玉米耐盐碱生理特性的杂种优势及遗传分析
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摘要
利用7个自交系进行4×3不完全双列杂交,获得12个杂交组合,在盐碱土和黑土条件下进行盆栽试验,调查苗期植株形态(株高、叶面积)与生理特性(SOD、POD活性),并进行杂种优势及遗传分析。结果表明,4个指标可以用于鉴定玉米的耐盐碱性,盐碱胁迫下玉米幼苗株高和叶面积降低,SOD、POD活性升高。不同自交系耐盐碱能力差异显著,根据4个指标及减少比例进行动态聚类,筛选出郑58是耐盐碱能力较强的自交系,Mo17对盐碱最敏感,5个中耐品种中昌7-2、444和B73偏敏感。杂交种间耐盐碱能力差异显著,郑单958、郑58×178、郑58×Mo17和黄C×178是耐盐碱性较高的杂交组合,444×Mo17是敏感组合。杂交种的耐盐碱性能与性状的杂种优势无关,与亲本的耐盐碱程度有关。4个指标的广义遗传力较高,非加性遗传的作用较突出。因此,筛选耐盐碱的自交系时既要考虑有关性状,又要考虑其性状对比非逆境条件下的变化率。
Using seven elite inbred lines, we prepared 12 hybrids by 4×3 incomplete diallel cross, then pot experiment were carried out for both parental inbred lines and hybrids with saline alkali soil and black soil. We investigated plant morphological feature and physiological characteristics at maize seedling stage, and then analyzed the heterosis and genetic parameter of each trait. The main results are that the investigated four traits can be used as index of evaluating maize salt tolerance. Under saline alkali stress, the plant height and leaf area of maize seedlings were both decreased, while the activities of SOD and POD were both increased. There are significant difference in salt and alkali resistance among inbred lines. Zheng 58 shows strong resistance to salt and alkali, while Mo17 is the most sensitive inbred line to salinity. Chang 7-2, 444 and B73 were medium sensitive materials. There were signifi-cant difference in salt and alkali tolerance among hybrids. Zhengdan958, Zheng 58 × 178, Zheng 58 × Mo17 and Huang C×178 were hybrids with high salt and alkaline resistance, while 444×Mo17 was a sensitive combination.Salt and alkali resistance was not related with heterosis, but related with the salinity tolerance ability of parents. Thebroad-sense heritabilities of the investigated four traits are all higher, especially non-additive effect is significant.Therefore, during breeding inbred line with high saline-alkali tolerance, both related trait and the change rate of associated trait under different conditions should be considered.
Using seven elite inbred lines, we prepared 12 hybrids by 4×3 incomplete diallel cross, then pot experiment were carried out for both parental inbred lines and hybrids with saline alkali soil and black soil. We investigated plant morphological feature and physiological characteristics at maize seedling stage, and then analyzed the heterosis and genetic parameter of each trait. The main results are that the investigated four traits can be used as index of evaluating maize salt tolerance. Under saline alkali stress, the plant height and leaf area of maize seedlings were both decreased, while the activities of SOD and POD were both increased. There are significant difference in salt and alkali resistance among inbred lines. Zheng 58 shows strong resistance to salt and alkali, while Mo17 is the most sensitive inbred line to salinity. Chang 7-2, 444 and B73 were medium sensitive materials. There were signifi-cant difference in salt and alkali tolerance among hybrids. Zhengdan958, Zheng 58 × 178, Zheng 58 × Mo17 and Huang C×178 were hybrids with high salt and alkaline resistance, while 444×Mo17 was a sensitive combination.Salt and alkali resistance was not related with heterosis, but related with the salinity tolerance ability of parents. Thebroad-sense heritabilities of the investigated four traits are all higher, especially non-additive effect is significant.Therefore, during breeding inbred line with high saline-alkali tolerance, both related trait and the change rate of associated trait under different conditions should be considered.
引文
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[10]Yoshiro M.Mapping quantitative trait loci for salt tolerance at germination and the seedling stage in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)[J].Euphytica,1997,94(3):263-272.
[11]Takehisa H,Shimodate T,Fukuta Y,et al.Identification of quantitative trait loci for plant growth of rice in paddy field flooded with salt water[J].Field Crops Res.,2004,89:85-95.
