页岩气水平井储集层追踪和评价关键技术
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摘要
湖南保靖页岩气区块地质构造复杂、岩石致密、断层和褶皱发育、地层倾角变化大、下志留统龙马溪组地层分布广泛、有机质含量高但优质页岩层薄,水平井钻井存在水平段长、纵向靶窗范围小、埋深不确定、标志层不明显、可钻性差等困难,给井眼轨迹控制和地质导向钻井带来挑战,实钻中井眼轨迹存在脱靶和出层风险。针对上述难点,基于地震解释、邻井地层评价等资料,水平井段采用先进的旋转导向钻井系统,推广应用"钻前地质建模、随钻测量/测井、钻后综合评价"三大关键技术,即:钻前根据储集层特征,制定高自然伽马结合高气测全烃值引导钻头向前钻进的地质导向方案;钻井过程中利用随钻成像测井拾取地层倾角,结合录井岩屑和气测显示,对比地层,分析钻头和地层的切割关系,实现井眼轨迹精细化控制和储集层精准追踪、识别;钻后综合解释、全面评价划分有效页岩气储集层。完钻后统计储集层钻遇率100%,机械钻速7.36～8.88 m/h,达到了优快钻井目的,实现了页岩气勘探高效、低成本开发。
In Baojing shale gas block,Hunan Province,the geologic structure is complex,the rocks are tight,faults and folds are developed,stratigraphic dip varies greatly,the stratigraphy of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation is widely distributed with high organic matter content but thin high-quality shale beds.Horizontal well drilling has many difficulties,such as long horizontal section,small longitudinal target window range,uncertain buried depth,no obvious marker bed and poor drillability,which bring challenges to well path control and geosteering drilling.The well trajectory in actual drilling has the risk of missing target and out of target bed.In view of the above difficulties,based on seismic interpretation,adjacent well formation evaluation and other data,the horizontal section adopts advanced rotary steering drilling system.Three key techniques of geological modeling before drilling, MWD/LWD and comprehensive evaluation after drilling are promoted and applied,that is,geosteering plan that guides the bit forward drilling with high natural gamma and high total hydrocarbon value is made according to reservoir characteristics before drilling.During drilling,stratigraphic dip is picked up by imaging logging while drilling tool.Combined with the shows of cuttings and gas logging,the strata are contrasted,which formation the bit is drilling in is analyzed,and the fine control of well trajectory and precise tracing and identification of reservoir are realized.Effective shale gas reservoirs are classified by comprehensive interpretation and evaluation after drilling.The statistics after the completion of drilling show that the reservoir drilling rate is 100%,and penetration rate is 7.36-8.88 m/h,thus achieving the purpose of optimal and fast drilling and realizing high efficiency and low cost development of shale gas exploration.
In Baojing shale gas block,Hunan Province,the geologic structure is complex,the rocks are tight,faults and folds are developed,stratigraphic dip varies greatly,the stratigraphy of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation is widely distributed with high organic matter content but thin high-quality shale beds.Horizontal well drilling has many difficulties,such as long horizontal section,small longitudinal target window range,uncertain buried depth,no obvious marker bed and poor drillability,which bring challenges to well path control and geosteering drilling.The well trajectory in actual drilling has the risk of missing target and out of target bed.In view of the above difficulties,based on seismic interpretation,adjacent well formation evaluation and other data,the horizontal section adopts advanced rotary steering drilling system.Three key techniques of geological modeling before drilling, MWD/LWD and comprehensive evaluation after drilling are promoted and applied,that is,geosteering plan that guides the bit forward drilling with high natural gamma and high total hydrocarbon value is made according to reservoir characteristics before drilling.During drilling,stratigraphic dip is picked up by imaging logging while drilling tool.Combined with the shows of cuttings and gas logging,the strata are contrasted,which formation the bit is drilling in is analyzed,and the fine control of well trajectory and precise tracing and identification of reservoir are realized.Effective shale gas reservoirs are classified by comprehensive interpretation and evaluation after drilling.The statistics after the completion of drilling show that the reservoir drilling rate is 100%,and penetration rate is 7.36-8.88 m/h,thus achieving the purpose of optimal and fast drilling and realizing high efficiency and low cost development of shale gas exploration.
引文
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[20]梁榜,李继庆,郑爱维,等.涪陵页岩气田水平井开发效果评价[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(2):289-295.LIANG Bang,LI Jiqing,ZHENG Aiwei,et al.Development effect evaluation for shale gas wells in Fuling shale gasfield[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(2):289-295.
[2]郭旭升,胡东风,魏志红,等.涪陵页岩气田的发现与勘探认识[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(3):24-37.GUO Xusheng,HU Dongfeng,WEI Zhihong,et al.Discovery and exploration of Fuling shale gas field[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(3):24-37.
