铝/黄铜异种金属搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头显微组织与力学性能
|
摘要
采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对5052铝合金及H62黄铜异种金属进行搭接,搅拌头转速固定为1 000 r/min,焊速为100～300mm/min,对接头微观组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明:搭接接头铝侧分为焊核区、热机影响区和热影响区。接头铝侧与搅拌头直接作用的区域,晶粒发生一定的细化。搭接界面处两板间分界明显,界面处有黄铜和铝的机械混合,且有金属间化合物产生。接头显微硬度分布表明铝侧焊核区显微硬度最高,硬度最低点在热影响区。界面处的硬度明显大于铝及黄铜母材。随着焊速的增大,接头拉剪载荷先增大后减小。接头拉伸时断于界面区,断口为解理断裂。
5052 aluminium alloy and H62 brass dissimilar metals are friction stir lap welded. The rotation speed is kept constant at1 000 r/min with welding speed varying from 100 mm/min to 300 mm/min. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint are studied. The joint at Al side is divided into weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat-affected zone. Grains are refined within the area contacted with the welding tool at Al side. Obvious dividing line is formed between the two plates at the Al/Brass interface with the existence of brass with different size and shape. There are interface compounds produced and mechanical mixture of brass and aluminium produced near the brass at the interfaces. Hardness distribution of joint cross-section along the aluminum side show hardness at welding nugget are highest and the lowest appear on the heat affected zone. Hardness at the interface is significantly higher than that of Al and Brass base metal. With the increasing welding speed, the tensile shear strength increases first and then decreases. Tensile test indicates that the joint fractures at interface layer of the brass side with cleavage fracture surface.
5052 aluminium alloy and H62 brass dissimilar metals are friction stir lap welded. The rotation speed is kept constant at1 000 r/min with welding speed varying from 100 mm/min to 300 mm/min. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint are studied. The joint at Al side is divided into weld nugget zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat-affected zone. Grains are refined within the area contacted with the welding tool at Al side. Obvious dividing line is formed between the two plates at the Al/Brass interface with the existence of brass with different size and shape. There are interface compounds produced and mechanical mixture of brass and aluminium produced near the brass at the interfaces. Hardness distribution of joint cross-section along the aluminum side show hardness at welding nugget are highest and the lowest appear on the heat affected zone. Hardness at the interface is significantly higher than that of Al and Brass base metal. With the increasing welding speed, the tensile shear strength increases first and then decreases. Tensile test indicates that the joint fractures at interface layer of the brass side with cleavage fracture surface.
引文
[1]LACAZE J,TIERCE S,LAFONT M C,et al.Study of the microstructure resulting from brazed aluminum materials used in heat exchangers[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,413-414:317-321.
[2]黄伯云.我国有色金属材料现状及发展战略[J].中国有色金属学报,2004,14(5):122-127.HUANG Boyun.Status and developing strategy for China’s nonferrous metal materials industry[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2004,14(5):122-127.
[3]周利,李志勇,赵洪运,等.铝/黄铜异种金属TIG熔钎焊接头显微组织与力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(9):2389-2395.ZHOU Li,LI Zhiyong,ZHAO Hongyun,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/brass dissimilar metals TIG welding-brazing joint[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(9):2389-2395.
[4]董鹏,陈凯华,肖荣诗.铝-铜异种金属激光深熔钎焊接头力学性能[J].中国激光,2011,38(6):129-133.DONG Peng,CHEN Kaihua,XIAO Rongshi.Mechanical properties of aluminum-copper joint by laser penetration brazing[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2011,38(6):129-133.
[5]张旭超.铝合金/黄铜异种金属TIG熔钎焊温度场和流场的数值模拟[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.ZHANG Xuchao.Numerical simulation of temperature field and fluid flow field during TIG fusion-brazing of aluminum alloy and brass[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013.
[6]LEE S J,NAKAMURA H,KAWAHITO Y,et al.Effect of welding speed on microstructural and mechanical properties of laser lap weld joints in dissimilar Al and Cu sheets[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2014,19(2):111-118.
[7]薛志清,胡绳荪,左迪,等.铜铝异种金属激光焊接头组织特征及力学性能[J].焊接学报,2013,34(10):115-116.XUE Zhiqing,HU Shengsun,ZUO Di,et al.Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of laser-welded copper and aluminum[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2013,34(10):115-116.
[8]毕应利.铝-铜异种材料焊接工艺及其质量评价[J].价值工程,2015,34(9):69-71.BI Yingli.Welding technology of aluminum-copper dissimilar material and its quality evaluation[J].Value Engineering,2015,34(9):69-71.
[9]冯立臣.铜/铝感应钎焊接头的界面行为及耐腐蚀性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2015.FENG Lichen.Study of the interfacial behavior and corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al joints by frequency induction brazing[D].Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2015.
[10]YANG H,HUANG J H,CHEN S H.Influence of the brazing methods on the interface structure and property of the Cu/Al brazed joint[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2015,751:66-71.
[11]JI F,XUE S B,LOU J Y,et al.Microstructure and properties of Cu/Al joints brazed with Zn-Al filler metals[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(2):281-287.
[12]吴小伟,沈以赴,李博,等.铝-铜搅拌摩擦焊搭接焊缝共晶组织形成与抑制[J].焊接学报,2014(1):87-90,117.WU Xiaowei,SHEN Yifu,LI Bo,et al.Formation and inhibition of eutectics in Al/Cu dissimilar metal lap joint[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2014,35(1):87-90,117.
