《清人画乾隆帝普宁寺佛装像》的保存现状与建议
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摘要
乾隆御容佛像现存世仅七幅,其中三幅藏于故宫,是集宗教、艺术、工艺、科技信息于一身的珍贵文化遗产。故宫博物院藏《清人画乾隆帝普宁寺佛装像》就是其中一件。本文详细介绍此幅唐卡的历史信息、保存条件、陈列环境、保护情况,利用病害分布图对折痕、颜料脱落、缝线松散和缝线开裂、装衬织物褶皱和饰件脱落等病害情况进行描述,其病害原因包括内在因素和外在因素。并且围绕保存保管、保护修复、陈列展览和保存环境监控提出科学建议:订制专门的多层抽屉式储存柜,确保画面朝上展开平放保存和陈列,设计透明视窗便于观察;建立完整翔实的保护修复档案,在充分科学研究和模拟试验的基础上确定修复保护方案,定期跟踪调查,评估修复效果;在保存、修复、展示过程中均应实施环境监控,保持适宜且恒定的温度、湿度、照度,避免紫外线照射。
Only seven portraits showing the Qianlong Emperor as bodhisattva have survived to today and three are now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. They are cultural heritage of religious, artistic, scientific and technological significance. This paper is an introduction of the history, preservation conditions, display environment and conservation of the Portrait of Qianlong in Buddhist Attire at Puning Temple(thangka, Palace Museum in Beijing). Creases, losses of pigments, loose or breaking sutures, framed fabric folds and losses of decorations are described in the form of diseases map. The diseases are caused by internal and external factors. Scientific suggestions are given for the preservation, restoration, exhibition and environment monitoring. Special multi-drawer cases with transparent windows should be made to ensure that the picture is put faceup, flat and unfolded. Complete and detailed conservation archives are required for outlining conservation schemes based on sufficient scientific researches and simulation tests. The conservation should be tracked regularly to evaluate the effect of repair. Environment monitoring is necessary during preservation, restoration and displaying process, including keeping appropriate and constant temperature, humidity and illumination and avoiding exposure in ultraviolet light.
Only seven portraits showing the Qianlong Emperor as bodhisattva have survived to today and three are now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. They are cultural heritage of religious, artistic, scientific and technological significance. This paper is an introduction of the history, preservation conditions, display environment and conservation of the Portrait of Qianlong in Buddhist Attire at Puning Temple(thangka, Palace Museum in Beijing). Creases, losses of pigments, loose or breaking sutures, framed fabric folds and losses of decorations are described in the form of diseases map. The diseases are caused by internal and external factors. Scientific suggestions are given for the preservation, restoration, exhibition and environment monitoring. Special multi-drawer cases with transparent windows should be made to ensure that the picture is put faceup, flat and unfolded. Complete and detailed conservation archives are required for outlining conservation schemes based on sufficient scientific researches and simulation tests. The conservation should be tracked regularly to evaluate the effect of repair. Environment monitoring is necessary during preservation, restoration and displaying process, including keeping appropriate and constant temperature, humidity and illumination and avoiding exposure in ultraviolet light.
引文
[1]丹珠昂奔、周润年、莫福山、李双剑:《藏族大辞典》,甘肃人民出版社,2003年,第763页。
[2]西藏自治区文管会编《西藏唐卡》,文物出版社,1985年,第14页。
[3]丹珠昂奔、周润年、莫福山、李双剑:《藏族大辞典》,甘肃人民出版社,2003年,第763页。诺布旺典:《图解唐卡--解读最美的藏地密码》,紫禁城出版社,2009年,第116页。罗文华:《清宫唐卡绘画与装裱的机构及流程》,《中国藏学》2005年第4期。
[4]罗文华:《清宫藏传佛教绘画的机构与画师--以乾隆朝(1736-1795年)为主》,《汉藏佛教艺术研究》,中国藏学出版社,2006年,第109页。
[5]方小济、张蕊、孔艳菊:《清人画乾隆帝普宁寺佛装像唐卡的病害研究》,《中国文物保护技术协会第八次学术年会论文集》,科学出版社,2015年,第136页。
[6]刘晓晨:《特定历史时期的特殊烙印--钤有“教育部点验之章”的院藏书画作品》,《荣宝斋》2014年第11期。
[7]孔艳菊、罗涵、苗建民:《传统粘蜡胶的研制及应用性能研究》,《文物保护与考古科学》2013年第3期。
[8]奚三彩、赵丰:《古代丝织品的病害及其防治研究》,河海大学出版社,2008年,第89页。
[9]中国纺织品鉴定保护中心编《纺织品鉴定保护概论》,文物出版社,2002年,第150页。
[10]张金萍:《文物的除尘》,《中国文物保护技术协会第二届学术年会论文集》,中国文物保护技术协会出版社,2002年,第462页。
[11]故宫文物修复档案(85)第21号。
[12]华东建筑设计院编《博物馆建筑设计规范(JGJ 66-91)》,标准出版社,1991年,第1页。
[2]西藏自治区文管会编《西藏唐卡》,文物出版社,1985年,第14页。
[3]丹珠昂奔、周润年、莫福山、李双剑:《藏族大辞典》,甘肃人民出版社,2003年,第763页。诺布旺典:《图解唐卡--解读最美的藏地密码》,紫禁城出版社,2009年,第116页。罗文华:《清宫唐卡绘画与装裱的机构及流程》,《中国藏学》2005年第4期。
[4]罗文华:《清宫藏传佛教绘画的机构与画师--以乾隆朝(1736-1795年)为主》,《汉藏佛教艺术研究》,中国藏学出版社,2006年,第109页。
[5]方小济、张蕊、孔艳菊:《清人画乾隆帝普宁寺佛装像唐卡的病害研究》,《中国文物保护技术协会第八次学术年会论文集》,科学出版社,2015年,第136页。
[6]刘晓晨:《特定历史时期的特殊烙印--钤有“教育部点验之章”的院藏书画作品》,《荣宝斋》2014年第11期。
[7]孔艳菊、罗涵、苗建民:《传统粘蜡胶的研制及应用性能研究》,《文物保护与考古科学》2013年第3期。
[8]奚三彩、赵丰:《古代丝织品的病害及其防治研究》,河海大学出版社,2008年,第89页。
[9]中国纺织品鉴定保护中心编《纺织品鉴定保护概论》,文物出版社,2002年,第150页。
[10]张金萍:《文物的除尘》,《中国文物保护技术协会第二届学术年会论文集》,中国文物保护技术协会出版社,2002年,第462页。
[11]故宫文物修复档案(85)第21号。
[12]华东建筑设计院编《博物馆建筑设计规范(JGJ 66-91)》,标准出版社,1991年,第1页。