基于核磁共振实验的低渗透砂岩岩电参数分类及应用——以东营凹陷南坡沙四段为例
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摘要
低渗透砂岩储层孔隙结构复杂,储层有效性识别及饱和度准确计算难度较大.笔者以东营凹陷南坡沙四段(Es4)低渗透砂岩为研究对象,根据压汞、物性、薄片及核磁等资料,将研究区孔隙结构分为三大类、五小类.在岩样孔隙结构分类基础上,明确了孔隙结构类型与岩电参数之间存在确定的关系,而核磁共振T2谱定量特征参数在一定程度上能够表征孔隙结构类型及其细节信息,通过提取T2谱中T2几何平均值(T2g)、T2均值(珚T2)、峰度(KG)、可动流体分量(Smf)及区间孔隙分量等孔隙结构参数,建立了基于核磁T2谱特征参数的孔隙结构识别图版,显示核磁T2谱孔隙结构参数对不同类型的储层有较好的识别效果,进而探讨核磁孔隙结构参数和岩电参数之间的关系,结果表明,T2谱峰度值与孔隙胶结指数(m)值相关性较高,进一步确定了岩电参数m的核磁计算公式.最终,将该套方法应用于研究区井筒剖面中,有效地提高了饱和度计算精度,也为东营凹陷南坡低渗透砂岩油藏储量估算与高效开发提供了依据.
Comlpex pore structure makes it difficult to identify the reservoir validity and calculatethe saturation accurately of low permeability sandstone.This work attempted to address this issue taking the forth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation(E_(s4))of the south slope in Dongying Depression as an example.Based on data of mercury injection,physical properties,thin sections and nuclear magnetism,the pore structure of low permeability sandstone in this area was divide into to 3 main types and 5 branch types,which permitted to determine the relationship between pore structure types and rock-electro parameters.Quantitative parameters of NMR T_2 spectrum can characterize the pore structure types and its detailed information to some extent.By extracting the parameters of pore structure,such as T_2 geometric mean(T_(2g))and T_2 mean(T_2),kurtosis(KG),mobile fluid ratio(Smf)and interval pore component in T_2 spectrum,the identification chart of pore structure based on the characteristic parameters of T_2 spectrum of NMR was established,which can help indentify reservoirs of varied types.Further more,the relationship between rock-electro parameters and T_2 characteristic parameters were discussed.The results show that the KGis highly correlated with the cement exponent(m),and the calculation formula of m was further determined.Finally,this method was applied to the logging profile in the study area,which effectively improved the accuracy of saturation calculation and provided a basis for the reserves estimation and efficient development of low permeability sandstone reservoirs in the south slope of Dongying Depression.
Comlpex pore structure makes it difficult to identify the reservoir validity and calculatethe saturation accurately of low permeability sandstone.This work attempted to address this issue taking the forth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation(E_(s4))of the south slope in Dongying Depression as an example.Based on data of mercury injection,physical properties,thin sections and nuclear magnetism,the pore structure of low permeability sandstone in this area was divide into to 3 main types and 5 branch types,which permitted to determine the relationship between pore structure types and rock-electro parameters.Quantitative parameters of NMR T_2 spectrum can characterize the pore structure types and its detailed information to some extent.By extracting the parameters of pore structure,such as T_2 geometric mean(T_(2g))and T_2 mean(T_2),kurtosis(KG),mobile fluid ratio(Smf)and interval pore component in T_2 spectrum,the identification chart of pore structure based on the characteristic parameters of T_2 spectrum of NMR was established,which can help indentify reservoirs of varied types.Further more,the relationship between rock-electro parameters and T_2 characteristic parameters were discussed.The results show that the KGis highly correlated with the cement exponent(m),and the calculation formula of m was further determined.Finally,this method was applied to the logging profile in the study area,which effectively improved the accuracy of saturation calculation and provided a basis for the reserves estimation and efficient development of low permeability sandstone reservoirs in the south slope of Dongying Depression.
