陇东旱塬区复种鲜食玉米生长特性及感官评价
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摘要
为了解决陇东旱塬区复种鲜食玉米生产选种困难问题,采用起垄覆膜栽培模式,在陇东地区对5个鲜食玉米进行田间试验研究,对鲜食玉米的植株特性、果穗特征情况进行了统计分析,同时进行感官评价,旨在为该区域鲜食玉米产业化发展提供指导。结果表明,5个鲜食玉米品种均能正常成熟,生育周期为75~83 d,绿色超人最长,为83 d;绿色超人的穗长、穗行数、行粒数和单穗质量分别为22.5 cm,18.1行,41.4粒和0.32 kg,与其他品种呈显著性差异,且籽粒统一,颜色为黄色,但有秃尖发生,感官评价为二级;美甜糯1号和萃甜518的穗粗和穗行数分别为5.2 cm,14.6行和4.9 cm,14.5行,双棒率高,籽粒统一,颜色为白色,皮薄嫩脆,食味性好,感官评价为一级;俏春1号生育期较短,有秃尖,单穗质量为0.21 kg,感官评价为二级;金糯加甜型籽粒不统一,感官评价为三级。美甜糯1号和萃甜518综合评价优,产量高,适宜于陇东旱塬区生产应用。
To solve the problem of seed select in fresh corn production in Longdong dryland areas, the plant characteristics, spike characteristics and sensorial evalution of five fresh corn varieties were studied in main field by ridging mulch plant method, to provide guidance for the industrialization of fresh corn in this area. The results showed that the growth period of five fresh corn varieties was75-83 d, the growth period of Lüsechaoren was the longest, which was 83 d. Lüsechaoren had a significant spike length, rows, grains and quality of single ear, which were reached to 22.5 cm, 18.1 rows, 41.4 grains and 0.32 kg, respectively, with yellow grains and barren ear tip, and the sensorial evaluated to was level II. The spike thick and rows of Meitiannuo 1 and Cuitian 518 were reached to 5.2 cm,14.6 lines and 4.9 cm, 14.5 lines, with white grains and a high tow-rod rate, which was evaluated to level Ⅰ, Qiaochun 1 was evaluated to level II because of barren ear tip, while Jinnuojiatian was level Ⅲ of inconsistency grains. Meitiannuo 1 and Cuitian 518, which has a higher yield and better evaluation, is suitable for application in Longdong dryland area.
To solve the problem of seed select in fresh corn production in Longdong dryland areas, the plant characteristics, spike characteristics and sensorial evalution of five fresh corn varieties were studied in main field by ridging mulch plant method, to provide guidance for the industrialization of fresh corn in this area. The results showed that the growth period of five fresh corn varieties was75-83 d, the growth period of Lüsechaoren was the longest, which was 83 d. Lüsechaoren had a significant spike length, rows, grains and quality of single ear, which were reached to 22.5 cm, 18.1 rows, 41.4 grains and 0.32 kg, respectively, with yellow grains and barren ear tip, and the sensorial evaluated to was level II. The spike thick and rows of Meitiannuo 1 and Cuitian 518 were reached to 5.2 cm,14.6 lines and 4.9 cm, 14.5 lines, with white grains and a high tow-rod rate, which was evaluated to level Ⅰ, Qiaochun 1 was evaluated to level II because of barren ear tip, while Jinnuojiatian was level Ⅲ of inconsistency grains. Meitiannuo 1 and Cuitian 518, which has a higher yield and better evaluation, is suitable for application in Longdong dryland area.
引文
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[2]邹雪波.小麦复种豆角高效生产技术[J].现代农业,2015(6):19-20.
[3]李琳凤,李孟刚.提高复种指数是保障我国粮食安全的有效途径[J].管理现代化,2012(3):26-28.
[4]龚魁杰,李青,陈利容,等.山东鲜食玉米产业发展现状与对策[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(1):141-147.
[5]郝小琴,吴子恺.鲜食甜糯玉米营养品质性状的相关分析[J].河南农业科学,2007(3):32-36.
[6]史振声,张喜华.鲜食型玉米育种目标和品种标准的探讨[J].玉米科学,2002,10(4):16-18.
[7]李金洪,李伯航.矿质营养对玉米子粒营养品质的影响[J].玉米科学,1995,3(3):54-58.
[8]盛宏达,张旭,闫金生.天津市鲜食玉米生产现状与发展对策[J].天津农业科学,2006,12(3):30-31.
[9]袁关容,何福洪,程祥,等.菜用糯玉米发展前景探讨[J].中国农业信息,2014(7):255.
[10]李祥艳,唐海涛,张彪,等.我国鲜食甜、糯玉米产业现状及前景分析[J].农业科技通讯,2008(8):5-8.
[11]刘强,杨明花,艾合买提江,等.关于伊犁河谷发展鲜食玉米的思考[J].天津农业科学,2016,22(8):72-75.
[12]董立红,陈永欣,翟广谦,等.山西省甜糯玉米产业现状与发展对策[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(12):1405-1408.
[13]刘永红,何文铸,柯国华.大力发展优质鲜食玉米促进我省玉米结构调整[J].四川农业科技,2003(2):8.
[14]王亚萍,张社梅,葛翔.供给侧结构性改革推进四川省玉米产业转型发展策略[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(7):172-177,182.