2394名高校新生近视与体质健康相关因素分析
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摘要
目的了解青少年体格发育与锻炼情况对近视的影响。方法对广西某高校2017年入学新生进行入学体检(含视力测试)和体质测试,并对结果进行统计分析。结果通过检查发现,该校入学新生近视发病人数为1 549人,占64.70%;肺活量不合格学生近视发病率更高(P<0.05);近视组体质量、BMI等体检结果值均较非近视组低,近视组肺活量、50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、仰卧起坐(女)等体质测试结果值均较非近视组差。结论童年及青少年时期的营养水平可能影响近视的发生;运动可减少近视的发生率,尤其是下肢非耐力运动。应促进合理膳食营养知识宣教,建立文体适宜的教学安排,增强青少年体质,从而减少近视患病率。
Objective To investigate the effect of physical development and exercise on myopia in adolescents.Methods Physical examinations(including vision tests) and physical fitness tests were performed in the freshmen enrolled in a university in Guangxi in 2017,and the results were analyzed statistically.Results Through the examinations,the number of myopia among the freshmen was 1 549,accounting for 64.70%,and the incidence of myopia among the students with unqualified vital capacity was higher than that among the students with qualified vital capacity(P<0.05).The body weight and body mass index(BMI) in the myopia group were lower than those in the non-myopia group.The physical examination values,such as 50-meter-running,standing long jump,sit and reach,sit-up(females) and so on,in the myopia group were worse than those in the non-myopia group.Conclusion The nutritional level in childhood and adolescence may affect the occurrence of myopia,and exercise can reduce the incidence of myopia,especially lower extremity non-endurance exercises.It is necessary to promote the health education of reasonable diet and nutrition,to establish appropriate teaching arrangement for stylistics,and to strengthen the physique of teenagers so as to reduce the prevalence of myopia.
Objective To investigate the effect of physical development and exercise on myopia in adolescents.Methods Physical examinations(including vision tests) and physical fitness tests were performed in the freshmen enrolled in a university in Guangxi in 2017,and the results were analyzed statistically.Results Through the examinations,the number of myopia among the freshmen was 1 549,accounting for 64.70%,and the incidence of myopia among the students with unqualified vital capacity was higher than that among the students with qualified vital capacity(P<0.05).The body weight and body mass index(BMI) in the myopia group were lower than those in the non-myopia group.The physical examination values,such as 50-meter-running,standing long jump,sit and reach,sit-up(females) and so on,in the myopia group were worse than those in the non-myopia group.Conclusion The nutritional level in childhood and adolescence may affect the occurrence of myopia,and exercise can reduce the incidence of myopia,especially lower extremity non-endurance exercises.It is necessary to promote the health education of reasonable diet and nutrition,to establish appropriate teaching arrangement for stylistics,and to strengthen the physique of teenagers so as to reduce the prevalence of myopia.
引文
[1]中国学生体质与健康研究组.2010年中国学生体质与健康研究报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015:171-172.
[2]宋逸,胡佩瑾,董彦会,等.2014年全国各省、自治区、直辖市汉族学生视力不良现况分析[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2017,49(03):433-438.
[3]康利,张福艳,张红,等.2015-2016年自贡市中小学生近视流行现况与教室环境卫生关联性分析[J].中国校医,2018,32(01):27-29+31.
[4]张欣.重视儿童青少年近视环境危险因素的防控[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(01):6-8,12.
[5]Sham WK,Dirani M,Chong YS,et al.Breastfeeding and association with refractive error in young Singapore Chinese children[J].Eye(Lond),2010,24(5):875-880.
[6]Jones LA,Sinnott LT,Mutti DO,et al.Parental history of myopia,sports and outdoor activities,and future myopia[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2007,48(8):3524-3532.
[7]邓艳梅,张欣,席薇.天津市汉族学生视力不良流行现状及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(02):207-209.
[8]Rose KA,Morgan IG,Ip J,et al.Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children[J].Ophthalmology,2008,115(8):1279-1285.
[9]He M,Xiang F,Zeng Y,et al.Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China:a randomized clinical trial[J].JAMA,2015,314(11):1142-1148.
[10]Guo Y,Liu LJ,Xu L,et al.Myopic shift and outdoor activity among primary school children:one-year follow-up study in Beijing[J].PLoS One,2013,8(9):e75260.
[11]Guggenheim JA,Northstone K,McMahon G,et al.Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood:a prospective cohort study[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2012,53(6):2856-2865.
[12]Feldkaemper M,Schaeffel F.An updated view on the role of dopamine in myopia[J].Exp Eye Res,2013,114:106-119.
[13]周珂晶,黄玉庚,姜黎,等.学龄前儿童近视环境因素调查分析[J].现代实用医学,2018,30(01):108-109,126.
[2]宋逸,胡佩瑾,董彦会,等.2014年全国各省、自治区、直辖市汉族学生视力不良现况分析[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2017,49(03):433-438.
[3]康利,张福艳,张红,等.2015-2016年自贡市中小学生近视流行现况与教室环境卫生关联性分析[J].中国校医,2018,32(01):27-29+31.
[4]张欣.重视儿童青少年近视环境危险因素的防控[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(01):6-8,12.
[5]Sham WK,Dirani M,Chong YS,et al.Breastfeeding and association with refractive error in young Singapore Chinese children[J].Eye(Lond),2010,24(5):875-880.
[6]Jones LA,Sinnott LT,Mutti DO,et al.Parental history of myopia,sports and outdoor activities,and future myopia[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2007,48(8):3524-3532.
[7]邓艳梅,张欣,席薇.天津市汉族学生视力不良流行现状及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(02):207-209.
[8]Rose KA,Morgan IG,Ip J,et al.Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children[J].Ophthalmology,2008,115(8):1279-1285.
[9]He M,Xiang F,Zeng Y,et al.Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China:a randomized clinical trial[J].JAMA,2015,314(11):1142-1148.
[10]Guo Y,Liu LJ,Xu L,et al.Myopic shift and outdoor activity among primary school children:one-year follow-up study in Beijing[J].PLoS One,2013,8(9):e75260.
[11]Guggenheim JA,Northstone K,McMahon G,et al.Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood:a prospective cohort study[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2012,53(6):2856-2865.
[12]Feldkaemper M,Schaeffel F.An updated view on the role of dopamine in myopia[J].Exp Eye Res,2013,114:106-119.
[13]周珂晶,黄玉庚,姜黎,等.学龄前儿童近视环境因素调查分析[J].现代实用医学,2018,30(01):108-109,126.