太阳能热水器研究近况与展望
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摘要
太阳能热水器是一种收集太阳辐射并转换成热能的装置。重点回顾了近年来太阳能热水器高效利用技术的研究和发展状况,主要包括太阳能集热器的优化改进、热水器运行策略制定、将太阳能热水系统与其他能源设备的结合使用等方面。通过综述近年来的相关文献资料发现,提高太阳能热水器集热和换热性能仍是提高太阳能热水器效率的最直接措施,但基于现有技术改善太阳能热水器的运行方式,以及协调使用太阳能与其他能源的热水器也能提高热水器的效率。最后笔者从运行控制策略的角度提出了针对太阳能热水器高效利用的设想和潜在的研究方向。
Solar water heater is a kind of device that collects solar radiation and converts solar into heat for heating the water. This paper focuses on the research and development of efficient utilization of solar water heaters in recent years,including the optimization and improvement of solar collectors,the operation strategy of water heaters and the combination of solar water heating systems and other energy equipment. By reviewing relevant literatures in recent years,it is found that improving the heat collecting and heat transfer performance of solar water heaters is still the most direct measure to enhance the efficiency of solar water heaters. However,the operation mode of solar water heaters based on the prior technology and the use of solar water heaters combined with other energy can also improve the efficiency of water heaters. Finally,the author proposes the idea and potential research directions for high efficient utilization of solar water heaters from the perspective of operational control strategy.
Solar water heater is a kind of device that collects solar radiation and converts solar into heat for heating the water. This paper focuses on the research and development of efficient utilization of solar water heaters in recent years,including the optimization and improvement of solar collectors,the operation strategy of water heaters and the combination of solar water heating systems and other energy equipment. By reviewing relevant literatures in recent years,it is found that improving the heat collecting and heat transfer performance of solar water heaters is still the most direct measure to enhance the efficiency of solar water heaters. However,the operation mode of solar water heaters based on the prior technology and the use of solar water heaters combined with other energy can also improve the efficiency of water heaters. Finally,the author proposes the idea and potential research directions for high efficient utilization of solar water heaters from the perspective of operational control strategy.
引文
[1]孙如军,卫江红.太阳能热利用技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2017.
[2]SHARIAH A M,ROUSAN A,ROUSAN K K,et al. Effect of thermal conductivity of absorber plate on the performance of a solar water heater[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,1999,19(7):733-741.
[3]赵宏伟,胡明辅.太阳能吸热板芯结构的优化设计[J].应用能源技术,2008(10):5-7.
[4]李啸宇,唐润生.太阳能热水器安装倾角的优化[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(4):10-16.
[5]黄祝连,张昕宇,邓昱,等.环境温度对太阳能热水器日有用得热量测试的影响[J].建筑科学,2011,27(S2):136-138.
[6]徐立,李鑫,原郭丰,等.太阳位置对抛物面槽式太阳能集热器运行影响[J].工程热物理学报,2013,34(12):2359-2362.
[7]李啸宇,唐润生.太阳能热水器安装倾角的优化[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(4):10-16.
[8]杨庆,丁昀,周朝晖,等.考虑热负荷的太阳能热水系统集热器最佳倾角确定[J].太阳能学报,2007(3):309-313.
[9]Mousazaeh H. A review of principal and sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output[Z]. Renew able and Sustainable Energy Review s,2009,13:1800-1818.
[10]Mojtaba Moravej,Abdolkarim Soozanyar. An Experimental Investigation of the Efficiency of a Stationary Helical Solar Water Heater[J]. Current World Environment,2017,12(2):250-257.
[11]Al-Madani Hussain. The performance of a cylindrical solar water heater[J]. Renew able Energy,2006,31(11):1751-1763.
[12]魏生贤,李明,季旭,等.太阳能平板集热器件纵横比与板间距优化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):225-230.
[13]孙学斌.太阳能集热系统的发展及技术革新[J].太阳能,2016,(5):23-26.
[14]闫素英,皇海燕,田瑞,等.全玻璃真空太阳能热水器强化换热机理分析[J].工程热物理学报,2012,33(3):485-488.
[15]HOSSAIN M S,SAIDUR R,FAYAZ H,et al. Review on solar water heater collector and thermal energy performance of circulating pipe[J].Renew able and Sustainable Energy Review s,2011,15(8):3801-3812.
[16]赵海鸥,李旭光,赵娟,等.不同倾角太阳能热水器北京地区热性能试验研究[J].太阳能,2013(24):54-56.
[17]张涛,韩吉田,田瑞,等.全玻璃真空管太阳能集热器对流换热试验与模拟[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):206-212.
[18]闫素英,田瑞,于文艳,等.全玻璃真空太阳能热水器内流场的影响因素分析[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(4):641-643.
