复合菌肥部分替代化肥对冬小麦氮素吸收的影响
|
摘要
为削减农业源污染负荷,通过不同菌肥配施下化肥不同程度减量或与有机肥结合大田试验,设置5个处理:CK(N为200 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5为120 kg/hm~2)、B_1N_2P_2(菌肥1为7.5 kg/hm~2,N、P_2O_5比CK分别减量25%)、B_1ON_1P_1(菌肥1为7.5 kg/hm~2,有机肥为3 t/hm~2,N、P_2O_5比CK分别减量50%)、B_2N_2P_2(菌肥2为7.5 kg/hm~2,N、P_2O_5比CK分别减量25%)、B_2ON_1P_1(菌肥2为7.5 kg/hm~2,有机肥为3 t/hm~2,N、P_2O_5比CK分别减量50%),研究了复合菌肥配施下山东滨州冬小麦地上吸氮量和吸氮速率及产量和氮素利用率的变化特征。结果表明:施用菌肥能增加拔节、灌浆和成熟期冬小麦地上吸氮量,菌肥配施下化肥减量25%能提高拔节和灌浆期地上吸氮速率和叶片SPAD值,并提高冬小麦的产量和氮素籽粒分配比例;B_2N_2P_2的氮素吸收效率显著高于菌肥1和CK,收获时B_2N_2P_2的地上吸氮量、籽粒吸氮量和产量均最高。由此可见,与CK相比,菌肥配施下化肥减量25%能促进冬小麦吸氮并提高氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数和氮肥偏生产力。
Compound biofertilizers has been identified as an alternative to chemical fertilizer for increasing the soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming. Nitrogen plays a vital role in the growth and yield of winter wheat, and is one of the main nutrients for water pollution. The use of biofertilizer can not only increase the plant biomass but also improve the total plant N assimilation. To reduce the agricultural source pollution load, a field experiment with five treatments was conducted by reducing the application of chemical fertilizer, and combined with biofertilizers or organic fertilizer to study the overground nitrogen uptake and utilization, and the grain yield of winter wheat in Binzhou, Shandong Province. The five treatments were: CK(N 200 kg/ha, P_2O_5 120 kg/ha, full dose), B_1N_2P_2(biofertilizer 1 7.5 kg/ha, N and P_2O_5 75% of the full dose), B_1ON_1P_1(biofertilizer 1 7.5 kg/ha, organic fertilizer 3 t/ha, N and P_2O_5 50% of the full dose), B_2N_2P_2(biofertilizer 2 7.5 kg/ha, N and P_2O_5 75% of the full dose); and B_2ON_1P_1(biofertilizer 2 7.5 kg/ha, organic fertilizer 3 t/ha, N and P_2O_5 50% of the full dose). The results showed that the application of biofertilizers could increase the overground nitrogen uptake amount of winter wheat at jointing and filling and maturing stages. The use of biofertilizers plus 25% reduction of chemical fertilizer could increase the overground nitrogen uptake rate and leaf SPAD value at jointing and filling stages, and also raise the yield and the rate of nitrogen allocation to grain. The nitrogen uptake efficiency of B_2N_2P_2 was higher than those of biofertilizer 1 and CK. In the harvest time, B_2N_2P_2 had the highest overground nitrogen uptake amount, grain nitrogen uptake amount and yield. In conclusion, the application of biofertilizers plus 25% reduction of chemical fertilizers could promote the nitrogen uptake, and increase the nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of winter wheat, compared with CK.
