复杂金精矿火法冶炼高锑烟尘处理工艺
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摘要
针对某复杂难处理金精矿火法熔炼造锍产生的高锑烟尘,进行了湿法综合处理工艺研究。采用XRD、SEM对高锑烟尘进行了物相组成分析和微观形貌表征。以盐酸为浸出剂分离烟尘中的砷、锑、铅、锌等元素,得到含杂较低的高品位金精矿,并对所得金精矿通过静态富氧焙烧-酸浸除杂-氰化浸出工艺回收金银等贵金属。结果表明:高锑烟尘主要由Sb_2O_3和As_2O_3物相组成,锑、砷含量分别为31.18%和9.95%;该烟尘由粒度较细、大小较均匀颗粒物所组成;在盐酸浓度为4 mol/L、浸出液固质量比为5.0、温度为85℃条件下搅拌浸出2 h,浸出渣率为13.65%,浸出渣中砷、锑、铅和锌的品位分别为0.52%、0.60%、0.06%和0.49%;所得金精矿静态富氧焙烧脱硫率为98.81%,焙砂酸浸渣中金品位达到116.9 g/t,金的氰化浸出率达到98%。通过该工艺处理复杂难处理金精矿火法冶炼所得高锑烟尘,实现了烟尘中杂质元素的高效分离,有价元素得到有效回收。
A wet leaching process for disposing high antimony dust generated from the matte smelting process of refractory gold concentrate was reported.The phase composition and micro-morphology of the high antimony dust were analyzed by XRD and SEM.The elements of As,Sb,Pb and Zn in the dust were separated via hydrochloric acid leaching,and the high grade gold concentrate was subsequently obtained.The gold concentrate was then disposed by static rich-oxygen roasting,acid leaching,and cyaniding successively for the recovery of Au and Ag.The results show that the main phases of the high antimony dust are Sb_2O_3 and As_2O_3,and the contents of Sb and As are 31.18%and 9.95%,respectively.The particle size of the dust is relatively fine and uniform.The leaching residue rate is 13.65%and the contents of As,Sb,Pb,and Zn are decreased to 0.52%,0.60%,0.06%,and 0.49%,respectively,under the experimental conditions of HCl concentration of 4 mol/L,liquid-solid ratio of 5.0,temperature of 85℃,and reacting time of 2 h.The desulfurization rate of the gold concentrate and the cyanide leaching rate of gold are 98.81%and 98%,respectively,and the Au content in the calcine acid leaching residue reaches 116.9 g/t.The effective separation of impurity elements and recovery of valuable elements can be achieved by the disposal of high antimony dust generated from the pyrometallurgical process of gold concentrate through the process reported in the present work.
A wet leaching process for disposing high antimony dust generated from the matte smelting process of refractory gold concentrate was reported.The phase composition and micro-morphology of the high antimony dust were analyzed by XRD and SEM.The elements of As,Sb,Pb and Zn in the dust were separated via hydrochloric acid leaching,and the high grade gold concentrate was subsequently obtained.The gold concentrate was then disposed by static rich-oxygen roasting,acid leaching,and cyaniding successively for the recovery of Au and Ag.The results show that the main phases of the high antimony dust are Sb_2O_3 and As_2O_3,and the contents of Sb and As are 31.18%and 9.95%,respectively.The particle size of the dust is relatively fine and uniform.The leaching residue rate is 13.65%and the contents of As,Sb,Pb,and Zn are decreased to 0.52%,0.60%,0.06%,and 0.49%,respectively,under the experimental conditions of HCl concentration of 4 mol/L,liquid-solid ratio of 5.0,temperature of 85℃,and reacting time of 2 h.The desulfurization rate of the gold concentrate and the cyanide leaching rate of gold are 98.81%and 98%,respectively,and the Au content in the calcine acid leaching residue reaches 116.9 g/t.The effective separation of impurity elements and recovery of valuable elements can be achieved by the disposal of high antimony dust generated from the pyrometallurgical process of gold concentrate through the process reported in the present work.
引文
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[10]李磊,张仁杰,廖彬,谢晓峰.砷锑烟尘中砷与锑的选择性氧化分离[J].过程工程学报,2014,14(1):71-77.LI Lei,ZHANG Ren-jie,LIAO Bin,XIE Xiao-feng.Separation of As from As and Sb contained smoke dust by selective oxidation[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2014,14(1):71-77.
[11]TAN Cheng,LI Lei,LI Kong-zhai,ZHONG Da-peng.Separation of As from high As-Sb dust using Fe2O3 as a fixative under O2-N2 atmosphere[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2018,194:81-88.
[12]刘海浪,和森,宋向荣,罗中秋,夏举佩.铜冶炼高砷烟尘浸出特性研究[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(3):1124-1128.LIU Hai-lang,HE Sen,SONG Xiang-rong,LUO Zhong-qiu,XIA Ju-pei.On the leachability of high arsenic smoke-dust from the copper smelting processing[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(3):1124-1128.
