预控顶分段嗣后充填采矿法的优化及应用实践
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摘要
本文以某缓倾斜中厚破碎磷矿床为研究对象,提出了预控顶分段嗣后充填的开采方案。为解决生产过程中采切比大、护顶工艺复杂、生产能力低等问题,研究了脉内采准的工程布置方式,借助数值模拟手段分析采场围岩的稳定性,确定了合理的开采结构参数,同时结合树脂锚杆+湿喷砼的锚喷联合护顶、磷石膏基复合材料嗣后充填等工艺,最终实现了资源的安全、高效、绿色回采。工程应用表明:采用分段高16m,矿房宽度6m,上部切顶高度4m,下部回采段高12m的开采结构,可保证采场围岩的稳定性,采场生产能力约3 000t/d,贫化率约5%,回收率约86%,采切比约61m3/kt,具有较好的应用效果,为类似工程提供了借鉴意义。
In this paper,agently inclined medium-thick phosphate orebody was taken as the research object,and the pre-controlling roof and sublevel open-stope mining with subsequent filling method was proposed to exploit it.In order to solve the problems in practical production,such as large rate of mining-cut ratio,more complex process for controlling roof stability,and lower production capacity.The method with extraction roadway arranging in orebody was study,and numerical simulation method was used to analyze the stability of surrounding rock in order to obtain the reasonable mining structure parameters.Furthermore,some technologies such as spray anchor net roof support,cemented phosphgypsum backfill,etc.,have been comprehensively applied,at last,the safety,efficiency and green mining of resources was realized.The industrial application shows that:the mining structural parameters of sublevel room with height of 16 m,width of 6 m,cutting height under roof of 4 mand mining height in the bottom of 12 m,can guarante the roof stability.Stope production capacity is about 3000 t/d,the dilution rate is about 5%,the recovery rate is about 86%,the rate of mining-cut ratio is 61 m3/kt.This mining method has a better application effect,and provides a reference for similar projects.
In this paper,agently inclined medium-thick phosphate orebody was taken as the research object,and the pre-controlling roof and sublevel open-stope mining with subsequent filling method was proposed to exploit it.In order to solve the problems in practical production,such as large rate of mining-cut ratio,more complex process for controlling roof stability,and lower production capacity.The method with extraction roadway arranging in orebody was study,and numerical simulation method was used to analyze the stability of surrounding rock in order to obtain the reasonable mining structure parameters.Furthermore,some technologies such as spray anchor net roof support,cemented phosphgypsum backfill,etc.,have been comprehensively applied,at last,the safety,efficiency and green mining of resources was realized.The industrial application shows that:the mining structural parameters of sublevel room with height of 16 m,width of 6 m,cutting height under roof of 4 mand mining height in the bottom of 12 m,can guarante the roof stability.Stope production capacity is about 3000 t/d,the dilution rate is about 5%,the recovery rate is about 86%,the rate of mining-cut ratio is 61 m3/kt.This mining method has a better application effect,and provides a reference for similar projects.
引文
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[11]王少勇,吴爱祥,韩斌,等.湿喷混凝土+树脂锚杆耦合支护的力学模型[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(8):3486-3492.WANG Shaoyong,WU Aixiang,HAN Bin,et al.Mechanical model of wet shotcrete+resin bolt coupling support[J].Journal of Central South University,2013,44(8):3486-3492.
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[13]张晋军,施发伍,刘晓辉,等.“湿喷+树脂锚杆”联合支护技术应用研究[J].现代矿业,2013,29(2):12-15.ZHANG Jinjun,SHI Fawu,LIU Xiaohui,et al.Study of application of“mechanization of wet shotcrete plus resin bolt”combined support technology[J].Modern Mining,2013,29(2):12-15.
[14]姚高辉,吴爱祥,王洪江.地下矿山大型机械化高效喷锚支护技术应用研究[J].金属矿山,2009(10):126-130.YAO Gaohui,WU Aixiang,WANG Hongjiang.Research on the application of large efficient mechanized shotcrete-bolt support technology in underground mine[J].Metal Mine,2009(10):126-130.