Compound biofertilizers has been identified as an alternative to chemical fertilizer for increasing the soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming. Nitrogen plays a vital role in the growth and yield of winter wheat, and is one of the main nutrients for water pollution. The use of biofertilizer can not only increase the plant biomass but also improve the total plant N assimilation. To reduce the agricultural source pollution load, a field experiment with five treatments was conducted by reducing the application of chemical fertilizer, and combined with biofertilizers or organic fertilizer to study the overground nitrogen uptake and utilization, and the grain yield of winter wheat in Binzhou, Shandong Province. The five treatments were: CK(N 200 kg/ha, P_2O_5 120 kg/ha, full dose), B_1N_2P_2(biofertilizer 1 7.5 kg/ha, N and P_2O_5 75% of the full dose), B_1ON_1P_1(biofertilizer 1 7.5 kg/ha, organic fertilizer 3 t/ha, N and P_2O_5 50% of the full dose), B_2N_2P_2(biofertilizer 2 7.5 kg/ha, N and P_2O_5 75% of the full dose); and B_2ON_1P_1(biofertilizer 2 7.5 kg/ha, organic fertilizer 3 t/ha, N and P_2O_5 50% of the full dose). The results showed that the application of biofertilizers could increase the overground nitrogen uptake amount of winter wheat at jointing and filling and maturing stages. The use of biofertilizers plus 25% reduction of chemical fertilizer could increase the overground nitrogen uptake rate and leaf SPAD value at jointing and filling stages, and also raise the yield and the rate of nitrogen allocation to grain. The nitrogen uptake efficiency of B_2N_2P_2 was higher than those of biofertilizer 1 and CK. In the harvest time, B_2N_2P_2 had the highest overground nitrogen uptake amount, grain nitrogen uptake amount and yield. In conclusion, the application of biofertilizers plus 25% reduction of chemical fertilizers could promote the nitrogen uptake, and increase the nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of winter wheat, compared with CK.
引文
[1] Ju X T,Kou C L,Zhang F S,Christie P.Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination:comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain [J].Environmental Pollution,2006,143(1):117-125.doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.11.005.
[2] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[Z].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.National Bureau of Statistics of the People′s Republic of China.China Statistical Yearbook[Z].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.
[3] Ahmad S,Imran M,Hussain S,Mahmood S,Hussain A,Hasnain M.Bacterial impregnation of mineral fertilizers improves yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat [J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture,2017,97(11):3685-3690.doi:10.1002/jsfa.8228.
[4] 蔡祖聪,黄新琦.土壤学不应忽视对作物土传病原微生物的研究[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):305-310.doi:10.11766/trxb201511190489.Cai Z C,Huang X Q.Soil-borne pathogens should not be ignored by soil science[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(2):305-310.
[5] Cardinale F,Ferraris L,Valentino D,Tamietti G.Induction of systemic resistance by a hypovirulent rhizoctonia solani isolate in tomato[J].Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,2006,69:160-171.doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.04.002.
[6] Wu S C,Cao Z H,Li Z G,Cheung K C,Wong M H.Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer,P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth:a greenhouse trial [J].Geoderma,2005,125(1):155-166.doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.07.003.
[7] 赵士诚,魏美艳,仇少君,何萍.氮肥管理对秸秆还田下土壤氮素供应和冬小麦生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):20-25.doi:10.11838/sfsc.20170204.Zhao S C,Wei M Y,Chou S J,He P.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer managements on soil nitrogen supply and winter wheat growth under straw return[J].Chinese Soil and Fertilizer,2017(2):20-25.
[8] Mondal T,Datta J K,Mondal N K.Chemical fertilizer in conjunction with biofertilizer and vermicompost induced changes in morpho-physiological and bio-chemical traits of mustard crop [J].Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences,2017,16(2) :135-144.doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2015.05.001.
[9] Dinesh R,Srinivasan V,Hamza S,Manjusha A.Short-term incorporation of organic manures and biofertilizers influences biochemical and microbial characteristics of soils under an annual crop (Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.))[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(12):4697-4702.doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.108.
[10] 谢军,赵亚南,陈轩敬,李丹萍,徐春丽,王珂,张跃强,石孝均.有机肥氮替代化肥氮提高玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(20):3934-3943.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.20.008.Xie J,Zhao Y N,Chen X J,Li D P,Xu C L,Wang K,Zhang Y Q,Shi X J.Nitrogen of organic manure replacing chemical nitrogenous fertilizer improve maize yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(20):3934-3943.
[11] 胡诚,曹志平,胡菊,李双来.长期施用生物有机肥土壤的氮矿化[J].生态学报,2009,29(4):438-444.Hu C,Cao Z P,Hu J,Li S L.Soil nitrogen mineralization in long-term application of biological-organic manure[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(4):438-444.
[12] 李升东,张卫峰,王法宏,司纪升,孔令安,刘建军.施氮量对小麦氮素利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(2):223-230.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2016.02.13.Li S D,Zhang W F,Wang F H,Si J S,Kong L A,Liu J J.Effect of nitrogen application amount on nitrogen utilization of wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(2):223-230.
