模拟土壤酸化和盐胁迫对姜矿质元素及渗调物质含量的影响
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摘要
为探讨土壤酸化与盐渍化对姜生长的影响,本文采用盆栽砂培方式,通过调节Hoagland营养液pH (6.0、4.0)及Na+(0、100 mmol·L~(-1))水平,模拟土壤酸化与盐胁迫环境,研究了酸、盐交互处理条件下姜植株各器官生长量、矿质元素(Na、K、Ca、Mg)含量和叶片渗调物质含量等的变化。结果表明,酸胁迫仅影响了姜地上茎叶的生长量,盐胁迫则显著抑制了姜地上及地下各器官的生长,但盐胁迫条件下较低的pH促进了姜植株的生长。盐胁迫可显著提高姜叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸等渗调物质含量,增强脯氨酸合成相关酶Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)和鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT)活性,降低脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性;但酸胁迫对渗调物质含量及P5CS、OAT和ProDH活性影响较小。盐胁迫条件下,姜各器官Na含量显著增加, K、Ca及Mg含量显著降低;酸胁迫则对相关离子含量无显著影响,但盐胁迫下较低的pH可以降低姜各器官Na含量,促进K、Ca及Mg等离子吸收,有利于维持离子渗透平衡,减轻盐胁迫对细胞膜的损伤。
In order to investigate the effects of soil acidification and salinization on the growth of ginger, this paper used potted sand culture to simulate soil acidification and salt stress environment by adjusting the pH(6.0, 4.0) and Na+(0, 100 mmol·L~(-1)) levels of Hoagland nutrient solution, and study the changes of the content of mineral elements(Na, K, Ca and Mg) and osmotic substance in various organs of ginger under soil acidification and salt interaction stress. The results showed that acid stress only decreased the growth of ginger stems and leaves, and salt stress inhibited the growth of various organs aboveground and underground, but under salt stress, low pH could reduce the toxicity and promote growth of ginger. Salt stress could significantly increase the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline in ginger leaves, enhance the proline synthesis related enzymes Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthase(P5 CS) and ornithine aminotransferase(OAT) activity, and decrease proline dehydrogenase(ProDH) activity; but acid stress had slight effect on the content of osmotic substance and the activities of proline metabolite. Under salt stress, the content of Na in the organs of ginger increased significantly, and the contents of K, Ca and Mg decreased significantly. The acid stress had no significant effect on the related ion content, however, low pH could reduce the Na content in various organs of ginger, regulate the absorption of K, Ca and Mg, increase leaf penetration, maintain osmotic balance, and thus reduce salt damage to ginger.
In order to investigate the effects of soil acidification and salinization on the growth of ginger, this paper used potted sand culture to simulate soil acidification and salt stress environment by adjusting the pH(6.0, 4.0) and Na+(0, 100 mmol·L~(-1)) levels of Hoagland nutrient solution, and study the changes of the content of mineral elements(Na, K, Ca and Mg) and osmotic substance in various organs of ginger under soil acidification and salt interaction stress. The results showed that acid stress only decreased the growth of ginger stems and leaves, and salt stress inhibited the growth of various organs aboveground and underground, but under salt stress, low pH could reduce the toxicity and promote growth of ginger. Salt stress could significantly increase the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline in ginger leaves, enhance the proline synthesis related enzymes Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthase(P5 CS) and ornithine aminotransferase(OAT) activity, and decrease proline dehydrogenase(ProDH) activity; but acid stress had slight effect on the content of osmotic substance and the activities of proline metabolite. Under salt stress, the content of Na in the organs of ginger increased significantly, and the contents of K, Ca and Mg decreased significantly. The acid stress had no significant effect on the related ion content, however, low pH could reduce the Na content in various organs of ginger, regulate the absorption of K, Ca and Mg, increase leaf penetration, maintain osmotic balance, and thus reduce salt damage to ginger.