[13]张旭,刘志宏,李玉虎,刘智勇,李启厚.苛性碱溶液氧压浸出高砷锑烟尘[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(5):1390-1396.ZHANG Xu,LIU Zhi-hong,LI Yu-hu,LIU Zhi-yong,LI Qi-hou.Oxygen pressure leaching of arsenic and antimony bearing flue dust in NaOH solution[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(5):1390-1396.
[14]GUO Xue-yi,YI Yu,SHI Jing,TIAN Qing-hua.Leaching behavior of metals from high-arsenic dust by NaOH-Na2Salkaline leaching[J]Transaction of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(3):575-580.
[15]胡鑫,王少龙,雷霆,巫旭.从砷锑烟尘中回收锑的试验研究[J].矿冶,2014,23(6):36-39.HU Xin,WANG Shao-long,LEI Ting,WU Xu.Experimental study on recovery of antimony form arsenic antimony fumes[J].Mining and Metallurgy,2014,23(6):36-39.
[16]JAROSIKOVA A,ETTLER V,MIHALJEVIC M,DRAHOTA P,CULKA A,RACEK M.Characterization and pH-dependent environmental stability of arsenic trioxide-containing copper smelter flue dust[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,209:71-80.
[17]PENG Ying-lin,ZHENG Ya-jie,ZHOU Wen-ke,CHEN Wen-mi.Separation and recovery of Cu and As during purification of copper electrolyte[J].Transaction of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(9):2268-2273.
[18]韩煦,安学良,宋雅琴,陈澄,任海涛.Fe(Ⅱ)盐氧化絮凝对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的去除[J].天津工业大学学报,2017,36(2):31-36.HAN Xu,AN Xue-liang,SONG Ya-qin,CHEN Cheng,RENHai-tao.Removal of As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ)by ferrous salt oxidation flocculation[J].Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University,2017,36(2):31-36.
[19]JIANG Guo-min,PENG Bing,CHAI Li-yuan,WANG Qing-wei,SHI Mei-qing,WANG Yun-yan,LIU Hui.Cascade sulfidation and separation of copper and arsenic from acidic wastewater via gas-liquid reaction[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27(5):925-931.
[20]张明琴,周新涛,罗中秋,郝旭涛,何欢,石桂杰.石灰-铁盐法处理工业含砷废水研究进展[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(8):2447-2453.ZHANG Ming-qin,ZHUO Xin-tao,LUO Zhong-qiu,HAOXu-tao,HE Huan,SHI Gui-jie.Treatment of arsenic-bearing industrial wastewater by lime-ferric salt method[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2016,35(8):2447-2453.
[21]李思唯,刘志宏,刘智勇,李玉虎,李启厚.铜闪速熔炼电收高砷烟尘硫酸化焙烧脱砷试验研究[J].湿法冶金,2017,36(4):336-341.LI Si-wei,LIU Zhi-hong,LIU Zhi-yong,LI Yu-hu,LI Qi-hou.Removal of arsenic from ESP dust of copper flash smelting by sulphating roasting[J].Hydrometallurgy of China,2017,36(4):336-341.
[2]尚鹤,温建康,武彪.高硫含砷难处理金精矿生物预氧化及微生物种群研究[J].稀有金属,2013,37(6):976-983.SHANG He,WEN Jian-kang,WU Biao.Bio-pretreatment and community analysis for high sulfur arsenic-bearing refractory gold concentrate[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2013,37(6):976-983.
[3]徐忠敏,翁占平,国洪柱.复杂难处理金精矿加压氧化预处理工艺试验研究[J].黄金,2017,38(2):54-57.XU Zhong-min,WENG Zhan-ping,GUO Hong-zhu.Experimental study on the treatment of complex refractory gold concentrates by pressure oxidation pretreatment[J].Gold,2017,38(2):54-57.
[4]RODRIGUEZ-RODRIGUEZ C,NAVA-ALONSO F,URIBE-SALAS A,VINALS J.Pyrargyrite(Ag3SbS3):Silver and antimony dissolution by ozone oxidation in acid media[J].Hydrometallurgy,2016,164:15-23.
[5]YANG Tian-zu,RAO Shuai,LIU Wei-feng,ZHANG Du-chao,CHEN Lin.A selective process for extracting antimony from refractory gold ore[J].Hydrometallurgy,2017,169:571-575.
[6]陈永强,刘勇,王成彦,杨永强,张永禄.高砷锑金精矿矿浆电解连续扩大试验[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2015(12):5-7.CHEN Yong-qiang,LIU Yong,WANG Cheng-yan,YANGYong-qiang,ZHANG Yong-lu.Continuous expanding test on slurry electrolysis of As-rich antimonic gold concentrate[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2015(12):5-7.
[7]陈景.火法冶金中贱金属及锍捕集贵金属原理的讨论[J].中国工程科学,2007,9(5):11-16.CHEN Jing.Discussion on the micro-mechanism of precious metals trapped in pyro metallurgical processes by base metals and matte phase[J].Engineering Science,2007,9(5):11-16.