[13] 郭丽,王丽英,张彦才,史建硕,李若楠,王艳霞,任燕利.滴灌水肥一体化下施氮量对小麦氮素吸收及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(3):207-213.doi:10.7668 /hbnxb.2017.03.032.Guo L,Wang L Y,Zhang Y C,Shi J S,Li R N,Wang Y X,Ren Y L.Effects of nitrogen amount on nitrogen absorption of wheat and soil NO-3-N content under drip fertigation[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2017,32(03):207-213.
[14] 左青松,杨海燕,冷锁虎,曹石,曾讲学,吴江生,周广生.施氮量对油菜氮素积累和运转及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(3):511-518.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00511.Zuo Q S,Yang H Y,Leng S H,Cao S,Zeng J X,Wu J S,Zhou G S.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen accumulation,translocation and nitrogen use efficiency in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(3):511-518.
[15] 张晴雯,杜春祥,李晓伟,李贵春,王明.控释肥条件下沿南四湖农田水稻吸氮特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(7):1908-1915.doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.2011.07.014.Zhang Q W,Du C X,Li X W,Li G C,Wang M.Nitrogen uptake rate and use efficiency by rice under different levels of the controlled-release N fertilizers (CRF) in the Nansi Lake Basin[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(7):1908-1915.
[16] Thonar C,Lekfeldt J D S,Cozzolino V,Kundel D,Kulhánek M,Mosimann C,Neumann G,Piccolo A,Rex M,Symanczik S,Walder F,Weinmann M,Neergaard A D,M?der P.Potential of three microbial bio-effectors to promote maize growth and nutrient acquisition from alternative phosphorous fertilizers in contrasting soils [J].Chemical & Biological Technologies in Agriculture,2017,4(1):7.doi:10.1186/s40538-017-0088-6.
[17] 许永胜,胡跃高,曾昭海,钱欣,任长忠,郭来春,王春龙.施用生物菌肥对裸燕麦氮素积累和光合生理的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(6) :2586-2591.doi:10.16213 /j.cnki.Scjas.2015.06.045.Xu Y S,Hu Y G,Zeng Z H,Qian X,Ren C Z,Guo L C,Wang C L.Effect of bio-fertilizer on oat (Avena sativa L.) nitrogen accumulation and photosynthetic physiology[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,28(06) :2586-2591.
[18] 王美,赵广才,石书兵,常旭虹,王德梅,杨玉双,范仲卿,郭明明,亓振,王雨,孙通,刘孝成.施氮量对不同粒色小麦花后光合特性及成熟期氮素分配和籽粒蛋白质组分的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(6):829-835.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.06.14.Wang M,Zhao G C,Shi S B,Chang X H,Wang D M,Yang Y S,Fan Z Q,Guo M M,Qi Z,Wang Y,Sun T,Liu X C.Effects of nitrogen rate on photosynthesis after anthesis,Nitrogen distribution and content of protein and its component in maturity stage in wheat with different seed color[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2015,35(6):829-835.
[19] 段文学,于振文,张永丽,王东,石玉.施氮量对旱地小麦氮素吸收转运和土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(15):3040-3048.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.15.004.Duan W X,Yu Z W,Zhang Y L,Wang D,Shi Y.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on nitrogen absorption,translocation and nitrate nitrogen content in soil of dryland wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(15):3040-3048.
[20] 王斌,万运帆,郭晨,李玉娥,秦晓波,任涛,赵婧.控释尿素、稳定性尿素和配施菌剂尿素提高双季稻产量和氮素利用率的效应比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1104-1112.doi:10.11674 /zwyf.2015.0502.Wang B,Wan Y F,Guo C,Li Y E,Qin X B,Ren T,Zhao J.A comparison of the effects of controlled release urea,stable urea and microorganisms increasing double rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(5):1104-1112.
[21] Rose M T,Phuong T L,Dang K N,Cong P T,Hien N T,Kennedy I R.Up to 52 % N fertilizer replaced by biofertilizer in lowland rice via farmer participatory research[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2014,34(4):857-868.doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0210-0.
[22] Tejada M,Rodríguez-Morgado B,Gómez I,Franco-Andreua L,Benítezc C,Parradob J.Use of biofertilizers obtained from sewage sludges on maize yield [J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016,78:13-19.doi:10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.014.
[23] Wang L,Li J,Yang F,E Y Y,Waseem R,Huang Q W,Shen Q R.Application of bioorganic fertilizer significantly increased apple yields and shaped bacterial community structure in orchard soil[J].Microbial Ecology,2016,73(2):1-13.doi:10.1007/s00248-016-0849-y.
