松嫩高平原县域土地利用空间格局地形梯度特征分析——以巴彦县为例
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摘要
以黑龙江省巴彦县为研究区,基于研究区DEM数据,运用土地利用类型的分布指数、土地利用结构的信息熵、均衡度和优势度,明确研究区土地利用空间格局的地形梯度特征及地形因子对土地利用空间格局的影响。结果表明:(1)研究区土地利用空间格局在地形因子的作用下存在明显的梯度特征,旱地、水田、草地、水域、建设用地及其他用地主要分布在较低地形级别区,林地主要分布在较高地形级别区。(2)除林地以外,其他土地利用类型分布的优势地形位均位于较低地形级别区,林地分布的优势地形位位于较高地形级别区,各土地利用类型分布的优势区域不尽相同。(3)研究区土地利用结构的信息熵及均衡度变化趋势相同,优势度的变化趋势与信息熵、均衡度的变化趋势相反,土地利用空间格局与地形因子具有显著的相关性。
The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between spatial distribution of land use and topographic factors and provide new ideas for regional land use planning. The study area of this study is Bayan County, Heilongjiang Province, in Northeast China. Three kind of topographic factors are extracted, which are elevation, slope and aspect, based on the DEM data of research area by the utilizing of GIS. The distribution characteristics of different kind of land use type among different topographic factors are identified after the classification of the three topographic factors which were extracted. Based on that, distribution index of land use type among different topographic factors are calculated, including the information entropy, equilibrium degree, dominance degree of land use structure and the correlation coefficient between different land use style and topographic factors. So that, the relationship between spatial distribution of land use and topographic factors could be identified. The results show that: 1) The spatial distribution of land use in research area shows gradient feature due to the impact of topographic factors. There are more dry land, paddy field, grassland, water area, construction land and other land in the region of low level of terrain, but more forest land in the region of high level of terrain. 2) Except forest land, the dominant landforms of other land use types are located at lower levels, and the predominant terrain of forest land distributed in the area of high level of topographic factors. The dominance regions of different land use types are different. The dominant region of dry land is the central and northwest region of the study area, the dominant region of paddy field is the southern edge of the study area, the dominant area of forest land is the northeast and southeast of the study area, the dominant region of construction land is the south of the study area, the dominant area of grassland is the northwest and the southern edge of the study area, the dominant region of water area is the southern edge of the study area and the dominant area of other land is in the south of the study area. 3) The degree of order, equilibrium and dominance of land use structure in the study area have a certain gradient under the function of topographic factors.The information entropy and equilibrium degree of the land use structure show the same changing trend, the values of information entropy and equilibrium degree of the land use structure are larger in the area of low level of elevation and slope. The trend of dominance is opposite to the information entropy and equilibrium, the dominance value of single land use type is higher in the area of high level of elevation and slope. Thus, the distribution of land use types are significantly correlated with topographic factors.
The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between spatial distribution of land use and topographic factors and provide new ideas for regional land use planning. The study area of this study is Bayan County, Heilongjiang Province, in Northeast China. Three kind of topographic factors are extracted, which are elevation, slope and aspect, based on the DEM data of research area by the utilizing of GIS. The distribution characteristics of different kind of land use type among different topographic factors are identified after the classification of the three topographic factors which were extracted. Based on that, distribution index of land use type among different topographic factors are calculated, including the information entropy, equilibrium degree, dominance degree of land use structure and the correlation coefficient between different land use style and topographic factors. So that, the relationship between spatial distribution of land use and topographic factors could be identified. The results show that: 1) The spatial distribution of land use in research area shows gradient feature due to the impact of topographic factors. There are more dry land, paddy field, grassland, water area, construction land and other land in the region of low level of terrain, but more forest land in the region of high level of terrain. 2) Except forest land, the dominant landforms of other land use types are located at lower levels, and the predominant terrain of forest land distributed in the area of high level of topographic factors. The dominance regions of different land use types are different. The dominant region of dry land is the central and northwest region of the study area, the dominant region of paddy field is the southern edge of the study area, the dominant area of forest land is the northeast and southeast of the study area, the dominant region of construction land is the south of the study area, the dominant area of grassland is the northwest and the southern edge of the study area, the dominant region of water area is the southern edge of the study area and the dominant area of other land is in the south of the study area. 3) The degree of order, equilibrium and dominance of land use structure in the study area have a certain gradient under the function of topographic factors.The information entropy and equilibrium degree of the land use structure show the same changing trend, the values of information entropy and equilibrium degree of the land use structure are larger in the area of low level of elevation and slope. The trend of dominance is opposite to the information entropy and equilibrium, the dominance value of single land use type is higher in the area of high level of elevation and slope. Thus, the distribution of land use types are significantly correlated with topographic factors.
引文
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[11]王永艳,李阳兵,甘彩红,等.基于地形因子的三峡库区腹地耕地演变——以草堂溪流域为例[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1903-1911.[Wang Yongyan,Li Yangbing,Gan Caihong et al.Evolution of cultivated land in center region of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area based on terrain factors:A case study of Caotangxi watershed.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(7):1903-1911.]
[12]申怀飞,吴国玺,丁圣彦.豫西黄河流域土地利用空间格局地形梯度特征分析[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(3):159-162,171.[Shen Huaifei,Wu Guoxi,Ding Shengyan.Spatial pattern of land use along the terrain gradient in Yellow River basin in West Henan province.Areal Research and Development,2012,31(3):159-162,171.]
