高州油茶花粉形态及其贮藏特征
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摘要
[目的]探究高州油茶花粉特征。[方法]通过纤维素酶法、扫描电镜法、养分测定、TTC染色法等方法对花粉数量、花粉形态、花粉养分含量及花粉贮藏特征进行研究。[结果]表明:(1)单枚花药的花粉量平均为2 699粒,单花花粉数平均为461 186粒;(2)高州油茶花粉大小属中等水平,极轴长44.66～54.08μm,赤道轴长27.38～34.29μm,呈长球形,赤道面观为长椭圆形,极面观为三裂圆形,花粉萌发孔在正常状态下为三(拟)孔沟型;(3)高州油茶花粉养分中全N、全P、全K、全Ca、全Mg、全Zn和全B的含量分别为58.72、7.73、8.65、1.94、1.22 g·kg~(-1)和135.93、2.73 mg·kg~(-1),全N、全P、全K、全Ca的含量与‘岑软2号’的差异不明显,全Zn和全B含量与‘岑软2号’的差异明显;(4)低温、干燥条件有利于高州油茶花粉的贮藏,4℃干燥贮藏60 d后花粉生活力保持在80%以上,-20℃干燥、-80℃干燥贮藏360 d后花粉生活力仍在30%以上。
[Objective] To explore the pollen characteristics of Camellia gauchowensis Chang.[Method] The methods of cellulase, SEM(scanning electron microscopy), nutrient determination and TTC staining were adopted to study the pollen quantity, pollen morphology, pollen nutrient content and storage characteristics.[Result] The results are as follows:(1) The average number of the pollen of single anther was 2 699, and the average number of pollen of single flower was 461 186.(2) The pollen size of C. gauchowensis was medium, the polar axis length was of 44.66-54.08μm, and the equatorial axis length was of 27.38-34.29 μm. The shape of pollen was long spherical, long oval in equatorial view and three lobed circular in polar view, the pollen was tricolporate grains in normal state.(3) The contents of total N, P, K, Ca, Mg in pollen were 58.72, 7.73, 8.65, 1.94, and 1.22 g·kg~(-1), there was little difference with C. oleifera ‘CenRuan 2'. The contents of total Zn and B were 135.93 mg·kg~(-1) and 2.73 mg·kg~(-1), significantly different from C. oleifera 'CenRuan 2'.(4) Low temperature and dry conditions were favorable to the storage of C. gauchowensis pollen. Pollen viability remained over 80% after 60 days' storage under the condition of 4℃, and over 30% after 360 days' storage under the conditions of -20℃, and -80℃.
[Objective] To explore the pollen characteristics of Camellia gauchowensis Chang.[Method] The methods of cellulase, SEM(scanning electron microscopy), nutrient determination and TTC staining were adopted to study the pollen quantity, pollen morphology, pollen nutrient content and storage characteristics.[Result] The results are as follows:(1) The average number of the pollen of single anther was 2 699, and the average number of pollen of single flower was 461 186.(2) The pollen size of C. gauchowensis was medium, the polar axis length was of 44.66-54.08μm, and the equatorial axis length was of 27.38-34.29 μm. The shape of pollen was long spherical, long oval in equatorial view and three lobed circular in polar view, the pollen was tricolporate grains in normal state.(3) The contents of total N, P, K, Ca, Mg in pollen were 58.72, 7.73, 8.65, 1.94, and 1.22 g·kg~(-1), there was little difference with C. oleifera ‘CenRuan 2'. The contents of total Zn and B were 135.93 mg·kg~(-1) and 2.73 mg·kg~(-1), significantly different from C. oleifera 'CenRuan 2'.(4) Low temperature and dry conditions were favorable to the storage of C. gauchowensis pollen. Pollen viability remained over 80% after 60 days' storage under the condition of 4℃, and over 30% after 360 days' storage under the conditions of -20℃, and -80℃.
引文
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[2] 陈剑锋,何晓玲,李锋,等. 油茶皂素不育剂对鼠类抗生育功能的实验研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2006, 17(1): 11-14.
[3] 曹林青,钟秋平,罗帅,等.干旱胁迫下油茶叶片结构特征的变化[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(3):136-143.
[4] 奚如春,邓小梅. 我国油茶产业化发展中的现状、要素及其优化[J]. 经济林研究,2005,23(1): 83-87.
[5] 林中弘,张国. 高州油茶的选育与丰产试验[J]. 经济林研究,1985,3(1): 84-86.
[6] 胡加新,李蕊萍,朱雯,等. 高州油茶光合生理特性[J]. 华南农业大学学报,2015,14(5): 111-116.
[7] Chen J, Yang X, Huang X, et al. Leaf transcriptome analysis of a subtropical evergreen broadleaf plant, wild oil-tea camellia (Camellia oleifera), revealing candidate genes for cold acclimation[J]. BMC GENOMICS,2017, 18(1): 211.
[8] 叶航,郭飞,黄彩丽,等. 陆川油茶种质资源评价与优良单株筛选[J]. 广西林业科学,2014, 43(1): 1-4.
[9] 胡冬南,牛德奎,张文元,等.钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(02):243-248.
[10] 奚如春,邓小梅,龚春,等.高亚油酸含量油茶优良无性系的选育[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):158-164.
[11] 常维霞,姚小华,龙伟,等. 4个油茶物种杂交亲和性分析[J]. 植物研究,2016,58(4): 527-534.