[24] Shahzad S M,Arif M S,Riaz M,Iqbal Z,Ashraf M.PGPR with varied ACC-deaminase activity induced different growth and yield response in maize (Zea mays,L.) under fertilized conditions [J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,57(4):27-34.doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.04.002.
[25] Singh S K,Yadav L M S N K.Quality and fruit yield of F1-hybrid tomato as influenced by biofertilizer (Azotobacter) and nitrogen [J].Environment & Ecology,2008,26(4):1670-1671.
[26] Gaikwad V P,Patel R B,Bhosale N D,Shinde V T,Patel D H.Effect of organic manures and biofertilizer on soil fertility,yield and quality of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum,Sant.and Fern.)[J].Asian Journal of Soil Science,2011:111-113.
[27] Mondal T,Datta J K,Mondal N K.Chemical fertilizer in conjunction with biofertilizer and vermicompost induced changes in morpho-physiological and bio-chemical traits of mustard crop[J].Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences,2017,16(2):135-144.doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2015.05.001.
[28] 高洪军,朱平,彭畅,张秀芝,李强,张卫建.等氮条件下长期有机无机配施对春玉米的氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):318-325.doi:10.1674 /zwyf.2015.0205.Gao H J,Zhu P,Peng C,Zhang X Z,Li Q,Zhang W J.Effects of partially replacement of inorganic N with organic materials on nitrogen efficiency of spring maize and soil inorganic nitrogen content under the same N input[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(2):318-325.
[29] 刘涛,陈新国,刘艳清.滨州市水环境现状分析及治理对策研究[J].山东水利,2007(2):20-22.doi:10.16114/j.cnki.sdsl.2007.02.004.Liu T,Chen X G,Liu Y Q.Analysis of current situation of water environment in Binzhou City and its countermeasures[J].Shandong Water Resources,2007(2):20-22.
[30] 刘景伟.滨州市海河流域骨干河道尾闾治理浅析[J].海河水利,2014(4):29-30.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-7328.2014.04.010.Liu J W.Analysis on the treatment of the tail channel of the backbone river channel in Binhai City[J].Haihe Water Resources,2014(4):29-30.
[31] 山东省统计局.山东统计年鉴(2016)[Z].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.Shandong Provincial Bureau of Statistics.Shandong Statistical Yearbook (2016)[Z].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.
[32] 朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.doi:10.11674 /zwyf.2013.0201.Zhu Z L,Jin J Y.Fertilizer use and food security in China[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(2):259-273.
[33] 裴宏伟,沈彦俊,刘昌明.华北平原典型农田氮素与水分循环[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):283-296.doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.20141021.009.Pei H W,Shen Y J,Liu C M.Nitrogen and water cycling of typical cropland in the North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(1):283-296.
[2] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[Z].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.National Bureau of Statistics of the People′s Republic of China.China Statistical Yearbook[Z].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.
[3] Ahmad S,Imran M,Hussain S,Mahmood S,Hussain A,Hasnain M.Bacterial impregnation of mineral fertilizers improves yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat [J].Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture,2017,97(11):3685-3690.doi:10.1002/jsfa.8228.
[4] 蔡祖聪,黄新琦.土壤学不应忽视对作物土传病原微生物的研究[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):305-310.doi:10.11766/trxb201511190489.Cai Z C,Huang X Q.Soil-borne pathogens should not be ignored by soil science[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(2):305-310.
[5] Cardinale F,Ferraris L,Valentino D,Tamietti G.Induction of systemic resistance by a hypovirulent rhizoctonia solani isolate in tomato[J].Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,2006,69:160-171.doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.04.002.
[6] Wu S C,Cao Z H,Li Z G,Cheung K C,Wong M H.Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer,P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth:a greenhouse trial [J].Geoderma,2005,125(1):155-166.doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.07.003.
[7] 赵士诚,魏美艳,仇少君,何萍.氮肥管理对秸秆还田下土壤氮素供应和冬小麦生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):20-25.doi:10.11838/sfsc.20170204.Zhao S C,Wei M Y,Chou S J,He P.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer managements on soil nitrogen supply and winter wheat growth under straw return[J].Chinese Soil and Fertilizer,2017(2):20-25.
[8] Mondal T,Datta J K,Mondal N K.Chemical fertilizer in conjunction with biofertilizer and vermicompost induced changes in morpho-physiological and bio-chemical traits of mustard crop [J].Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences,2017,16(2) :135-144.doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2015.05.001.