[13]崔卫国,文倩,刘艳艳,等.基于DEM的醴陵市土地利用空间格局分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(2):228-234.[Cui Weiguo,Wen Qian,Liu Yanyan et al.Analyzing spatial pattern of land use in Liling city based on DEM.Resources Science,2008,30(2):228-234.]
[14]魏莲,刘学录.基于GIS和DEM的土地利用空间格局分析——以兰州市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(4):54-59.[Wei Lian,Liu Xuelu.Spatial pattern of land use in Lanzhou city based on GIS.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(4):54-59.]
[15]哈凯,丁庆龙,门明新,等.山地丘陵区土地利用分布及其与地形因子关系——以河北省怀来县为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(5):909-921.[Ha Kai,Ding Qinglong,Men Mingxin et al.Spatial distribution of land use and its relationship with terrain factors in hilly area.Geographical Research,2015,34(5):909-921.]
[16]周子英,段建南,梁春凤.长沙市土地利用结构信息熵时空变化研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(4):124-129.[Zhou Ziying,Duan Jianna,Liang Chunfeng.Temporal-spatial changes analysis of land use structure in Changsha city based on information entropy.Economic Geography,2012,32(4):124-129.]
[2]龚文峰,袁力,范文义.基于地形梯度的哈尔滨市土地利用格局变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(2):250-259.[Gong Wenfeng,Yuan Li,Fan Wenyi.Analysis on land use pattern changes in Harbin based on terrain gradient.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(2):250-259.]
[3]宋戈,王盼盼,王越,等.黑龙江省巴彦县土地利用类型变化特征及其空间格局分异[J].经济地理,2015,35(3):163-170.[Song Ge,Wang Panpan,Wang Yue et al.Land-use types change characteristics and spatial heterogeneity in bayan of Heilongjiang province.Economic Geography,2015,35(3):163-170.]
[4]杨丽,谢高地,甄霖,等.泾河流域土地利用格局的时空变化分析[J].资源科学,2005,27(4):26-32.[Yang Li,Xie Gaodi,Zhen Lin et al.Spatio-Temporal changes of land use in jinghe watershed.Resources Science,2005,27(4):26-32.]
[5]Verburg P,Veldkamp T,Bouma J.Land use change under conditions of high population pressure:The case of Java[J].Global Environmental Change,1999,9(4):303-312.
[6]Ispikoudis I,Lyrintzis G,Kyriakakis S.Impact of human activities on mediterranean land scapes in western Crete[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1993,24(1-4):259-271.
[7]Mottet A,Ladet S,CoquéN et al.Agricultural land-use change and its drivers in mountain landscapes:A case study in the Pyrenees[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2006,114(2/4):296-310.
[8]Rodriguez-Galiano V,Chica-Olmo M.Land cover change analysis of a Mediterranean area in Spain using different sources of data:Multi-seasonal Landsat images,land surface temperature,digital terrain models and texture[J].Applied Geography,2012,35(1/2):208-218.
[9]李名勇,晏路明,王丽丽,等.基于高程约束的区域LUCC及其生态效应研究——以福州市为例[J].地理科学,2013,33(1):75-82.[Li Mingyong,Yan Luming,Wang Lili et al.Regional LUCC and its ecological effect based on elevation constraint:A case study of Fuzhou city.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(1):75-82.]
[10]焦贝贝,石培基,刘春芳,等.黄土高原低山丘陵区农村居民点分布与地形因子关系研究——以兰州市七里河区为例[J].资源科学,2013,35(8):1719-1727.[Jiao Beibei,Dan Peiji,Liu Chunfang et al.The distribution of rural settlements in relation to land form factors in low hilly land on the Loess Plateau.Resources Science,2013,35(8):1719-1727.]
[11]王永艳,李阳兵,甘彩红,等.基于地形因子的三峡库区腹地耕地演变——以草堂溪流域为例[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1903-1911.[Wang Yongyan,Li Yangbing,Gan Caihong et al.Evolution of cultivated land in center region of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area based on terrain factors:A case study of Caotangxi watershed.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(7):1903-1911.]
[12]申怀飞,吴国玺,丁圣彦.豫西黄河流域土地利用空间格局地形梯度特征分析[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(3):159-162,171.[Shen Huaifei,Wu Guoxi,Ding Shengyan.Spatial pattern of land use along the terrain gradient in Yellow River basin in West Henan province.Areal Research and Development,2012,31(3):159-162,171.]
[13]崔卫国,文倩,刘艳艳,等.基于DEM的醴陵市土地利用空间格局分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(2):228-234.[Cui Weiguo,Wen Qian,Liu Yanyan et al.Analyzing spatial pattern of land use in Liling city based on DEM.Resources Science,2008,30(2):228-234.]
[14]魏莲,刘学录.基于GIS和DEM的土地利用空间格局分析——以兰州市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(4):54-59.[Wei Lian,Liu Xuelu.Spatial pattern of land use in Lanzhou city based on GIS.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(4):54-59.]
[15]哈凯,丁庆龙,门明新,等.山地丘陵区土地利用分布及其与地形因子关系——以河北省怀来县为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(5):909-921.[Ha Kai,Ding Qinglong,Men Mingxin et al.Spatial distribution of land use and its relationship with terrain factors in hilly area.Geographical Research,2015,34(5):909-921.]
[16]周子英,段建南,梁春凤.长沙市土地利用结构信息熵时空变化研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(4):124-129.[Zhou Ziying,Duan Jianna,Liang Chunfeng.Temporal-spatial changes analysis of land use structure in Changsha city based on information entropy.Economic Geography,2012,32(4):124-129.]