岩石巷道“多阶段”掏槽技术及应用研究
|
摘要
岩巷掘进速度的关键在掏槽,针对现阶段直眼和楔形掏槽技术的特点,克服深孔掏槽爆破效果差的难题,研发多阶段掏槽技术,以二阶二段为对象进行成腔理论分析,二阶二段掏槽将传统掏槽一次爆破变换为一深一浅两次爆破,改变了掏槽区炸药能量释放的顺序,二阶掏槽夹制力变小,同时中心孔的预裂作用有利于提高二阶掏槽孔的爆破效果;通过模型分析得到掏槽成腔阻力和动力公式,确定槽腔形成应该满足的条件,并从掏槽成腔克服腔壁摩擦阻力和抗拉阻力角度,分析得到一阶掏槽和中心孔先爆破更有利于爆破成腔;建立一阶和二阶掏槽的体积关系公式,确定二阶二段掏槽参数确定公式,提出不同岩性条件下掏槽参数的取值范围,为确定掏槽参数提供参考。工程实践表明,二阶二段掏槽在爆破进尺、炮孔利用率等参数方面明显优于普通的楔形掏槽技术,具有良好的适用性。
Cutting blasting is the key to the driving speed of the rock roadway. According to the characteristics of straight-hole and wedge shaped cutting technology,a multi-step cutting technology was developed to overcome the problem of poor blasting effect of the deep hole cutting. Taking the two-step cutting as an object,analysis of cavity theory was carried out. The result shows that two-step cutting changes the cutting blasting into one deep and one shallow cutting,which changes the order of the energy release of the explosive in the cutting area. The clamping force of the second cut blasting becomes smaller,at the same time,the pre-cracking effect of the central hole is beneficial to improve the blasting effect of the second cut hole. The cavity resistance and dynamic formula were obtained through model analysis. Based on the determination of the condition that the cavity formation should be satisfied,it was analyzed that the first cutting and the first blasting of the central hole are more favorable for blasting cavity from the point of overcoming the frictional resistance and the tensile resistance of the cavity wall during cutting. The volume relationship formulas of the first and second cuttings were established,and the formula for determining two-step cutting parameters was proposed. The ranges of the cutting parameters under different lithology conditions were determined,which provides a reference for determining the parameters of the cut blast hole. The practice shows that two-step cutting is obviously better than the ordinary wedge cutting technology in the technical parameters such as the blasting footage and the utilization of blast hole,and has good applicability.
Cutting blasting is the key to the driving speed of the rock roadway. According to the characteristics of straight-hole and wedge shaped cutting technology,a multi-step cutting technology was developed to overcome the problem of poor blasting effect of the deep hole cutting. Taking the two-step cutting as an object,analysis of cavity theory was carried out. The result shows that two-step cutting changes the cutting blasting into one deep and one shallow cutting,which changes the order of the energy release of the explosive in the cutting area. The clamping force of the second cut blasting becomes smaller,at the same time,the pre-cracking effect of the central hole is beneficial to improve the blasting effect of the second cut hole. The cavity resistance and dynamic formula were obtained through model analysis. Based on the determination of the condition that the cavity formation should be satisfied,it was analyzed that the first cutting and the first blasting of the central hole are more favorable for blasting cavity from the point of overcoming the frictional resistance and the tensile resistance of the cavity wall during cutting. The volume relationship formulas of the first and second cuttings were established,and the formula for determining two-step cutting parameters was proposed. The ranges of the cutting parameters under different lithology conditions were determined,which provides a reference for determining the parameters of the cut blast hole. The practice shows that two-step cutting is obviously better than the ordinary wedge cutting technology in the technical parameters such as the blasting footage and the utilization of blast hole,and has good applicability.