[9] Dinesh R,Srinivasan V,Hamza S,Manjusha A.Short-term incorporation of organic manures and biofertilizers influences biochemical and microbial characteristics of soils under an annual crop (Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.))[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(12):4697-4702.doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.108.
[10] 谢军,赵亚南,陈轩敬,李丹萍,徐春丽,王珂,张跃强,石孝均.有机肥氮替代化肥氮提高玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(20):3934-3943.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.20.008.Xie J,Zhao Y N,Chen X J,Li D P,Xu C L,Wang K,Zhang Y Q,Shi X J.Nitrogen of organic manure replacing chemical nitrogenous fertilizer improve maize yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(20):3934-3943.
[11] 胡诚,曹志平,胡菊,李双来.长期施用生物有机肥土壤的氮矿化[J].生态学报,2009,29(4):438-444.Hu C,Cao Z P,Hu J,Li S L.Soil nitrogen mineralization in long-term application of biological-organic manure[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(4):438-444.
[12] 李升东,张卫峰,王法宏,司纪升,孔令安,刘建军.施氮量对小麦氮素利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(2):223-230.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2016.02.13.Li S D,Zhang W F,Wang F H,Si J S,Kong L A,Liu J J.Effect of nitrogen application amount on nitrogen utilization of wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(2):223-230.
[13] 郭丽,王丽英,张彦才,史建硕,李若楠,王艳霞,任燕利.滴灌水肥一体化下施氮量对小麦氮素吸收及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(3):207-213.doi:10.7668 /hbnxb.2017.03.032.Guo L,Wang L Y,Zhang Y C,Shi J S,Li R N,Wang Y X,Ren Y L.Effects of nitrogen amount on nitrogen absorption of wheat and soil NO-3-N content under drip fertigation[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2017,32(03):207-213.
[14] 左青松,杨海燕,冷锁虎,曹石,曾讲学,吴江生,周广生.施氮量对油菜氮素积累和运转及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(3):511-518.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00511.Zuo Q S,Yang H Y,Leng S H,Cao S,Zeng J X,Wu J S,Zhou G S.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen accumulation,translocation and nitrogen use efficiency in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(3):511-518.
[15] 张晴雯,杜春祥,李晓伟,李贵春,王明.控释肥条件下沿南四湖农田水稻吸氮特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(7):1908-1915.doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.2011.07.014.Zhang Q W,Du C X,Li X W,Li G C,Wang M.Nitrogen uptake rate and use efficiency by rice under different levels of the controlled-release N fertilizers (CRF) in the Nansi Lake Basin[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(7):1908-1915.
[16] Thonar C,Lekfeldt J D S,Cozzolino V,Kundel D,Kulhánek M,Mosimann C,Neumann G,Piccolo A,Rex M,Symanczik S,Walder F,Weinmann M,Neergaard A D,M?der P.Potential of three microbial bio-effectors to promote maize growth and nutrient acquisition from alternative phosphorous fertilizers in contrasting soils [J].Chemical & Biological Technologies in Agriculture,2017,4(1):7.doi:10.1186/s40538-017-0088-6.
[17] 许永胜,胡跃高,曾昭海,钱欣,任长忠,郭来春,王春龙.施用生物菌肥对裸燕麦氮素积累和光合生理的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(6) :2586-2591.doi:10.16213 /j.cnki.Scjas.2015.06.045.Xu Y S,Hu Y G,Zeng Z H,Qian X,Ren C Z,Guo L C,Wang C L.Effect of bio-fertilizer on oat (Avena sativa L.) nitrogen accumulation and photosynthetic physiology[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,28(06) :2586-2591.
[18] 王美,赵广才,石书兵,常旭虹,王德梅,杨玉双,范仲卿,郭明明,亓振,王雨,孙通,刘孝成.施氮量对不同粒色小麦花后光合特性及成熟期氮素分配和籽粒蛋白质组分的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(6):829-835.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.06.14.Wang M,Zhao G C,Shi S B,Chang X H,Wang D M,Yang Y S,Fan Z Q,Guo M M,Qi Z,Wang Y,Sun T,Liu X C.Effects of nitrogen rate on photosynthesis after anthesis,Nitrogen distribution and content of protein and its component in maturity stage in wheat with different seed color[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2015,35(6):829-835.