引文
Bai S T,Cheng D J,Wan J B,et al.2016.Quantitative characterization of sandstone NMR T2 spectrum.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),37(3):382-391,414.
Cao Y C,Wang J,Liu H M,et al.2009.Sedimentary characteristics and models of beach-bar sandbodies in the upper part of the fourth member of Paleogene in the south slope of Dongying depression.Journal of China University of Petroleum(in Chinese),33(6):5-10.
Diederix K M.1982.Anomalous relationships between resistivity index and water saturations in the rotliegend sandstone(The Netherlands).∥SPWLA 23rd Annual Logging Symposium.Corpus Christi,Texas:Society of Petrophysicists and WellLog Analysts.
Ding Y J,Chai X Y,Shao W Z,et al.2017.Key parameters of water saturation based on concentration of T2 spectrum distribution.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),41(4):405-411.
Guo J F,Xie R H,Zou Y L,et al.2016.Numerical simulation of multi-dimensional NMR response in tight sandstone.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,13(3):285-294.
Huang Y,Zhao J,Cheng P F,et al.2007.Enhancing accuracy of saturation model of low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs by using nuclear magnetic resonance logging data.Oil&Gas Geology(in Chinese),28(3):390-394.
Liu W,Xiao Z X,Yang S Y,et al.2009.Comparative studies on methods of evaluation of reservoir pore structure by using NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)well logging data.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(6):773-778.
Mao Z Q,Gao C Q.2000.Theoretical simulation of the resistivity and pore structure of hydrocarbon bearing rocks.Petroleum Exploration&Development(in Chinese),27(2):87-90.
Owen J E.1952.The resistivity of a fluid-filled porous body.Journal of Petroleum Technology,4(7):169-174.
Swanson B F.1985.Microporosity in reservoir rocks:its measurement and influence on electrical resistivity.The Log Analyst,26(6):42-52.
Timur A.1972.Nuclear magnetic resonance study of carbonate rocks.The Log Analyst,13(5):3-11.
Wang K W,Sun J M,Guan J T,et al.2005.Percolation network modeling of electrical properties of reservoir rock.Applied Geophysics,2(4):223-229.
Wardlaw N C,Taylor R P.1976.Mercury capillary pressure curves and the interpretation of pore structure and capillary behaviour in reservoir rocks.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,24(2):225-262.
Yan J P,Wen D N,Li Z Z,et al.2015.The influence of low permeable sandstone pore structure on rock electrical Parameters and its applications.Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),26(12):2227-2233.
Yan J P,Wen D N,Li Z Z,et al.2016.The quantitative evaluation method of low permeable sandstone pore structure based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)logging.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(4):1543-1552,doi:10.6038/cjg20160434.
Yan J P,He X,Geng B,et al.2017.Nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum:multifractal characteristics and pore structure evaluation.Applied Geophysics,14(2):205-215.
Yan J P,Liang Q,Geng B,et al.2017.Relationship between micro-pore characteristics and pore structure of low permeability sandstone:a case of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in southern slope of Dongying Sag.Lithologic Reservoirs(in Chinese),29(3):18-26.
Yang F,Ning Z F,Kong D T,et al.2013.Pore structure of shales from high pressure mercury injection and nitrogen adsorption method.Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),24(3):450-455.
Yang L,Dou N H,Lu X B,et al.2018.Advances in understanding imbibition characteristics of shale using an NMR technique:a comparative study of marine and continental shale.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,15(4):1363-1375.
Yao Y B,Liu D M.2012.Comparison of low-field NMR and mercury intrusion porosimetry in characterizing pore size distributions of coals.Fuel,95:152-158.
Zhang L H,Zhou C C,Liu G Q,et al.2006.Influence of pore structures on electric properties and well logging evaluation in low porosity and permeability reservoirs.Petroleum Exploration&Development(in Chinese),33(6):671-676.
Zhang M L,Shi Y J.2005.Archie′s electrical parameters of complex pore texture in sandstone reservoir.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),44(1):21-23,28.