引文
Ci LJ,Yang XH(2010).Desertification and Its Control in China.Beijing:Higher Education Press
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Xu CS(2014).Effects of calcium on biomass and antioxidant systems in seedlings of Malus xiaojinensis under salt stress.Plant Physiol J,50(6):817-822(in Chinese with English abstract)[徐臣善(2014).钙对盐胁迫下小金海棠幼苗生物量及抗氧化系统的影响.植物生理学报,50(6):817-822]
Yin L,Wang S,Li J,et al(2013).Application of silicon improves salt tolerance through ameliorating osmotic and ionic stresses in the seedling of Sorghum bicolor.Acta Physiol Plant,35:3099-3107
Zhang GH,Su Q,An LJ,et al(2008).Characterization and expression of a vacuolar Na+/H+antiporter gene from the monocot halophyte Aeluropus littoralis.Plant Physiol Biochem,46:117-126
Zhang J,Zeng L,Chen S,et al(2018).Transcription profile analysis of Lycopersicum esculentum leaves,unravels volatile emissions and gene expression under salinity stress.Plant physiol Biochem,126:11-21
Zhao JW,Li QY,Lu B,et al(2019).Physiological characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of Pyrus calleryana Decne.under NaCl stress.Plant Physiol J,55:23-31(in Chinese with English abstract)[赵佳伟,李清亚,路斌等(2019).不同品种北美豆梨对NaCl胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性评价.植物生理学报,55:23-31]
Zhao SJ,Cang J(2016).Principles and Technology of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press(in Chinese)[赵世杰,苍晶(2016).植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业科技出版社]
Zhou GF,Li BX,Guan G,et al(2018).Effects of acid and alkaline stresses on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics and mineral nutrition of Pummelo‘HB’.Chin J Tropic Agric,38:24-31(in Chinese with English abstract)[周高峰,李碧娴,管冠等(2018).酸、碱胁迫对HB柚生长、光合特性及矿质营养的影响.热带农业科学,38:24-31]
Zou P,Lu XL,Jing CL,et al(2018).Low-molecular-weightt polysaccharides from Pyropia yezoensis enhance tolerance of wheat seedlings(Triticum aestivum L.)to salt stress.Front Plant Sci,9:427
Gratten SR,Grieve CM(1992).Mineral element acquisition and growth response of plant grown in saline environments.Agr Ecosyst Environ,38:275-300
Guo JH,Liu XJ,Zhang Y(2010).Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands.Science,327:1008-1010
Han ZP,Guo SR,You XN,et al(2010).Metabolism of reactive oxygen species and contents of osmotic substances in watermelon seedlings under salinity stress.Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,30:2210-2218(in Chinese with English abstract)[韩志平,郭世荣,尤秀娜等(2010).盐胁迫对西瓜幼苗活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质含量的影响.西北植物学报,30:2210-2218]
Li HY,Tang XQ,Yang XY,et al(2017).Effects of NaCl stress on mineral element contents in Nitraria sibirica seedlings.Plant Physiol J,53:2125-2136(in Chinese with English abstract)[李焕勇,唐晓倩,杨秀艳等(2017).NaCl处理对西伯利亚白刺幼苗中矿质元素含量的影响.植物生理学报,53:2125-2136]
Li YD,Guo JR,Wang BS(2018).Effects of sodium salt and chloride on vegetative growth of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa.Plant Physiol J,54:421-428(in Chinese with English abstract)[李艳迪,郭建荣,王宝山(2018).钠盐和氯化物对真盐生植物盐地碱蓬营养生长的影响.植物生理学报,54:421-428]
Mai BR,Zheng YF,Liang J,et al(2008).Effects of simulated acid rain on leaf photosynthate,growth,and yield of wheat.J Appl Ecol,(10):2227-2233(in Chinese with English abstract)[麦博儒,郑有飞,梁骏等(2008).模拟酸雨对小麦叶片同化物、生长和产量的影响.应用生态学报,(10):2227-2233]