[13]PIERPAOLO C,ANTONELLO A,GAETANO S P.Microstructural aspects in Al-Cu dissimilar joining by FSW[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2015,75(5):1109-1116.
[14]BEYGI R,KAZEMINEZHAD M,KOKABI A H,et al.Friction stir welding of Al-Cu bilayer sheet by tapered threaded pin:Microstructure,material flow,and fracture behavior[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2015,46(6):2544-2553.
[15]ZHANG Q Z,GONG W B,LIU W.Microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar Al-Cu joints by friction stir welding[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(6):1779-1786.
[16]RAI R,DE A,BHADESHIA H,et al.Review:Friction stir welding tools[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2011,16(4):325-342.
[17]HEIDEMAN R,JOHNSON C,KOU S.Metallurgical analysis of Al/Cu friction stir spot welding[J].Science and Technology of Welding&Joining,2010,15(7):597-604.
[18]ABDOLLAH-ZADEH A,SAEID T,SAZGARI B.Microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum/copper lap joints[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2008,460(1-2):535-538.
[19]LIU H J,FJII H,MAEDA M,et al.Tensile properties and fracture locations of friction stir welded joints of2017-T351 aluminum alloy[J].Materials Processing Technology,2003,142:692-696.
[2]黄伯云.我国有色金属材料现状及发展战略[J].中国有色金属学报,2004,14(5):122-127.HUANG Boyun.Status and developing strategy for China’s nonferrous metal materials industry[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2004,14(5):122-127.
[3]周利,李志勇,赵洪运,等.铝/黄铜异种金属TIG熔钎焊接头显微组织与力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(9):2389-2395.ZHOU Li,LI Zhiyong,ZHAO Hongyun,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/brass dissimilar metals TIG welding-brazing joint[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(9):2389-2395.
[4]董鹏,陈凯华,肖荣诗.铝-铜异种金属激光深熔钎焊接头力学性能[J].中国激光,2011,38(6):129-133.DONG Peng,CHEN Kaihua,XIAO Rongshi.Mechanical properties of aluminum-copper joint by laser penetration brazing[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2011,38(6):129-133.
[5]张旭超.铝合金/黄铜异种金属TIG熔钎焊温度场和流场的数值模拟[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.ZHANG Xuchao.Numerical simulation of temperature field and fluid flow field during TIG fusion-brazing of aluminum alloy and brass[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013.
[6]LEE S J,NAKAMURA H,KAWAHITO Y,et al.Effect of welding speed on microstructural and mechanical properties of laser lap weld joints in dissimilar Al and Cu sheets[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2014,19(2):111-118.
[7]薛志清,胡绳荪,左迪,等.铜铝异种金属激光焊接头组织特征及力学性能[J].焊接学报,2013,34(10):115-116.XUE Zhiqing,HU Shengsun,ZUO Di,et al.Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of laser-welded copper and aluminum[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2013,34(10):115-116.
[8]毕应利.铝-铜异种材料焊接工艺及其质量评价[J].价值工程,2015,34(9):69-71.BI Yingli.Welding technology of aluminum-copper dissimilar material and its quality evaluation[J].Value Engineering,2015,34(9):69-71.
[9]冯立臣.铜/铝感应钎焊接头的界面行为及耐腐蚀性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2015.FENG Lichen.Study of the interfacial behavior and corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al joints by frequency induction brazing[D].Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2015.
[10]YANG H,HUANG J H,CHEN S H.Influence of the brazing methods on the interface structure and property of the Cu/Al brazed joint[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2015,751:66-71.
[11]JI F,XUE S B,LOU J Y,et al.Microstructure and properties of Cu/Al joints brazed with Zn-Al filler metals[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(2):281-287.
[12]吴小伟,沈以赴,李博,等.铝-铜搅拌摩擦焊搭接焊缝共晶组织形成与抑制[J].焊接学报,2014(1):87-90,117.WU Xiaowei,SHEN Yifu,LI Bo,et al.Formation and inhibition of eutectics in Al/Cu dissimilar metal lap joint[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2014,35(1):87-90,117.
[13]PIERPAOLO C,ANTONELLO A,GAETANO S P.Microstructural aspects in Al-Cu dissimilar joining by FSW[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2015,75(5):1109-1116.
[14]BEYGI R,KAZEMINEZHAD M,KOKABI A H,et al.Friction stir welding of Al-Cu bilayer sheet by tapered threaded pin:Microstructure,material flow,and fracture behavior[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2015,46(6):2544-2553.
[15]ZHANG Q Z,GONG W B,LIU W.Microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar Al-Cu joints by friction stir welding[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(6):1779-1786.
[16]RAI R,DE A,BHADESHIA H,et al.Review:Friction stir welding tools[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2011,16(4):325-342.
[17]HEIDEMAN R,JOHNSON C,KOU S.Metallurgical analysis of Al/Cu friction stir spot welding[J].Science and Technology of Welding&Joining,2010,15(7):597-604.
[18]ABDOLLAH-ZADEH A,SAEID T,SAZGARI B.Microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum/copper lap joints[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2008,460(1-2):535-538.
[19]LIU H J,FJII H,MAEDA M,et al.Tensile properties and fracture locations of friction stir welded joints of2017-T351 aluminum alloy[J].Materials Processing Technology,2003,142:692-696.