白松涛,程道解,万金彬等.2016.砂岩岩石核磁共振T2谱定量表征.石油学报,37(3):382-391,414.
操应长,王健,刘惠民等.2009.东营凹陷南坡沙四上亚段滩坝砂体的沉积特征及模式.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),33(6):5-10.
丁娱娇,柴细元,邵维志等.2017.基于核磁共振T2谱集中度的低孔隙度低渗透率储层饱和度参数研究.测井技术,41(4):405-411.
黄毅,赵军,程鹏飞等.2007.利用核磁共振资料改善低孔低渗油藏饱和度模型的精度.石油与天然气地质,28(3):390-394.
刘卫,肖忠祥,杨思玉等.2009.利用核磁共振测井资料评价储层孔隙结构方法的对比研究.石油地球物理勘探,44(6):773-778.
毛志强,高楚桥.2000.孔隙结构与含油岩石电阻率性质理论模拟研究.石油勘探与开发,27(2):87-90.
肖立志.1998.核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用.北京:科学出版社.
闫建平,温丹妮,李尊芝等.2015.低渗透砂岩孔隙结构对岩电参数的影响及应用.天然气地球科学,26(12):2227-2233.
闫建平,温丹妮,李尊芝等.2016.基于核磁共振测井的低渗透砂岩孔隙结构定量评价方法---以东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段为例.地球物理学报,59(4):1543-1552,doi:10.6038/cjg20160434.
闫建平,梁强,耿斌等.2017.低渗透砂岩微孔特征与孔隙结构类型的关系---以东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段为例.岩性油气藏,29(3):18-26.
杨峰,宁正福,孔德涛等.2013.高压压汞法和氮气吸附法分析页岩孔隙结构.天然气地球科学,24(3):450-455.
张龙海,周灿灿,刘国强等.2006.孔隙结构对低孔低渗储集层电性及测井解释评价的影响.石油勘探与开发,33(6):671-676.
张明禄,石玉江.2005.复杂孔隙结构砂岩储层岩电参数研究.石油物探,44(1):21-23,28.
Cao Y C,Wang J,Liu H M,et al.2009.Sedimentary characteristics and models of beach-bar sandbodies in the upper part of the fourth member of Paleogene in the south slope of Dongying depression.Journal of China University of Petroleum(in Chinese),33(6):5-10.
Diederix K M.1982.Anomalous relationships between resistivity index and water saturations in the rotliegend sandstone(The Netherlands).∥SPWLA 23rd Annual Logging Symposium.Corpus Christi,Texas:Society of Petrophysicists and WellLog Analysts.
Ding Y J,Chai X Y,Shao W Z,et al.2017.Key parameters of water saturation based on concentration of T2 spectrum distribution.Well Logging Technology(in Chinese),41(4):405-411.
Guo J F,Xie R H,Zou Y L,et al.2016.Numerical simulation of multi-dimensional NMR response in tight sandstone.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,13(3):285-294.
Huang Y,Zhao J,Cheng P F,et al.2007.Enhancing accuracy of saturation model of low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs by using nuclear magnetic resonance logging data.Oil&Gas Geology(in Chinese),28(3):390-394.
Liu W,Xiao Z X,Yang S Y,et al.2009.Comparative studies on methods of evaluation of reservoir pore structure by using NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)well logging data.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(6):773-778.
Mao Z Q,Gao C Q.2000.Theoretical simulation of the resistivity and pore structure of hydrocarbon bearing rocks.Petroleum Exploration&Development(in Chinese),27(2):87-90.
Owen J E.1952.The resistivity of a fluid-filled porous body.Journal of Petroleum Technology,4(7):169-174.
Swanson B F.1985.Microporosity in reservoir rocks:its measurement and influence on electrical resistivity.The Log Analyst,26(6):42-52.
Timur A.1972.Nuclear magnetic resonance study of carbonate rocks.The Log Analyst,13(5):3-11.
Wang K W,Sun J M,Guan J T,et al.2005.Percolation network modeling of electrical properties of reservoir rock.Applied Geophysics,2(4):223-229.