引文
[1]杨仁树.我国煤矿岩巷安全高效掘进技术现状与展望[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(9):18-23.(YANG Renshu.Present status and outlook on safety and high efficient heading technology of mine rock roadway in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(9):18-23.(in Chinese))
[2]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984:30-35.(WANG Wenlong.Drilling and blasting[M].Beijing:Coal Industry Press,1984:30-35.(in Chinese))
[3]杨仁树,张召冉,杨立云,等.基于硬岩快掘技术的切缝药包聚能爆破试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(2):317-323.(YANG Renshu,ZHANG Zhaoran,YANG Liyun,et al.Cumulative blasting experiment study of slotted cartridge based on hard-rock rapid driving technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(2):317-323.(in Chinese))
[4]张炜,张东升,邵鹏,等.深部高应力岩巷快速钻爆施工技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1):43-48.(ZHANG Wei,ZHANG Dongsheng,SHAO Peng,et al.Fast drilling and blasting construction technology for deep high stress rock roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(1):43-48.(in Chinese))
[5]龚敏,文斌,王华.掏槽参数对煤矿岩巷爆破效果的影响[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(4):576-584.(GONG Min,WEN Bin,WANGHua.Influences of cut parameters on blasting effect in rock roadway of coal mine[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(4):576-584.(in Chinese))
[6]汪海波,宗琦,赵要才.立井大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆炸应力场数值模拟分析与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增1):3 223-3 229.(WANG Haibo,ZONG Qi,ZHAO Yaocai.Numerical Analysis and application of large diameter cavity parallel cut blasting stress field in vertical shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.1):3 223-3 229.(in Chinese))
[7]张奇,杨永琦,员永峰,等.直眼掏槽爆破效果的影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2):144-147.(ZHANG Qi,YANG Yongqi,YUAN Yongfeng,et al.Study on the factors affecting parallel hole cut blasting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(2):144-147.(in Chinese))
[8]李启月,李夕兵,范作鹏,等.深孔爆破一次成井技术与应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):664-670.(LI Qiyue,LI Xibing,FAN Zuopeng,et al.One time deep hole raise blasting technology and case study[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(4):664-670.(in Chinese))
[9]龚敏,王灿华,梁立勋,等.硬岩掘进中主要爆破参数的确定与作用[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(7):1 526-1 533.(GONG Min,WANGCanhua,LIANG Lixun,et al.Function analysis and confirming method of key blasting parameters for excavating in hard rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(7):1 526-1 533.(in Chinese))
[10]杨国梁,姜琳琳,杨仁树.复式楔形深孔掏槽爆破研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(5):755-760.(YANG Guoliang,JIANGLinlin,YANG Renshu.Investigation of cut blasting with duplex wedge deep holes[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2013,42(5):755-760.(in Chinese))
[11]袁文华,马芹永,黄伟.楔形掏槽微差爆破模型试验与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增1):3 352-3 356.(YUAN Wenhua,MA Qinyong,HUANG Wei.Model experiment and analysis of wedge-shaped cutting millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.1):3 352-3 356.(in Chinese))
[12]李廷春,刘洪强.煤矿下山巷道爆破掘进技术试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(1):35-40.(LI Tingchun,LIU Hongqiang.Experimental study of blasting technology of dip roadway excavation in coal mine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(1):35-40.(in Chinese))
[13]余永强,王超,褚怀保,等.硬岩巷道中深孔爆破掘进复楔形掏槽试验研究[J].爆破,2013,30(2):95-99.(YU Yongqiang,WANGChao,CHU Huaibao,et al.Duplex wedge cutting on mid-depth borehole tunneling blasting in hard rock[J].Blasting,2013,30(2):95-99.(in Chinese))
[14]袁文华,马芹永.煤矿深部岩石力学性能试验分析与硬岩巷道快速掘进方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2 853-2 857.(YUAN Wenhua,MA Qinyong.Study of rock mechanical propertise and rapid excavation method for hard rock roadways in deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):2 853-2 857.(in Chinese))
[15]陈士海,魏海霞,薛爱芝.坚硬岩石巷道中深孔掏槽爆破试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3 498-3 502.(CHENShihai,WEI Haixia,XUE Aizhi.Testing study on middle deep cut-hole blasting in hard rock tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 498-3 502.(in Chinese))
[16]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,2001,20(2):144-147.(DAI Jun.Calculation of radii of the broken and carcked areas in rock by a long charge explosion[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University:Nature Science,2001,20(2):144-147.(in Chinese))
[17]宗琦.岩石内爆炸应力波破裂区半径的计算[J].爆破,1994,21(2):15-17.(ZONG Qi.Calculation of radius of rupture zone of explosive stress wave in rock[J].Blasting,1994,21(2):15-17.(in Chinese))
[18]张奇.岩石爆破的粉碎区及其空腔膨胀[J].爆炸与冲击,1990,10(1):68-75.(ZHANG Qi.Smash districts and expanding of cavities in rock blasting[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1990,10(1):68-75.(in Chinese))
[19]刘洪永.远程采动煤岩体变形与卸压瓦斯流动气固耦合动力学模型及其应用研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(7):1 243-1 244.(LIUHongyong.Fully coupled model and engineering application for deformation and pressure-relief gas flow of remote coal and rock mass due to mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(7):1 243-1 244.(in Chinese))