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[13]孙浩,张保望,李宗新,等.夏玉米品种盐碱胁迫耐受能力评价[J].玉米科学,2016,24(1):81-87.Sun H,Zhang B W,Li Z X,et al.Evaluation of salt and alkali tolerance of summer maize varieties[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(1):81-87.(in Chinese)
[14]王萍,焦阵,杨春桥,等.Na Cl胁迫对玉米种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(4):1767-1768,1868.Wang P,Jiao Z,Yang C Q,et al.Effect of Na Cl stress on seed germination and seedling growth of maize[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2010,38(4):1767-1768,1868.(in Chinese)
[15]邹少奎,殷贵鸿,唐建卫.黄淮主推小麦品种主要农艺性状配合力及遗传效应分析[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(6):730-738.Zou S K,Yin G H,Tang J W.Analysis of combining ability and genetic effect of main agronomic characters of Huang Huai main wheat varieties[J].Journal of Wheat Crop,2017,37(6):730-738.(in Chinese)
[16]袁克录,李继强,谢新学,等.6个新育玉米自交系配合力测定[J].分子植物育种,2016,14(1):216-222.Yuan K L,Li J Q,Xie X X,et al.Combining ability measurement of six newly breeded maize inbred lines[J].Molecular Plant Breeding,2016,14(1):216-222.(in Chinese)
[17]王欢,张春宵,李淑芳,等.玉米杂交种四单19及其双亲耐盐碱性差异分析[J].玉米科学,2018,2(13):1-7.Wang H,Zhang C X,Li S F,et al.Analysis of salt and alkaline tolerance differences between maize hybrid sidan19 and its parents[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2018,2(13):1-7.(in Chinese)
[18]付艳,高树仁.玉米种质苗期耐盐性的评价[J].玉米科学,2009,17(1):36-39.Fu Y,Gao S R.Evaluation of salt tolerance in maize germplasm at seedling stage[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2009,17(1):36-39.(in Chinese)
[19]郝再彬,苍晶,徐仲.植物生理实验技术[M].哈尔滨出版社,2002.
[20]Li L H,Chen Z Z.Changes in soil carbon storate due to over-grazing in Leymus chinensis steppe in the Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Environ Mental Sciences,1997,9(4):486-490.
[21]Kuhbauch W,Thom E U.Nonstructural carbohydrates of wheat stems as influenced by sink-source manipulation[J].Plant Pltysiol,1989,134:243-250.
[22]颜宏,赵伟,秦峰梅,等.盐碱胁迫对碱地肤、地肤种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(4):100-105.Yan H,Zhao W,Qin F M,et al.Effect of saline alkali stress on kscoparia and kochia seed germination and seedling growth[J].Journal of Northeastern Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2006,38(4):100-105.(in Chinese)
[23]杨书华,张春宵,朴明鑫,等.大田苗期耐盐碱鉴定指标筛选及玉米自交系盐碱耐性分析[J].种子,2012,31(1):9-13.Yang S H,Zhang C X,Piao M X,et al.Identification of salt and alkali tolerance in seedling stage and salt tolerance analysis of maize inbred lines[J].Seed,2012,31(1):9-13.(in Chinese)
[24]高树仁,崔美燕.玉米苗期耐盐性的遗传分析[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2009,2(6):1-3.Gao S R,Cui M Y.Genetic analysis of salt tolerance in maize at seedling stage[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2009,21(6):1-3.(in Chinese)
[25]毛建昌,李向拓,李发民,等.玉米苗期抗旱性评价方法研究[C].2004年全国玉米种质扩增、改良、创新与分子育种学术会议论文集,2004.
[26]于康珂.高温胁迫对不同热敏型玉米品种雌雄穗生理特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(4):84-91.Yu K K.Effects of high temperature stress on the physiological characteristics of male and female ears of different thermal sensitive maize varieties[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2017,25(4):84-91.(in Chinese)
[27]Dolores B.Reductions in maize root-tip elongation by salt and osmotic stress do not correlate with apoplastic[J].Ann Bot,2008,102(4):551-559.
[28]张弢.Na Cl胁迫对玉米幼苗几项生理指标的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2012,37(1):12-14.Zhang T.Effects of Na Cl stress on several physiological indexes of maize seedlings[J].Jilin Agricultural Science,2012,37(1):12-14.(in Chinese)
[29]杨书华,张春宵.69份玉米自交系的苗期耐盐碱性分析[J].种子,2011,30(3):1-6.Yang S H,Zhang C X.Salt tolerance analysis of 69 maize inbred lines at seedling stage[J].Seed,2011,30(3):1-6.(in Chinese)
[30]孙东升,刘成启.7个玉米自交系主要数量性状的配合力及遗传参数分析[J].江苏农业科学,2008(2):40-42.Sun D S,Liu C Q.Combining ability and genetic parameter analysis of quantitative characters of seven selfing lines in maize[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural sciences,2008(2):40-42.(in Chinese)
[31]Rao S A.Genetic basis of variation for salt tolerance in maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Euphytica,1999,108(3):145-150.(in Chinese)
[32]欧俊梅,李生荣,杜小英,等.5个矮秆小麦品种(系)主要农艺性状的配合力和遗传力分析[J].绵阳经济技术高等专科学校学报,2000(2):1-4.Ou J M,Li S R,Du X Y,et al.Analysis on the combining ability and heritability of the main agronomic characters of 5 dwarf wheat varieties(lines)[J].Journal of Mianyang Economic and Technical College,2000(2):1-4.(in Chinese)
[33]庞红喜,亢福仁,王成社,等.大穗型小麦主要农艺性状配合力分析[J].西北农业学报,2000,9(2):78-81.Pang H X,Kang F R,Wang C S,et al.Analysis on the combining ability of major agronomic characters of large spike wheat[J].Northwest Agricultural Journal,2000,9(2):78-81.(in Chinese)
[34]李伟,郑有良,兰秀锦,等.小麦新品种(系)配合力和遗传力分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2003,21(3):201-204.Li W,Zheng Y L,Lan X J,et al.Analysis of combining ability and heritability of new wheat varieties(lines)[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2003,21(3):201-204.(in Chinese)
[35]张向群.关于不完全双列杂交法估算配合力的研究[J].玉米科学,2002,10(增刊):10-13.Zhang X Q.A study on the estimation of the combining ability of incomplete diallel hybridization[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2002,10(S):10-13.(in Chinese)
[2]Luna D F,Aguirre A.Nutrient deficiency and hypoxia as constraints to Panicum coloratum growth in alkaline soils[J].Grass and Forage Science,2017,72(4):640-653.