[3]李斌,郭庆勇,罗群,等.四川盆地东部龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质条件对比分析[J].中国地质调查,2018,5(4):25-32.LI Bin,GUO Qingyong,LUO Qun,et al.Comparative analysis on geological condition of shale gas accumulation of Longmaxi Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Geological Survey of China,2018,5(4):25-32
[4]刘旭礼.页岩气水平井钻井的随钻地质导向方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(5):69-73.LIU Xuli.Geosteering technology in the drilling of shale gas horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(5):69-73.
[5]张锦宏.彭水区块页岩气水平井钻井关键技术[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(5):9-15.ZHANG Jinhong.Key drilling techniques for shale gas horizontal wells in Pengshui Block[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(5):9-15.
[6]滕学清,陈勉,杨沛,等.库车前陆盆地超深井全井筒提速技术[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(1):76-88.TENG Xueqing,CHEN Mian,YANG Pei,et al.Whole well ROP enhancement technology for superdeep wells in Kuqa foreland basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(1):76-88.
[7]张德军.页岩气水平井地质导向钻井技术及其应用[J].钻采工艺,2015,40(4):7-10.ZHANG Dejun.Shale gas horizontal well geosteering drilling technology and its application[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2015,40(4):7-10.
[8]董振国.湖南保靖区块页岩气参数井钻探实践[J].煤田地质与勘探,2018,46(增刊1):77-83.DONG Zhenguo.Drilling practice of shale gas parameter wells in Baojing Block,Hunan Province[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2018,46(s1):77-83.
[9]吴德山,董振国,崔春兰.大斜度定向井钻井设计优化及应用实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(4):58-64.WU Deshan,DONG Zhenguo,CUI Chunlan.Optimum drilling design of high deviated directional wells and its application[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(4):58-64.
[10]孙宝刚,李国铭.大庆油田水平井着陆点控制方法研究及其应用[J].录井工程,2018,29(1):19-21.SUN Baogang,LI Guoming.Research and application of landing point control method for horizontal well in Daqing Oilfield[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2018,29(1):19-21.
[11]李安宗,骆庆锋,李留,等.随钻方位自然伽马成像测井在地质导向中的应用[J].测井技术,2017,41(6):713-717.LI Anzong,LUO Qingfeng,LI Liu,et al.Application of azimuth gamma imaging logging while drilling to geoteering[J].Well Logging Technology,2017,41(6):713-717.
[12]杨绍存,李长洪,施宝海,等.大港油田页岩油水平井地质导向技术研究与应用:以GD区块GD2H井为例[J].录井工程,2018,29(4):24-28.YANG Shaocun,LI Changhong,SHI Baohai,et al.Research and application of geosteering technology for shale oil horizontal wells in Dagang oilfield:a case of GD 2H well in GD block[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2018,29(4):24-28.
[13]谢国毅,刘虎,毛志新.贵州岩溶地区煤层气钻井关键技术[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2018,45(5):46-49.XIE Guoyi,LIU Hu,MAO Zhixin.Key coalbed methane drilling technology in Guizhou karst area[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2018,45(5):46-49.
[14]吴雪平.页岩气水平井地质导向钻进中的储层“甜点”评价技术[J].天然气工业,2016,36(5):74-80.WU Xueping.Sweet spot evaluation technology in the geosteering drilling of shale gas horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(5):74-80.
[15]万云祥.哈德油田哈10-1-1H井地质导向钻井浅析[J].中国化工贸易,2014(33):14-15.WAN Yunxiang.Analysis on geosteering drilling of Ha 10-1-1H well in Hade oilfield[J].China Chemical Trade,2014(33):14-15.
[16]王金荣,王玉善,李国良,等.苏里格气田苏20区块水平井地质导向技术研究[J].录井工程,2018,29(1):38-41,52.WANG Jinrong,WANG Yushan,LI Guoliang,et al.Research on geosteering technology of horizontal wells in Su 20block of Sulige gas field[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2018,29(1):38-41,52.
[17]赵红燕,周涛,叶应贵,等.涪陵中深层页岩气水平井快速地质导向方法[J].录井工程,2017,28(2):29-32.ZHAO Hongyan,ZHOU Tao,YE Yinggui,et al.Rapid geosteering method for middle-deep horizontal shale gas wells in Fuling[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2017,28(2):29-32.
[18]蒋廷学,卞晓冰.页岩气储层评价新技术:甜度评价方法[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(4):1-6.JIANG Tingxue,BIAN Xiaobing.The novel technology of shale gas play evaluation:sweetness calculation method[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(4):1-6.
[19]张晓玉.旋转地质导向系统在预探致密油水平井中的应用[J].录井工程,2018,29(3):41-45.ZHANG Xiaoyu.Application of rotary geosteering system in pre-exploration of tight oil horizontal wells[J].Mud Logging Engineering,2018,29(3):41-45.
[20]梁榜,李继庆,郑爱维,等.涪陵页岩气田水平井开发效果评价[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(2):289-295.LIANG Bang,LI Jiqing,ZHENG Aiwei,et al.Development effect evaluation for shale gas wells in Fuling shale gasfield[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2018,29(2):289-295.