[12] 王湘南,陈永忠,彭邵锋,等. 5个油茶良种[J]. 林业科学,2008, 44(4): 173-174.
[13] 姚小华,王开良,黄勇,等.小果油茶不同居群种仁含油率及脂肪酸组分变异特征分析及评价[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(5):533-541.
[14] Quilichini T D, Grienenberger E, Douglas C J. The biosynthesis, composition and assembly of the outer pollen wall: A tough case to crack[J]. Phytochemistry, 2015, 113 (2): 170-182.
[15] 吴君,李因刚,柳新红,等.白花树花粉生活力检测方法与贮藏特性研究[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(1):17-23.
[16] 袁德义,谭晓风,胡青素,等. 油茶花粉特性及其不同贮藏条件下生活力的研究[J]. 浙江林业科技,2008, 37(5): 66-69.
[17] 王开发,王宪曾. 孢粉学概论[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社, 1983: 59-71.
[18] 何春燕,谭晓风,袁德义,等. 7种油茶花粉数量及花粉萌发率的测定[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2009, 29(1): 74-78.
[19] 王湘南. 油茶物候期及开花生物学特性研究[D]. 长沙:中南林业科技大学, 2011.
[20] 杨界,李燕,罗莉,等. 无机元素对狭叶重楼花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报,2009, 27(2): 199-202.
[21] 李开祥,张乃燕,黄开顺,等. 岑软2号、3号等油茶无性系花粉生活力研究[J]. 广西林业科学,2009, 38(1): 4-7.
[22] 李太强,刘雄芳,李正红,等.滇东南濒危植物长梗杜鹃的花粉形态及其特性研究[J].林业科学研究, 2018, 31(3):51-59.
[23] 叶欣,谢云,茹华莎. 浙江红山茶花粉萌发与贮藏特性研究[J]. 西北林学院学报,2016, 31(1): 103-106, 129.
[2] 陈剑锋,何晓玲,李锋,等. 油茶皂素不育剂对鼠类抗生育功能的实验研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2006, 17(1): 11-14.
[3] 曹林青,钟秋平,罗帅,等.干旱胁迫下油茶叶片结构特征的变化[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(3):136-143.
[4] 奚如春,邓小梅. 我国油茶产业化发展中的现状、要素及其优化[J]. 经济林研究,2005,23(1): 83-87.
[5] 林中弘,张国. 高州油茶的选育与丰产试验[J]. 经济林研究,1985,3(1): 84-86.
[6] 胡加新,李蕊萍,朱雯,等. 高州油茶光合生理特性[J]. 华南农业大学学报,2015,14(5): 111-116.
[7] Chen J, Yang X, Huang X, et al. Leaf transcriptome analysis of a subtropical evergreen broadleaf plant, wild oil-tea camellia (Camellia oleifera), revealing candidate genes for cold acclimation[J]. BMC GENOMICS,2017, 18(1): 211.
[8] 叶航,郭飞,黄彩丽,等. 陆川油茶种质资源评价与优良单株筛选[J]. 广西林业科学,2014, 43(1): 1-4.
[9] 胡冬南,牛德奎,张文元,等.钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(02):243-248.
[10] 奚如春,邓小梅,龚春,等.高亚油酸含量油茶优良无性系的选育[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):158-164.
[11] 常维霞,姚小华,龙伟,等. 4个油茶物种杂交亲和性分析[J]. 植物研究,2016,58(4): 527-534.
[12] 王湘南,陈永忠,彭邵锋,等. 5个油茶良种[J]. 林业科学,2008, 44(4): 173-174.
[13] 姚小华,王开良,黄勇,等.小果油茶不同居群种仁含油率及脂肪酸组分变异特征分析及评价[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(5):533-541.
[14] Quilichini T D, Grienenberger E, Douglas C J. The biosynthesis, composition and assembly of the outer pollen wall: A tough case to crack[J]. Phytochemistry, 2015, 113 (2): 170-182.
[15] 吴君,李因刚,柳新红,等.白花树花粉生活力检测方法与贮藏特性研究[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(1):17-23.
[16] 袁德义,谭晓风,胡青素,等. 油茶花粉特性及其不同贮藏条件下生活力的研究[J]. 浙江林业科技,2008, 37(5): 66-69.
[17] 王开发,王宪曾. 孢粉学概论[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社, 1983: 59-71.
[18] 何春燕,谭晓风,袁德义,等. 7种油茶花粉数量及花粉萌发率的测定[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2009, 29(1): 74-78.
[19] 王湘南. 油茶物候期及开花生物学特性研究[D]. 长沙:中南林业科技大学, 2011.
[20] 杨界,李燕,罗莉,等. 无机元素对狭叶重楼花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报,2009, 27(2): 199-202.
[21] 李开祥,张乃燕,黄开顺,等. 岑软2号、3号等油茶无性系花粉生活力研究[J]. 广西林业科学,2009, 38(1): 4-7.
[22] 李太强,刘雄芳,李正红,等.滇东南濒危植物长梗杜鹃的花粉形态及其特性研究[J].林业科学研究, 2018, 31(3):51-59.
[23] 叶欣,谢云,茹华莎. 浙江红山茶花粉萌发与贮藏特性研究[J]. 西北林学院学报,2016, 31(1): 103-106, 129.