[3]Li C J,Liu R.Growth and sustainability of suaeda salsa in the lop nur,China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2018,10(3):429-440.
[4]Wu D,Han Y J.enhanced duckweed alkali tolerance by overspression of serine:glyoxylate aminotransfrase(ATAGTI)[J].Pakistan Journal of Botany,2017,49(4):1263-1268.
[5]Zhu J K.Plant salt tolerance[J].Trends in Plant Science,2001(6):835-840.
[6]丁海荣,洪立州,王茂文,等.星星草耐盐生理机制及改良盐碱土壤研究进展[J].安徽农学通报,2007,14(16):58-59.Ding H R,Hong L Z,Wang M W,et al.Research progress on physiological mechanism of salt tolerance and improvement of saline alkali soil[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,14(16):58-59.(in Chinese)
[7]王遵亲.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[8]何婷.空间诱变大麦的耐盐性筛选及大田鉴定[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(23):105-107.He T.Screening of salt tolerance in barley materials of space mutation and identification in fields[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(23):105-107.(in Chinese)
[9]汪斌.水稻耐盐性和叶绿素含量的遗传分析[D].福建农林大学,2002.
[10]Yoshiro M.Mapping quantitative trait loci for salt tolerance at germination and the seedling stage in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)[J].Euphytica,1997,94(3):263-272.
[11]Takehisa H,Shimodate T,Fukuta Y,et al.Identification of quantitative trait loci for plant growth of rice in paddy field flooded with salt water[J].Field Crops Res.,2004,89:85-95.
[12]张春宵,袁英,刘文国,等.玉米杂交种苗期耐盐碱筛选与大田鉴定的比较分析[J].玉米科学,2010,18(5):14-18.Zhang C X,Yuan Y,Liu W G,et al.Comparative analysis between salt-alkali tolerance in seedling stage and production in the field of maize hybrid[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2010,18(5):14-18.(in Chinese)
[13]孙浩,张保望,李宗新,等.夏玉米品种盐碱胁迫耐受能力评价[J].玉米科学,2016,24(1):81-87.Sun H,Zhang B W,Li Z X,et al.Evaluation of salt and alkali tolerance of summer maize varieties[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(1):81-87.(in Chinese)
[14]王萍,焦阵,杨春桥,等.Na Cl胁迫对玉米种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(4):1767-1768,1868.Wang P,Jiao Z,Yang C Q,et al.Effect of Na Cl stress on seed germination and seedling growth of maize[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2010,38(4):1767-1768,1868.(in Chinese)
[15]邹少奎,殷贵鸿,唐建卫.黄淮主推小麦品种主要农艺性状配合力及遗传效应分析[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(6):730-738.Zou S K,Yin G H,Tang J W.Analysis of combining ability and genetic effect of main agronomic characters of Huang Huai main wheat varieties[J].Journal of Wheat Crop,2017,37(6):730-738.(in Chinese)
[16]袁克录,李继强,谢新学,等.6个新育玉米自交系配合力测定[J].分子植物育种,2016,14(1):216-222.Yuan K L,Li J Q,Xie X X,et al.Combining ability measurement of six newly breeded maize inbred lines[J].Molecular Plant Breeding,2016,14(1):216-222.(in Chinese)
[17]王欢,张春宵,李淑芳,等.玉米杂交种四单19及其双亲耐盐碱性差异分析[J].玉米科学,2018,2(13):1-7.Wang H,Zhang C X,Li S F,et al.Analysis of salt and alkaline tolerance differences between maize hybrid sidan19 and its parents[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2018,2(13):1-7.(in Chinese)
[18]付艳,高树仁.玉米种质苗期耐盐性的评价[J].玉米科学,2009,17(1):36-39.Fu Y,Gao S R.Evaluation of salt tolerance in maize germplasm at seedling stage[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2009,17(1):36-39.(in Chinese)
[19]郝再彬,苍晶,徐仲.植物生理实验技术[M].哈尔滨出版社,2002.