[19]闫素英,田瑞,于文艳,等.玻璃真空管内插热管式太阳热水系统热性能研究[J].太阳能学报,2009,30(8):1037-1042.
[20]徐吉富,朱跃钊,蒋金柱,等.太阳能真空管热管式集热管温度场及流场分析[J].流体机械,2009,37(2):61-64.
[21]ARAB M,SOLTANIEH M,SHAFII M B. Experimental investigation of extra-long pulsating heat pipe application in solar w ater heaters[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2012,42(5):6-15.
[22]马鹏军,耿庆芬,刘刚.太阳能光谱选择性吸收涂层研究进展[J].材料导报,2015,29(1):48-53.
[23]王聪,代蓓蓓,于佳玉,等.太阳光电、光热转换材料的研究现状与进展[J].硅酸盐学报,2017(11):1555-1567.
[24]Ljiljana T. Kosti,Zoran T. Pavlovi. Optimal position of flat plate reflectors of solar thermal collector[J]. Energy and Buildings,2012,45(2):161-168.
[25]赵玉兰,张红,战栋栋,等. CPC热管式真空管集热器的集热效率研究[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(9):1022-1025.
[26]PEI Gang,LI Guiqiang,ZHOU Xi,et al. Experimental study and exergetic analysis of a CPC-type solar w ater heater system using highertemperature circulation in w inter[J]. Solar Energy,2012,86(5):1280-1286.
[27]宋爱国,栗加顺.平板式与真空管式太阳热水器热性能分析比较[J].太阳能,2000(4):23.
[28]王世锋,胡亚才,俞自涛.蜂窝热管平板式太阳能热水器的实验研究[J].能源工程,2003(6):15-17.
[29]VRIES F W D H,KAMMINGA W,FRANCKEN J C. Fluid circulation control in conventional and heat pipe planar solar collectors[J]. Solar Energy,1980,24(2):209-213.
[30]HULL J R. Analysis of Heat Transfer Factors for a Heat Pipe Absorber Array Connected to a Common M anifold[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,1986,108(1):11-16.
[31]张诗针.蜂窝结构太阳能集热器的机理及试验研究[J].太阳能学报,1982(3):252-260.
[32]胡亚才,魏林生,洪荣华,等.真空玻璃盖板热管平板式太阳能热水器的研制[J].热科学与技术,2005(2):178-182.
[33]赵耀华,邹飞龙,刁彦华.新型平板热管式太阳能集热技术[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(12):2061-2064.
[34]韩欣科.太阳能热泵复合热水系统节能优化控制研究与应用[D].杭州:杭州电子科技大学,2016.
[35]旷玉辉,王如竹,于立强.太阳能热泵供热系统的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2002,23(4):408-413.
[36]REID R L,MCGRAW A B,BEDINGER A F G. Performance of Series Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Systems in TECH House I[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,1985,107(4):293.
[37]REID R L,BEDINGER A F G,MCGRAW A B. A Comparison of Three Years of Performance for Air-to-Air Parallel Solar Heat Pump System in TECH House IV[J]. J Sol Energy Eng,1985,107(4):297.
[38]韩欣科.太阳能热泵复合热水系统节能优化控制研究与应用[D].杭州:杭州电子科技大学,2016.
[39]CHOW T T,PEI G,FONG K F,et al. Modeling and application of direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump for w ater heating in subtropical Hong Kong[J]. Applied Energy,2010,87(2):643-649.
[40]旷玉辉,王如竹,许煜雄.直膨式太阳能热泵供热水系统的性能研究[J].工程热物理学报,2004(5):737-740.
[41]Xiaolin Sun,Yanjun Dai,NOVAKOVIC V,et al. Performance Comparison of Direct Expansion Solar-assisted Heat Pump and Conventional Air Source Heat Pump for Domestic Hot Water[J]. Energy Procedia,2015,70:394-401.
[42]黎珍,田琦,董旭.太原地区太阳能耦合空气源热泵一体化热水系统性能分析[J].华侨大学学报:自然科学版,2017,38(5):670-675.
[43]吴薇,卫梁彦,程清,等.蓄能型太阳能热泵热水器性能系数的分析[J].江苏大学学报:自然科学版,2011,32(6):667-671.
[44]李建忠.单片机原理与应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2009.
[45]段晓飞.太阳能发展前景及应用研究[J].现代商贸工业,2010,22(20):283-284.
[46]曾健平,谢海情,周永峰.智能太阳能热水器水温水位控制系统[J].计量技术,2006(12):13-16.
[47]CEYLAN I. Energy and exergy analyses of a temperature controlled solar w ater heater[J]. Energy and Buildings,2012,47(3):630-635.
[48]陈红兵,李强,陈希琳,等.集中式太阳能热水系统的性能研究[J].可再生能源,2017,35(4):613-620.