[19] 段文学,于振文,张永丽,王东,石玉.施氮量对旱地小麦氮素吸收转运和土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(15):3040-3048.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.15.004.Duan W X,Yu Z W,Zhang Y L,Wang D,Shi Y.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on nitrogen absorption,translocation and nitrate nitrogen content in soil of dryland wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(15):3040-3048.
[20] 王斌,万运帆,郭晨,李玉娥,秦晓波,任涛,赵婧.控释尿素、稳定性尿素和配施菌剂尿素提高双季稻产量和氮素利用率的效应比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1104-1112.doi:10.11674 /zwyf.2015.0502.Wang B,Wan Y F,Guo C,Li Y E,Qin X B,Ren T,Zhao J.A comparison of the effects of controlled release urea,stable urea and microorganisms increasing double rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(5):1104-1112.
[21] Rose M T,Phuong T L,Dang K N,Cong P T,Hien N T,Kennedy I R.Up to 52 % N fertilizer replaced by biofertilizer in lowland rice via farmer participatory research[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2014,34(4):857-868.doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0210-0.
[22] Tejada M,Rodríguez-Morgado B,Gómez I,Franco-Andreua L,Benítezc C,Parradob J.Use of biofertilizers obtained from sewage sludges on maize yield [J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016,78:13-19.doi:10.1016/j.eja.2016.04.014.
[23] Wang L,Li J,Yang F,E Y Y,Waseem R,Huang Q W,Shen Q R.Application of bioorganic fertilizer significantly increased apple yields and shaped bacterial community structure in orchard soil[J].Microbial Ecology,2016,73(2):1-13.doi:10.1007/s00248-016-0849-y.
[24] Shahzad S M,Arif M S,Riaz M,Iqbal Z,Ashraf M.PGPR with varied ACC-deaminase activity induced different growth and yield response in maize (Zea mays,L.) under fertilized conditions [J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,57(4):27-34.doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.04.002.
[25] Singh S K,Yadav L M S N K.Quality and fruit yield of F1-hybrid tomato as influenced by biofertilizer (Azotobacter) and nitrogen [J].Environment & Ecology,2008,26(4):1670-1671.
[26] Gaikwad V P,Patel R B,Bhosale N D,Shinde V T,Patel D H.Effect of organic manures and biofertilizer on soil fertility,yield and quality of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum,Sant.and Fern.)[J].Asian Journal of Soil Science,2011:111-113.
[27] Mondal T,Datta J K,Mondal N K.Chemical fertilizer in conjunction with biofertilizer and vermicompost induced changes in morpho-physiological and bio-chemical traits of mustard crop[J].Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences,2017,16(2):135-144.doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2015.05.001.
[28] 高洪军,朱平,彭畅,张秀芝,李强,张卫建.等氮条件下长期有机无机配施对春玉米的氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):318-325.doi:10.1674 /zwyf.2015.0205.Gao H J,Zhu P,Peng C,Zhang X Z,Li Q,Zhang W J.Effects of partially replacement of inorganic N with organic materials on nitrogen efficiency of spring maize and soil inorganic nitrogen content under the same N input[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21(2):318-325.
[29] 刘涛,陈新国,刘艳清.滨州市水环境现状分析及治理对策研究[J].山东水利,2007(2):20-22.doi:10.16114/j.cnki.sdsl.2007.02.004.Liu T,Chen X G,Liu Y Q.Analysis of current situation of water environment in Binzhou City and its countermeasures[J].Shandong Water Resources,2007(2):20-22.
[30] 刘景伟.滨州市海河流域骨干河道尾闾治理浅析[J].海河水利,2014(4):29-30.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-7328.2014.04.010.Liu J W.Analysis on the treatment of the tail channel of the backbone river channel in Binhai City[J].Haihe Water Resources,2014(4):29-30.
[31] 山东省统计局.山东统计年鉴(2016)[Z].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.Shandong Provincial Bureau of Statistics.Shandong Statistical Yearbook (2016)[Z].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.
[32] 朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.doi:10.11674 /zwyf.2013.0201.Zhu Z L,Jin J Y.Fertilizer use and food security in China[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(2):259-273.
[33] 裴宏伟,沈彦俊,刘昌明.华北平原典型农田氮素与水分循环[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):283-296.doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.20141021.009.Pei H W,Shen Y J,Liu C M.Nitrogen and water cycling of typical cropland in the North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(1):283-296.