[2]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984:30-35.(WANG Wenlong.Drilling and blasting[M].Beijing:Coal Industry Press,1984:30-35.(in Chinese))
[3]杨仁树,张召冉,杨立云,等.基于硬岩快掘技术的切缝药包聚能爆破试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(2):317-323.(YANG Renshu,ZHANG Zhaoran,YANG Liyun,et al.Cumulative blasting experiment study of slotted cartridge based on hard-rock rapid driving technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(2):317-323.(in Chinese))
[4]张炜,张东升,邵鹏,等.深部高应力岩巷快速钻爆施工技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1):43-48.(ZHANG Wei,ZHANG Dongsheng,SHAO Peng,et al.Fast drilling and blasting construction technology for deep high stress rock roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(1):43-48.(in Chinese))
[5]龚敏,文斌,王华.掏槽参数对煤矿岩巷爆破效果的影响[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(4):576-584.(GONG Min,WEN Bin,WANGHua.Influences of cut parameters on blasting effect in rock roadway of coal mine[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(4):576-584.(in Chinese))
[6]汪海波,宗琦,赵要才.立井大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆炸应力场数值模拟分析与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增1):3 223-3 229.(WANG Haibo,ZONG Qi,ZHAO Yaocai.Numerical Analysis and application of large diameter cavity parallel cut blasting stress field in vertical shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.1):3 223-3 229.(in Chinese))
[7]张奇,杨永琦,员永峰,等.直眼掏槽爆破效果的影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2):144-147.(ZHANG Qi,YANG Yongqi,YUAN Yongfeng,et al.Study on the factors affecting parallel hole cut blasting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(2):144-147.(in Chinese))
[8]李启月,李夕兵,范作鹏,等.深孔爆破一次成井技术与应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):664-670.(LI Qiyue,LI Xibing,FAN Zuopeng,et al.One time deep hole raise blasting technology and case study[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(4):664-670.(in Chinese))
[9]龚敏,王灿华,梁立勋,等.硬岩掘进中主要爆破参数的确定与作用[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(7):1 526-1 533.(GONG Min,WANGCanhua,LIANG Lixun,et al.Function analysis and confirming method of key blasting parameters for excavating in hard rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(7):1 526-1 533.(in Chinese))
[10]杨国梁,姜琳琳,杨仁树.复式楔形深孔掏槽爆破研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(5):755-760.(YANG Guoliang,JIANGLinlin,YANG Renshu.Investigation of cut blasting with duplex wedge deep holes[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2013,42(5):755-760.(in Chinese))
[11]袁文华,马芹永,黄伟.楔形掏槽微差爆破模型试验与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增1):3 352-3 356.(YUAN Wenhua,MA Qinyong,HUANG Wei.Model experiment and analysis of wedge-shaped cutting millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.1):3 352-3 356.(in Chinese))
[12]李廷春,刘洪强.煤矿下山巷道爆破掘进技术试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(1):35-40.(LI Tingchun,LIU Hongqiang.Experimental study of blasting technology of dip roadway excavation in coal mine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(1):35-40.(in Chinese))
[13]余永强,王超,褚怀保,等.硬岩巷道中深孔爆破掘进复楔形掏槽试验研究[J].爆破,2013,30(2):95-99.(YU Yongqiang,WANGChao,CHU Huaibao,et al.Duplex wedge cutting on mid-depth borehole tunneling blasting in hard rock[J].Blasting,2013,30(2):95-99.(in Chinese))
[14]袁文华,马芹永.煤矿深部岩石力学性能试验分析与硬岩巷道快速掘进方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2 853-2 857.(YUAN Wenhua,MA Qinyong.Study of rock mechanical propertise and rapid excavation method for hard rock roadways in deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):2 853-2 857.(in Chinese))
[15]陈士海,魏海霞,薛爱芝.坚硬岩石巷道中深孔掏槽爆破试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3 498-3 502.(CHENShihai,WEI Haixia,XUE Aizhi.Testing study on middle deep cut-hole blasting in hard rock tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 498-3 502.(in Chinese))
[16]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,2001,20(2):144-147.(DAI Jun.Calculation of radii of the broken and carcked areas in rock by a long charge explosion[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University:Nature Science,2001,20(2):144-147.(in Chinese))
[17]宗琦.岩石内爆炸应力波破裂区半径的计算[J].爆破,1994,21(2):15-17.(ZONG Qi.Calculation of radius of rupture zone of explosive stress wave in rock[J].Blasting,1994,21(2):15-17.(in Chinese))
[18]张奇.岩石爆破的粉碎区及其空腔膨胀[J].爆炸与冲击,1990,10(1):68-75.(ZHANG Qi.Smash districts and expanding of cavities in rock blasting[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1990,10(1):68-75.(in Chinese))
[19]刘洪永.远程采动煤岩体变形与卸压瓦斯流动气固耦合动力学模型及其应用研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(7):1 243-1 244.(LIUHongyong.Fully coupled model and engineering application for deformation and pressure-relief gas flow of remote coal and rock mass due to mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(7):1 243-1 244.(in Chinese))