[49]ROSEN M A. The exergy of stratified thermal energy storages[J].Solar Energy,2001,71(3):173-185.
[50]SHAH L J,FURBO S. Entrance effects in solar storage tanks[J]. Solar Energy,2003,75(4):337-348.
[51]Kalogirou. Performance enhancement of an integrated collector storage hot w ater system[J]. Renew able Energy,1999,16:652-655.
[52]MADHLOPA A,MGAWI R,TAULO J. Experimental study of temperature stratification in an integrated collector–storage solar w ater heater w ith tw o horizontal tanks[J]. Solar Energy,2006,80(8):989-1002.
[53]王晓丹,饶政华,孙炜,等.太阳能与空气源热泵联合供热水系统控制策略的研究[J].太阳能,2016(4):54-59.
[54]陈希琳,郝斌,彭琛,等.住宅太阳能生活热水系统测试与调查研究[J].建筑科学,2015,31(10):154-161.
[55]罗运俊,王玉华,陶桢.太阳能热水器及系统[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015.
[2]SHARIAH A M,ROUSAN A,ROUSAN K K,et al. Effect of thermal conductivity of absorber plate on the performance of a solar water heater[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,1999,19(7):733-741.
[3]赵宏伟,胡明辅.太阳能吸热板芯结构的优化设计[J].应用能源技术,2008(10):5-7.
[4]李啸宇,唐润生.太阳能热水器安装倾角的优化[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(4):10-16.
[5]黄祝连,张昕宇,邓昱,等.环境温度对太阳能热水器日有用得热量测试的影响[J].建筑科学,2011,27(S2):136-138.
[6]徐立,李鑫,原郭丰,等.太阳位置对抛物面槽式太阳能集热器运行影响[J].工程热物理学报,2013,34(12):2359-2362.
[7]李啸宇,唐润生.太阳能热水器安装倾角的优化[J].云南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,37(4):10-16.
[8]杨庆,丁昀,周朝晖,等.考虑热负荷的太阳能热水系统集热器最佳倾角确定[J].太阳能学报,2007(3):309-313.
[9]Mousazaeh H. A review of principal and sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output[Z]. Renew able and Sustainable Energy Review s,2009,13:1800-1818.
[10]Mojtaba Moravej,Abdolkarim Soozanyar. An Experimental Investigation of the Efficiency of a Stationary Helical Solar Water Heater[J]. Current World Environment,2017,12(2):250-257.
[11]Al-Madani Hussain. The performance of a cylindrical solar water heater[J]. Renew able Energy,2006,31(11):1751-1763.
[12]魏生贤,李明,季旭,等.太阳能平板集热器件纵横比与板间距优化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):225-230.
[13]孙学斌.太阳能集热系统的发展及技术革新[J].太阳能,2016,(5):23-26.
[14]闫素英,皇海燕,田瑞,等.全玻璃真空太阳能热水器强化换热机理分析[J].工程热物理学报,2012,33(3):485-488.
[15]HOSSAIN M S,SAIDUR R,FAYAZ H,et al. Review on solar water heater collector and thermal energy performance of circulating pipe[J].Renew able and Sustainable Energy Review s,2011,15(8):3801-3812.
[16]赵海鸥,李旭光,赵娟,等.不同倾角太阳能热水器北京地区热性能试验研究[J].太阳能,2013(24):54-56.
[17]张涛,韩吉田,田瑞,等.全玻璃真空管太阳能集热器对流换热试验与模拟[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):206-212.
[18]闫素英,田瑞,于文艳,等.全玻璃真空太阳能热水器内流场的影响因素分析[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(4):641-643.
[19]闫素英,田瑞,于文艳,等.玻璃真空管内插热管式太阳热水系统热性能研究[J].太阳能学报,2009,30(8):1037-1042.
[20]徐吉富,朱跃钊,蒋金柱,等.太阳能真空管热管式集热管温度场及流场分析[J].流体机械,2009,37(2):61-64.
[21]ARAB M,SOLTANIEH M,SHAFII M B. Experimental investigation of extra-long pulsating heat pipe application in solar w ater heaters[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2012,42(5):6-15.
[22]马鹏军,耿庆芬,刘刚.太阳能光谱选择性吸收涂层研究进展[J].材料导报,2015,29(1):48-53.
[23]王聪,代蓓蓓,于佳玉,等.太阳光电、光热转换材料的研究现状与进展[J].硅酸盐学报,2017(11):1555-1567.
[24]Ljiljana T. Kosti,Zoran T. Pavlovi. Optimal position of flat plate reflectors of solar thermal collector[J]. Energy and Buildings,2012,45(2):161-168.
