕙露,杨景华,陈慧,等.若干科观赏植物花粉形态电镜观察与比较[J].安徽农业大学学报,2001(3):320-325.HU H L,YANG J H,CHEN H,et al.The SEM Investigation on Structure and Shape of Ornamental Plant's Pollen in Several Families[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2001(3):320-325.(in Chinese)
[14]FURNESS C A,GREGORY T,RUDALL P J.Pollen Structure and Diversity in Liliales[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,2015,176(8):000-000.
[15]张永芳,胡超琼,杨勇,等.柿属8种植物花粉形态观察[J].园艺学报,2016(6):1167-1174.ZHANG Y F,HU C Y,YANG Y,et al.Pollen Morphology Observation of Eight Resources in Diospyros[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2016(6):1167-1174.(in Chinese)
[16]杨国一,于文涛,蔡春平,等.茶树叶片扫描电镜样品制备方法的比较研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):95-98.YANG G Y,YU W T,CAI C P,et al.Comparative Study on Preparation Methods of Scanning Electron Microscope Samples of Tea Leaves[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(3):95-98.(in Chinese)
[17]侯燕鸣,胡剑江,方蔷,等.扫描电镜的不同含水量植物叶片样品的处理及观察方法研究[J].分析仪器,2011(5):45-48.HOU Y M,HU J J,FANG Q,et al.Study on sample treatment methods of plant leaves with different water contents for SEM[J].Analytical Instrumentation,2011(5):45-48.(in Chinese)
[18]戴志聪,杜道林,司春灿,等.用扫描仪及Image J软件精确测量叶片形态数量特征的方法[J].广西植物,2009,29(3):342-347.DAI Z C,DU D L,SI C C,et al,A method to exactly measure the morphological quantity of leaf using Scanner and Image J Software[J].Guihaia,2009,29(3):342-347.(in Chinese)
[19]谢微微,于文涛,杨国一,等.14个茶树品种的花粉微形态观察[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(9):1698-1704.XIE W W,YU W T,YANG G Y,Micromorphological observation on pollen of 14 cultivars of tea tree (Camellia sinensis)[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2018,49(9):1698-1704.(in Chinese)
[20]尹鹏,刘威,王广铭,等.茶树芽叶茸毛及茶毫研究进展[J].河南农业,2016(27):44-46.YIN P,LIU W,WANG G M,et al,Advances in research on tea tree bud leaf trichomes and teapubescence[J].Agriculture of Henan,2016(27):44-46.(in Chinese)
[21]王开发,王宪曾.孢粉学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1983.WANG K F,WANG X Z.Introduction to Playnology[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,1983.(in chinese)
[22]王伏雄.中国植物花粉形态(第2版)[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.WANG F X.Pollen Flora of China (Second Edition)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.(in chinese)
[23]束际林.云南茶树种质资源花粉形态的研究[J].中国茶叶,1990(4):12-13.SHU J L.Study on Pollen Morphology of Yunnan Tea Tree Germplasm Resources[J].China Tea,1990(4):12-13.(in Chinese)
[24]肖寒,白洁.常绿杜鹃亚属云锦杜鹃亚组26种植物叶片微形态特征及其分类学意义[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2013,50(2).XIAO H,BAI J.Leaf micromorphological characteristics and taxonomic significance of twenty-six species of Subsect.Fortunea,subgen.Hymenanthe (Ericaceae)[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Natural Science Edition),2013,50(2).(in Chinese)
[25]郭元超.茶树茸毛的形态特征与演化特点[J].茶叶科学简报,1993(3):1-4.GUO Y C.Morphological characteristics and evolution characteristics of tea tree trichomes[J].ReportTea Science Briefing,1993(3):1-4.(in Chinese)
[26]杨国一,于文涛,郑晶,等.乌龙茶种质叶片微形态特征的扫描电镜观察[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(10):2020-2027.YANG G Y,YU W T,ZHENG J,et al,Scanning electron microscopy observation on foliar micromorphology of Oolong tea germplasms[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2018,49(10):2020-2027.(in Chinese)
[27]邱勇娟,李火坤,陈佳,等.扶绥野生茶树叶片结构与生产性状分析[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(2):286-292.QIU Y J,LI H K,CHEN J,et al,Leaf structure and production trait of wild tea(Camellia sinensis) from Fusui county[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2015,46(2):286-292.(in Chinese)
[28]袁弟顺,叶乃兴,刘金英,等.白茶品种茸毛的生化特性[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2010,39(4):356-360.YUAN D S,YE N X,LIU J Y,et al,Biochemical characteristics of white tea pubescence[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2010,39(4):356-360.(in Chinese)
[29]孙崇波,向林,施季森,等.兰科5属常见栽培品种花粉块形态的扫描电镜观察[J].园艺学报,2010,37(12):1969-1974.SUN C B,XIANG L,SHI J S,et al,Scanning Electron Microscope Observation on Pollinium Morphology of Five Most Common Cultivated Orchid Genera (Orchidaceae)[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2010,37(12):1969-1974.(in Chinese)
[30]Al-HAKIMI A S,FARIDAH Q Z,ABKULWAHAB A S,et al.Pollen and seed morphology of,Barleria,L.(Barlerieae:Ruellioideae:Acanthaceae) of Yemen[J].South African Journal of Botany,2018,116:185-191.