[2]赵永峰,张雄天,马红福,等.缓倾斜中厚矿体高效采矿方法研究[J].金属矿山,2016(6):19-23.ZHAO Yongfeng,ZHANG Xiongtian,MA Hongfu,et al.Research of efficient mining method in slowly inclined medium thick orebody[J].Metal Mine,2016(6):19-23.
[3]余健,黄兴益,吴东旭,等.缓倾斜中厚矿体机械化采矿理论与技术[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2005(6):1107-1111.YU Jian,HUANG Xingyi,WU Dongxu,et al.Theory and technology on trackless mining of gentle dip multi-strata ores of medium size[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2005(6):1107-1111.
[4]李安平,刘洋树,皇甫风成,等.破碎围岩矿体预控顶分段空场嗣后充填法的研究与实践[J].矿业研究与开发,2014,34(1):1-3.LI Anping,LIU Yangshu,HUANGPU Fengcheng,et al.Study and application on precontrolling of roof and sublevel open-stope mining with subsequent filling method for fractured surrounding rock[J].Mining Research&Development,2014,34(1):1-3.
[5]范作鹏.深部厚大破碎矿体强化开采理论与实践[D].长沙:中南大学,2013.
[6]李铁一,王洋,王康,等.分段凿岩阶段嗣后充填法在金山店铁矿的试验研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2015,35(5):34-38.LI Tieyi,WANG Yang,WANG Kang,et al.Experimental study on stage backfilling method with sublevel drilling in Jinshandian iron mine[J].Mining Research&Development,2015,35(5):34-38.
[7]GUO Y,HOU K.Stope structural parameters optimization of gently inclined and extremely thin orebody with room and pillar mining method[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,19:3707-3718.
[8]李启月,刘恺,李夕兵.基于协同回采的深部厚大矿体分段充填采矿法[J].工程科学学报,2016,38(11):1515-1521.LI Qiyue,LIU Kai,LI Xibing.Sublevel filling method for a heavy orebody in deep mining based on collaborative stoping[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2016,38(11):1515-1521.
[9]GUO Y,HOU K,YANG B.Roof stability analysis of sublevel open stope method in gently inclined and extremely thin orebody[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,19:2277-2288.
[10]HUI C,LIAN KX,LI JG,et al.Rock mechanics study on the safety and efficient extraction for deep moderately inclined medium-thick orebody[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,20(18):11073-11082.
[11]王少勇,吴爱祥,韩斌,等.湿喷混凝土+树脂锚杆耦合支护的力学模型[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(8):3486-3492.WANG Shaoyong,WU Aixiang,HAN Bin,et al.Mechanical model of wet shotcrete+resin bolt coupling support[J].Journal of Central South University,2013,44(8):3486-3492.
[12]韩斌,王贤来,文有道.不良岩体巷道的湿喷混凝土支护技术[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(6):2381-2385.HAN Bin,WANG Xianlai,WEN Youdao.Drift support technology with wet shotcrete method in weak rock mass[J].Journal of Central South University,2010,41(6):2381-2385.
[13]张晋军,施发伍,刘晓辉,等.“湿喷+树脂锚杆”联合支护技术应用研究[J].现代矿业,2013,29(2):12-15.ZHANG Jinjun,SHI Fawu,LIU Xiaohui,et al.Study of application of“mechanization of wet shotcrete plus resin bolt”combined support technology[J].Modern Mining,2013,29(2):12-15.
[14]姚高辉,吴爱祥,王洪江.地下矿山大型机械化高效喷锚支护技术应用研究[J].金属矿山,2009(10):126-130.YAO Gaohui,WU Aixiang,WANG Hongjiang.Research on the application of large efficient mechanized shotcrete-bolt support technology in underground mine[J].Metal Mine,2009(10):126-130.