三农微观层面存在的问题分析与改进措施思考——以三亚市崖州区为例
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摘要
为分析三农微观层面存在的主要矛盾和系统地提出完善措施,笔者通过实地考察、举办座谈会等形式,深入调查三亚市崖州区的三农现状及焦点,收集和分析崖州区的基本经济数据。结果表明:三农问题是在自然条件和社会条件综合作用下所产生的弱质农业、弱势农民和薄弱农村的矛盾集合,主要表现在农业系统复杂多变、政府行为全局性不强、农村经济社会管理存在瓶颈、农民问题棘手而艰巨、农村金融不健全和基础设施与公共服务薄弱等。通过分析完善了农村治理"三维一体"和谐结构,提出三农微观系统运行机制,并建议地方党委、政府需要充分运用和发挥国家政策的作用,在三农微观层面深化改革,优化和整合资源,针对问题出台一系列的办法和措施,改善三农内外部软硬环境,调动各方积极性去具体化解三农矛盾,帮助实现农业增效、农民增收和农村发展。
In order to analyze the main contradiction of the Sannong issues(agriculture, rural community andfarmers) at the micro level and propose countermeasures systematically, through on-the-spot investigation andorganizing seminars, present situation and focuses of the Sannong issues in Yazhou District were investigated,and basic economic data of Yazhou District were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the Sannongissues were a contradictory set of disadvantaged agriculture, weak farmers and poor rural communities. Thecontradictory set was produced by the combined effects of the natural and social conditions. The issues werethe complexity and variety of agricultural system, the lack of an overall coordination of government actions, thebottlenecks of rural economic and social management, the difficult problems of farmers, the imperfection ofrural finance, the weakness of infrastructure and public services, and so on. Through improving the harmoniousstructure of the rural governance by the"three dimensions in one", the micro system operational mechanism ofthe Sannong issues was proposed. Besides, the author recommended that the local party committees andgovernments should make full use of the role of national policy, reform micro level of Sannong issues deeply,optimize and integrate the resources, introduced a range of approaches and measures according to theproblems, improve the hard and soft environments inside and outside, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties toresolve specific conflicts of the Sannong issues, and help to increase farmers' income, improve agricultural efficiency and develop the rural communities.
In order to analyze the main contradiction of the Sannong issues(agriculture, rural community andfarmers) at the micro level and propose countermeasures systematically, through on-the-spot investigation andorganizing seminars, present situation and focuses of the Sannong issues in Yazhou District were investigated,and basic economic data of Yazhou District were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the Sannongissues were a contradictory set of disadvantaged agriculture, weak farmers and poor rural communities. Thecontradictory set was produced by the combined effects of the natural and social conditions. The issues werethe complexity and variety of agricultural system, the lack of an overall coordination of government actions, thebottlenecks of rural economic and social management, the difficult problems of farmers, the imperfection ofrural finance, the weakness of infrastructure and public services, and so on. Through improving the harmoniousstructure of the rural governance by the"three dimensions in one", the micro system operational mechanism ofthe Sannong issues was proposed. Besides, the author recommended that the local party committees andgovernments should make full use of the role of national policy, reform micro level of Sannong issues deeply,optimize and integrate the resources, introduced a range of approaches and measures according to theproblems, improve the hard and soft environments inside and outside, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties toresolve specific conflicts of the Sannong issues, and help to increase farmers' income, improve agricultural efficiency and develop the rural communities.
引文
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[2]雷启振.中国农村金融体系构建研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2009.
[3]滕星均.区域三农问题的系统研究—以吉林省为例[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.
[4]王文龙.论“三农”问题治理新思维[J].中州学刊,2012(4):64-67.
[5]林光华,宋雪飞.“三农”发展形势、问题与制度改革创新—“三农新政高层研讨会”观点综述[J].南京农业大学学报:社会科学版,2013(6):119-128.
[6]张素芳,吴银松,王云美,等.浅谈我国“三农”政策创新实践与当前战略选择[J].云南农业大学学报,2014(1):1-6.
[7]胡小红.我国“三农”财政的法律问题探讨[J].安徽农业大学学报:社会科学版,2012(3):71-75,116.
[8]王文龙.中国“三农”问题理论的范式冲突、学术生态与迷思之我见[J].农业现代化研究,2014(1):48-52.
[9]沈刚.“三农”的根本问题是三要素的流失——访中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院院长温铁军[J].经济,2012(3):18-19.
[10]李君芝,王征兵.村干部职能转变机制研究[J].农村经济,2014(1):104-108.
[11]张世勇,杨华.农民“闹大”与政府“兜底”:当前农村社会冲突管理的逻辑构建[J].中国农村观察,2014(1):81-88.
[12]赵忠升.“三农”问题的核心:农民的权益与能力[J].农业经济问题,2012(11):59-66,111.
[13]余泉生,周亚虹.信贷约束强度与农户福祉损失--基于中国农村金融调查截面数据的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2014(3):36-47.
[14]孙韦.农业银行“三农金融事业部”改革问题与对策[J].海南金融,2013(5):72-76.
[15]“农村基础设施建设与农民收入研究”课题组.中国农村基础设施现状:皖省例证与政策选择[J].改革,2012(5):5-23.
[16]邓志红,龚春明.农村公共服务结构的失衡与破解—基于服务型政府分析视角[J].开放导报,2014(2):73-76.
[17]毛德松.非农工作经历与农民社会关系网络[J].技术经济与管理研究,2014(1):102-106.
[18]黄祖辉,徐旭初,蒋文华.中国“三农”问题:分析框架、现实研判和解决思路[J].中国农村经济,2009(7):4-11.
[19]曲延春.四维框架下的“多元协作供给”:农村公共产品供给模式创新研究[J].理论探讨,2014(4):164-167.
[20]张伟,岑敏华,罗向明.中国农业风险的多维保障机制研究[J].农村经济,2014(2):61-65.
[21]王松良.中国“三农”问题新动态与乡村发展模式的选择——以福建乡村调研和乡村建设的实证研究为例[J].中国发展,2012(3):45-52.
[22]周峰.乡村旅游经济对“三农”的影响力研究——以浙江平湖为例[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.