Wardlaw N C,Taylor R P.1976.Mercury capillary pressure curves and the interpretation of pore structure and capillary behaviour in reservoir rocks.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,24(2):225-262.
Yan J P,Wen D N,Li Z Z,et al.2015.The influence of low permeable sandstone pore structure on rock electrical Parameters and its applications.Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),26(12):2227-2233.
Yan J P,Wen D N,Li Z Z,et al.2016.The quantitative evaluation method of low permeable sandstone pore structure based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)logging.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(4):1543-1552,doi:10.6038/cjg20160434.
Yan J P,He X,Geng B,et al.2017.Nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum:multifractal characteristics and pore structure evaluation.Applied Geophysics,14(2):205-215.
Yan J P,Liang Q,Geng B,et al.2017.Relationship between micro-pore characteristics and pore structure of low permeability sandstone:a case of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in southern slope of Dongying Sag.Lithologic Reservoirs(in Chinese),29(3):18-26.
Yang F,Ning Z F,Kong D T,et al.2013.Pore structure of shales from high pressure mercury injection and nitrogen adsorption method.Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),24(3):450-455.
Yang L,Dou N H,Lu X B,et al.2018.Advances in understanding imbibition characteristics of shale using an NMR technique:a comparative study of marine and continental shale.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,15(4):1363-1375.
Yao Y B,Liu D M.2012.Comparison of low-field NMR and mercury intrusion porosimetry in characterizing pore size distributions of coals.Fuel,95:152-158.
Zhang L H,Zhou C C,Liu G Q,et al.2006.Influence of pore structures on electric properties and well logging evaluation in low porosity and permeability reservoirs.Petroleum Exploration&Development(in Chinese),33(6):671-676.
Zhang M L,Shi Y J.2005.Archie′s electrical parameters of complex pore texture in sandstone reservoir.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),44(1):21-23,28.
白松涛,程道解,万金彬等.2016.砂岩岩石核磁共振T2谱定量表征.石油学报,37(3):382-391,414.
操应长,王健,刘惠民等.2009.东营凹陷南坡沙四上亚段滩坝砂体的沉积特征及模式.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),33(6):5-10.
丁娱娇,柴细元,邵维志等.2017.基于核磁共振T2谱集中度的低孔隙度低渗透率储层饱和度参数研究.测井技术,41(4):405-411.
黄毅,赵军,程鹏飞等.2007.利用核磁共振资料改善低孔低渗油藏饱和度模型的精度.石油与天然气地质,28(3):390-394.
刘卫,肖忠祥,杨思玉等.2009.利用核磁共振测井资料评价储层孔隙结构方法的对比研究.石油地球物理勘探,44(6):773-778.
毛志强,高楚桥.2000.孔隙结构与含油岩石电阻率性质理论模拟研究.石油勘探与开发,27(2):87-90.
肖立志.1998.核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用.北京:科学出版社.
闫建平,温丹妮,李尊芝等.2015.低渗透砂岩孔隙结构对岩电参数的影响及应用.天然气地球科学,26(12):2227-2233.
闫建平,温丹妮,李尊芝等.2016.基于核磁共振测井的低渗透砂岩孔隙结构定量评价方法---以东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段为例.地球物理学报,59(4):1543-1552,doi:10.6038/cjg20160434.
闫建平,梁强,耿斌等.2017.低渗透砂岩微孔特征与孔隙结构类型的关系---以东营凹陷南斜坡沙四段为例.岩性油气藏,29(3):18-26.
杨峰,宁正福,孔德涛等.2013.高压压汞法和氮气吸附法分析页岩孔隙结构.天然气地球科学,24(3):450-455.
张龙海,周灿灿,刘国强等.2006.孔隙结构对低孔低渗储集层电性及测井解释评价的影响.石油勘探与开发,33(6):671-676.
张明禄,石玉江.2005.复杂孔隙结构砂岩储层岩电参数研究.石油物探,44(1):21-23,28.