[20]Li L H,Chen Z Z.Changes in soil carbon storate due to over-grazing in Leymus chinensis steppe in the Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Environ Mental Sciences,1997,9(4):486-490.
[21]Kuhbauch W,Thom E U.Nonstructural carbohydrates of wheat stems as influenced by sink-source manipulation[J].Plant Pltysiol,1989,134:243-250.
[22]颜宏,赵伟,秦峰梅,等.盐碱胁迫对碱地肤、地肤种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2006,38(4):100-105.Yan H,Zhao W,Qin F M,et al.Effect of saline alkali stress on kscoparia and kochia seed germination and seedling growth[J].Journal of Northeastern Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2006,38(4):100-105.(in Chinese)
[23]杨书华,张春宵,朴明鑫,等.大田苗期耐盐碱鉴定指标筛选及玉米自交系盐碱耐性分析[J].种子,2012,31(1):9-13.Yang S H,Zhang C X,Piao M X,et al.Identification of salt and alkali tolerance in seedling stage and salt tolerance analysis of maize inbred lines[J].Seed,2012,31(1):9-13.(in Chinese)
[24]高树仁,崔美燕.玉米苗期耐盐性的遗传分析[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2009,2(6):1-3.Gao S R,Cui M Y.Genetic analysis of salt tolerance in maize at seedling stage[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2009,21(6):1-3.(in Chinese)
[25]毛建昌,李向拓,李发民,等.玉米苗期抗旱性评价方法研究[C].2004年全国玉米种质扩增、改良、创新与分子育种学术会议论文集,2004.
[26]于康珂.高温胁迫对不同热敏型玉米品种雌雄穗生理特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(4):84-91.Yu K K.Effects of high temperature stress on the physiological characteristics of male and female ears of different thermal sensitive maize varieties[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2017,25(4):84-91.(in Chinese)
[27]Dolores B.Reductions in maize root-tip elongation by salt and osmotic stress do not correlate with apoplastic[J].Ann Bot,2008,102(4):551-559.
[28]张弢.Na Cl胁迫对玉米幼苗几项生理指标的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2012,37(1):12-14.Zhang T.Effects of Na Cl stress on several physiological indexes of maize seedlings[J].Jilin Agricultural Science,2012,37(1):12-14.(in Chinese)
[29]杨书华,张春宵.69份玉米自交系的苗期耐盐碱性分析[J].种子,2011,30(3):1-6.Yang S H,Zhang C X.Salt tolerance analysis of 69 maize inbred lines at seedling stage[J].Seed,2011,30(3):1-6.(in Chinese)
[30]孙东升,刘成启.7个玉米自交系主要数量性状的配合力及遗传参数分析[J].江苏农业科学,2008(2):40-42.Sun D S,Liu C Q.Combining ability and genetic parameter analysis of quantitative characters of seven selfing lines in maize[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural sciences,2008(2):40-42.(in Chinese)
[31]Rao S A.Genetic basis of variation for salt tolerance in maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Euphytica,1999,108(3):145-150.(in Chinese)
[32]欧俊梅,李生荣,杜小英,等.5个矮秆小麦品种(系)主要农艺性状的配合力和遗传力分析[J].绵阳经济技术高等专科学校学报,2000(2):1-4.Ou J M,Li S R,Du X Y,et al.Analysis on the combining ability and heritability of the main agronomic characters of 5 dwarf wheat varieties(lines)[J].Journal of Mianyang Economic and Technical College,2000(2):1-4.(in Chinese)
[33]庞红喜,亢福仁,王成社,等.大穗型小麦主要农艺性状配合力分析[J].西北农业学报,2000,9(2):78-81.Pang H X,Kang F R,Wang C S,et al.Analysis on the combining ability of major agronomic characters of large spike wheat[J].Northwest Agricultural Journal,2000,9(2):78-81.(in Chinese)
[34]李伟,郑有良,兰秀锦,等.小麦新品种(系)配合力和遗传力分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2003,21(3):201-204.Li W,Zheng Y L,Lan X J,et al.Analysis of combining ability and heritability of new wheat varieties(lines)[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2003,21(3):201-204.(in Chinese)
[35]张向群.关于不完全双列杂交法估算配合力的研究[J].玉米科学,2002,10(增刊):10-13.Zhang X Q.A study on the estimation of the combining ability of incomplete diallel hybridization[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2002,10(S):10-13.(in Chinese)