[8]陈保卫,那仁满都拉,吕美玲,Chris Le X.砷的代谢机制、毒性和生物监测[J].化学进展,2009,21(2/3):474-482.CHEN Bao-wei,NARANMANDURA H,LüMei-ling,CHRISLE X.Metabolism,toxicity,and biomonitoring of arsenic species[J].Progress in Chemistry,2009,21(2/3):474-482.
[9]袁海滨,朱玉艳,张继斌.高砷含锡烟尘直流矿热炉挥发的工艺[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(6):2200-2206.YUAN Hai-bin,ZHU Yu-yan,ZHANG Ji-bin.Process of high-arsenic dust containing tin volatilization from DCsubmerged arc furnace[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(6):2200-2206.
[10]李磊,张仁杰,廖彬,谢晓峰.砷锑烟尘中砷与锑的选择性氧化分离[J].过程工程学报,2014,14(1):71-77.LI Lei,ZHANG Ren-jie,LIAO Bin,XIE Xiao-feng.Separation of As from As and Sb contained smoke dust by selective oxidation[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2014,14(1):71-77.
[11]TAN Cheng,LI Lei,LI Kong-zhai,ZHONG Da-peng.Separation of As from high As-Sb dust using Fe2O3 as a fixative under O2-N2 atmosphere[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2018,194:81-88.
[12]刘海浪,和森,宋向荣,罗中秋,夏举佩.铜冶炼高砷烟尘浸出特性研究[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(3):1124-1128.LIU Hai-lang,HE Sen,SONG Xiang-rong,LUO Zhong-qiu,XIA Ju-pei.On the leachability of high arsenic smoke-dust from the copper smelting processing[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(3):1124-1128.
[13]张旭,刘志宏,李玉虎,刘智勇,李启厚.苛性碱溶液氧压浸出高砷锑烟尘[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(5):1390-1396.ZHANG Xu,LIU Zhi-hong,LI Yu-hu,LIU Zhi-yong,LI Qi-hou.Oxygen pressure leaching of arsenic and antimony bearing flue dust in NaOH solution[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(5):1390-1396.
[14]GUO Xue-yi,YI Yu,SHI Jing,TIAN Qing-hua.Leaching behavior of metals from high-arsenic dust by NaOH-Na2Salkaline leaching[J]Transaction of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(3):575-580.
[15]胡鑫,王少龙,雷霆,巫旭.从砷锑烟尘中回收锑的试验研究[J].矿冶,2014,23(6):36-39.HU Xin,WANG Shao-long,LEI Ting,WU Xu.Experimental study on recovery of antimony form arsenic antimony fumes[J].Mining and Metallurgy,2014,23(6):36-39.
[16]JAROSIKOVA A,ETTLER V,MIHALJEVIC M,DRAHOTA P,CULKA A,RACEK M.Characterization and pH-dependent environmental stability of arsenic trioxide-containing copper smelter flue dust[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,209:71-80.
[17]PENG Ying-lin,ZHENG Ya-jie,ZHOU Wen-ke,CHEN Wen-mi.Separation and recovery of Cu and As during purification of copper electrolyte[J].Transaction of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(9):2268-2273.
[18]韩煦,安学良,宋雅琴,陈澄,任海涛.Fe(Ⅱ)盐氧化絮凝对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的去除[J].天津工业大学学报,2017,36(2):31-36.HAN Xu,AN Xue-liang,SONG Ya-qin,CHEN Cheng,RENHai-tao.Removal of As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ)by ferrous salt oxidation flocculation[J].Journal of Tianjin Polytechnic University,2017,36(2):31-36.
[19]JIANG Guo-min,PENG Bing,CHAI Li-yuan,WANG Qing-wei,SHI Mei-qing,WANG Yun-yan,LIU Hui.Cascade sulfidation and separation of copper and arsenic from acidic wastewater via gas-liquid reaction[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27(5):925-931.
[20]张明琴,周新涛,罗中秋,郝旭涛,何欢,石桂杰.石灰-铁盐法处理工业含砷废水研究进展[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(8):2447-2453.ZHANG Ming-qin,ZHUO Xin-tao,LUO Zhong-qiu,HAOXu-tao,HE Huan,SHI Gui-jie.Treatment of arsenic-bearing industrial wastewater by lime-ferric salt method[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2016,35(8):2447-2453.
[21]李思唯,刘志宏,刘智勇,李玉虎,李启厚.铜闪速熔炼电收高砷烟尘硫酸化焙烧脱砷试验研究[J].湿法冶金,2017,36(4):336-341.LI Si-wei,LIU Zhi-hong,LIU Zhi-yong,LI Yu-hu,LI Qi-hou.Removal of arsenic from ESP dust of copper flash smelting by sulphating roasting[J].Hydrometallurgy of China,2017,36(4):336-341.