[25]赵玉兰,张红,战栋栋,等. CPC热管式真空管集热器的集热效率研究[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(9):1022-1025.
[26]PEI Gang,LI Guiqiang,ZHOU Xi,et al. Experimental study and exergetic analysis of a CPC-type solar w ater heater system using highertemperature circulation in w inter[J]. Solar Energy,2012,86(5):1280-1286.
[27]宋爱国,栗加顺.平板式与真空管式太阳热水器热性能分析比较[J].太阳能,2000(4):23.
[28]王世锋,胡亚才,俞自涛.蜂窝热管平板式太阳能热水器的实验研究[J].能源工程,2003(6):15-17.
[29]VRIES F W D H,KAMMINGA W,FRANCKEN J C. Fluid circulation control in conventional and heat pipe planar solar collectors[J]. Solar Energy,1980,24(2):209-213.
[30]HULL J R. Analysis of Heat Transfer Factors for a Heat Pipe Absorber Array Connected to a Common M anifold[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,1986,108(1):11-16.
[31]张诗针.蜂窝结构太阳能集热器的机理及试验研究[J].太阳能学报,1982(3):252-260.
[32]胡亚才,魏林生,洪荣华,等.真空玻璃盖板热管平板式太阳能热水器的研制[J].热科学与技术,2005(2):178-182.
[33]赵耀华,邹飞龙,刁彦华.新型平板热管式太阳能集热技术[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(12):2061-2064.
[34]韩欣科.太阳能热泵复合热水系统节能优化控制研究与应用[D].杭州:杭州电子科技大学,2016.
[35]旷玉辉,王如竹,于立强.太阳能热泵供热系统的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2002,23(4):408-413.
[36]REID R L,MCGRAW A B,BEDINGER A F G. Performance of Series Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Systems in TECH House I[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,1985,107(4):293.
[37]REID R L,BEDINGER A F G,MCGRAW A B. A Comparison of Three Years of Performance for Air-to-Air Parallel Solar Heat Pump System in TECH House IV[J]. J Sol Energy Eng,1985,107(4):297.
[38]韩欣科.太阳能热泵复合热水系统节能优化控制研究与应用[D].杭州:杭州电子科技大学,2016.
[39]CHOW T T,PEI G,FONG K F,et al. Modeling and application of direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump for w ater heating in subtropical Hong Kong[J]. Applied Energy,2010,87(2):643-649.
[40]旷玉辉,王如竹,许煜雄.直膨式太阳能热泵供热水系统的性能研究[J].工程热物理学报,2004(5):737-740.
[41]Xiaolin Sun,Yanjun Dai,NOVAKOVIC V,et al. Performance Comparison of Direct Expansion Solar-assisted Heat Pump and Conventional Air Source Heat Pump for Domestic Hot Water[J]. Energy Procedia,2015,70:394-401.
[42]黎珍,田琦,董旭.太原地区太阳能耦合空气源热泵一体化热水系统性能分析[J].华侨大学学报:自然科学版,2017,38(5):670-675.
[43]吴薇,卫梁彦,程清,等.蓄能型太阳能热泵热水器性能系数的分析[J].江苏大学学报:自然科学版,2011,32(6):667-671.
[44]李建忠.单片机原理与应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2009.
[45]段晓飞.太阳能发展前景及应用研究[J].现代商贸工业,2010,22(20):283-284.
[46]曾健平,谢海情,周永峰.智能太阳能热水器水温水位控制系统[J].计量技术,2006(12):13-16.
[47]CEYLAN I. Energy and exergy analyses of a temperature controlled solar w ater heater[J]. Energy and Buildings,2012,47(3):630-635.
[48]陈红兵,李强,陈希琳,等.集中式太阳能热水系统的性能研究[J].可再生能源,2017,35(4):613-620.
[49]ROSEN M A. The exergy of stratified thermal energy storages[J].Solar Energy,2001,71(3):173-185.
[50]SHAH L J,FURBO S. Entrance effects in solar storage tanks[J]. Solar Energy,2003,75(4):337-348.
[51]Kalogirou. Performance enhancement of an integrated collector storage hot w ater system[J]. Renew able Energy,1999,16:652-655.
[52]MADHLOPA A,MGAWI R,TAULO J. Experimental study of temperature stratification in an integrated collector–storage solar w ater heater w ith tw o horizontal tanks[J]. Solar Energy,2006,80(8):989-1002.
[53]王晓丹,饶政华,孙炜,等.太阳能与空气源热泵联合供热水系统控制策略的研究[J].太阳能,2016(4):54-59.
[54]陈希琳,郝斌,彭琛,等.住宅太阳能生活热水系统测试与调查研究[J].建筑科学,2015,31(10):154-161.
[55]罗运俊,王玉华,陶桢.太阳能热水器及系统[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015.