Nawar S,Buddenbaum H,Hill J(2015).Estimation of soil salinity using three quantitative methods based on visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy:a case study from Egypt.Arab J Geosci,8:5127-5140
Ni ZY,Shi YJ,Zhang MK(2017).Effects of salt accumulation on acidification and acid composition in protected soils.Bull Soil Water Conserv,37:43-48(in Chinese with English abstract)[倪中应,石一珺,章明奎(2017).积盐对设施栽培土壤酸度及酸组成的影响.水土保持通报,37:43-48]
Peng Z,He S,Sun J,et al(2016).Na+compartmentalization related to salinity stress tolerance in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)seedlings.Sci Rep,6:34548
Ruiter HD,Kolloffel C(1983).Arginine catabolism in the cotyledons of developing and germinating pea seeds.Plant Physiol,3:525-528
Ruiz JM,Sánchez E,García PC,et al(2002).Proline metabolism and NAD kinase activity in greenbean plants subjected to cold-shock.Phytochemistry,5:473-478
Shi XL,Zhang ZM,Dai LX,et al(2018).Effects of calcium fertilizer application on absorption and distribution of nutrients in peanut under salt stress.J Appl Ecol,29:3302-3310(in Chinese with English abstract)[史晓龙,张智猛,戴良香等(2018).外源施钙对盐胁迫下花生营养元素吸收与分配的影响.应用生态学报,29:3302-3310]
Silva-Ortega CO,Ochoa-Alfaro AE,Reyes-Aguero JA,et al(2008).Salt stress increases the expression of P5CS gene and induces proline accumulation in cactus pear.Plant Physiol Bioch,46:82-92
Singh UM,Sareen P,Sengar RS,et al(2013).Plant ionomics:a newer approach to study mineral transport and its regulation.Acta Physiol Plant,35:2641-2653
Tavakkoli E,Fatehi F,Coventry S,et al(2011).Additive effects of Na+and Cl-ions on barley growth under salinity stress.J Exp Bot,62:2189-2203
Xu CS(2014).Effects of calcium on biomass and antioxidant systems in seedlings of Malus xiaojinensis under salt stress.Plant Physiol J,50(6):817-822(in Chinese with English abstract)[徐臣善(2014).钙对盐胁迫下小金海棠幼苗生物量及抗氧化系统的影响.植物生理学报,50(6):817-822]
Yin L,Wang S,Li J,et al(2013).Application of silicon improves salt tolerance through ameliorating osmotic and ionic stresses in the seedling of Sorghum bicolor.Acta Physiol Plant,35:3099-3107
Zhang GH,Su Q,An LJ,et al(2008).Characterization and expression of a vacuolar Na+/H+antiporter gene from the monocot halophyte Aeluropus littoralis.Plant Physiol Biochem,46:117-126
Zhang J,Zeng L,Chen S,et al(2018).Transcription profile analysis of Lycopersicum esculentum leaves,unravels volatile emissions and gene expression under salinity stress.Plant physiol Biochem,126:11-21
Zhao JW,Li QY,Lu B,et al(2019).Physiological characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of Pyrus calleryana Decne.under NaCl stress.Plant Physiol J,55:23-31(in Chinese with English abstract)[赵佳伟,李清亚,路斌等(2019).不同品种北美豆梨对NaCl胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性评价.植物生理学报,55:23-31]
Zhao SJ,Cang J(2016).Principles and Technology of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press(in Chinese)[赵世杰,苍晶(2016).植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业科技出版社]
Zhou GF,Li BX,Guan G,et al(2018).Effects of acid and alkaline stresses on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics and mineral nutrition of Pummelo‘HB’.Chin J Tropic Agric,38:24-31(in Chinese with English abstract)[周高峰,李碧娴,管冠等(2018).酸、碱胁迫对HB柚生长、光合特性及矿质营养的影响.热带农业科学,38:24-31]
Zou P,Lu XL,Jing CL,et al(2018).Low-molecular-weightt polysaccharides from Pyropia yezoensis enhance tolerance of wheat seedlings(Triticum aestivum L.)to salt stress.Front Plant Sci,9:427