基于卫星遥感的新疆地表太阳总辐射估算
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摘要
为了实现地表太阳总辐射合理的精细化模拟,本文尝试将天文辐射分布式理论模型和总辐射气候学经验模型相结合,引入重采样后的FY-2G卫星遥感总云量资料,建立了基于卫星遥感数据的地表太阳总辐射估算模型,并以气象站点稀疏的新疆为例,完成年、季地表太阳总辐射的精细化空间模拟,同时对模拟结果进行分析和检验。结果表明:(1)新疆区域年天文辐射量由南向北递减,大致以天山为界,天山以南区域的年天文辐射量高于10 000 MJ·m~(-2),天山以北低于9750 MJ·m~(-2),三大山脉对天文辐射的影响非常明显;(2)基于条带状重采样后的FY-2G总云量建立的日照百分率模型,其模拟的新疆区域平均绝对误差14.4%,且空间分布更加客观;(3)新疆"单站单月式"地表太阳总辐射气候学估算模型中,相关系数在夏半年较高,冬半年略有下降,且a、b系数的互补关系较为稳定;(4)从地表太阳总辐射检验结果来看,全区地表太阳总辐射的均方根误差年平均3.08 MJ·m~(-2),模拟结果夏半年好于冬半年,南疆好于北疆,其中乌鲁木齐误差最大;(5)新疆年地表太阳总辐射整体表现为由西北向东南逐渐增加的空间分布,南疆盆地的总辐射量高于北疆盆地,天山山区西部为低值中心,而春、夏季总辐射由西向东呈经向分布,秋、冬季则呈纬向分布。
In order to reasonably and elaborately simulate the solar total radiation on the ground, based on the digital elevation model(DEM), total cloud amount of FY-2 G satellite and the cloud amount, sunshine, radiation data from weather stations, and combined the distributed theoretical model of astronomical radiation and climatology empirical model of total radiation, the integrated remote sensing model of solar total radiation was established. And taking Xinjiang with sparse weather stations as an example, the annual and seasonal solar total radiation was simulated and tested. The results are as follows:(1) The annual total astronomical radiation decreased from south to north in Xinjiang, the annual total astronomical radiation was greater than 10 000 MJ·m~(-2) in the south of Tianshan Mountain and was less than 9750 MJ·m~(-2) in the north of Tianshan Mountain, and the influence of mountain topography on astronomical radiation was very obvious.(2) The mean absolute error of sunshine percentage in Xinjiang was 14.4% between the observation and simulation of sunshine percentage model based on total cloud amount from FY-2 G satellite with the resampling scheme, and the spatial distribution of the simulated results was more objective.(3) The correlation coefficients in the climatology estimation model of solar total radiation with ‘single station and single month' were higher in summer half year(from April to September), while that decreased slightly in winter half year, and the complementary relationship was steadier between a and b coefficients.(4) The test results show that the effect of simulation on solar total radiation in summer half year was better than that in winter half year, and in the south of Xinjiang it was better than that in the north, and the average annual root mean square error in the whole region was 3.08 MJ·m~(-2), the error in Urumqi was the maximum.(5) The annual solar total radiation increased from northwest to southeast in Xinjiang, and that in the basin of southern Xinjiang was higher than that in the basin of northern Xinjiang, the low value center located in the west of Tianshan Mountains. The solar total radiation increased gradually from west to east in Xinjiang in spring and summer, while that appeared the latitudinal distribution in autumn and winter.
In order to reasonably and elaborately simulate the solar total radiation on the ground, based on the digital elevation model(DEM), total cloud amount of FY-2 G satellite and the cloud amount, sunshine, radiation data from weather stations, and combined the distributed theoretical model of astronomical radiation and climatology empirical model of total radiation, the integrated remote sensing model of solar total radiation was established. And taking Xinjiang with sparse weather stations as an example, the annual and seasonal solar total radiation was simulated and tested. The results are as follows:(1) The annual total astronomical radiation decreased from south to north in Xinjiang, the annual total astronomical radiation was greater than 10 000 MJ·m~(-2) in the south of Tianshan Mountain and was less than 9750 MJ·m~(-2) in the north of Tianshan Mountain, and the influence of mountain topography on astronomical radiation was very obvious.(2) The mean absolute error of sunshine percentage in Xinjiang was 14.4% between the observation and simulation of sunshine percentage model based on total cloud amount from FY-2 G satellite with the resampling scheme, and the spatial distribution of the simulated results was more objective.(3) The correlation coefficients in the climatology estimation model of solar total radiation with ‘single station and single month' were higher in summer half year(from April to September), while that decreased slightly in winter half year, and the complementary relationship was steadier between a and b coefficients.(4) The test results show that the effect of simulation on solar total radiation in summer half year was better than that in winter half year, and in the south of Xinjiang it was better than that in the north, and the average annual root mean square error in the whole region was 3.08 MJ·m~(-2), the error in Urumqi was the maximum.(5) The annual solar total radiation increased from northwest to southeast in Xinjiang, and that in the basin of southern Xinjiang was higher than that in the basin of northern Xinjiang, the low value center located in the west of Tianshan Mountains. The solar total radiation increased gradually from west to east in Xinjiang in spring and summer, while that appeared the latitudinal distribution in autumn and winter.
引文
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[2] 石广玉.大气辐射学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[3] 毛洋洋,赵艳霞,张祎,等.五个常见日太阳总辐射模型在华北地区的有效性验证及分析[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(5):520-530.
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[12] SUEHRCKE H,BOWDEN R S,HOLLANDS K G T.Relationship between sunshine duration and solar radiation[J].Solar Energy,2013,92:160-171.
[13] AMROUCHE B,PIVERT X L.Artificial neural network based daily local forecasting for global solar radiation[J].Applied Energy,2014,130:333-341.
[14] 王炳忠,张富国,李立贤.我国的太阳能资源及其计算[J].太阳能学报,1980,1(1):5-13.
[15] 祝昌汉.再论总辐射的气候学计算方法(一)[J].南京气象学院学报,1982,5(1):15-24.
[16] 祝昌汉.再论总辐射的气候学计算方法(二)[J].南京气象学院学报,1982,5(2):196-206.
[17] 卢燕宇,田红,侯恩兵,等.实际地形下地表太阳总辐射的简化算法及应用[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(7):397-406.
[18] 刘佳,何清,刘蕊,等.新疆太阳辐射特征及其太阳能资源状况[J].干旱气象,2008,26(4):61-66.
[19] 辛渝,赵逸舟,毛炜峄,等.新疆太阳总辐射资料的均一性检验与气候学估算式的再探讨[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):878-889.
[20] 陈志华,石广玉,车慧正.近40 a来新疆地区太阳辐射状况研究[J].干旱区地理,2005,8(6):734-739.
[21] 袁淑杰,李钰春,向乐,等.起伏地形下四川省太阳直接辐射时空分布特征[J].干旱气象,2016,34(1):20-25.
[22] 王潇宇.复杂地形下我国太阳总辐射的分布式模拟[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2005.
[23] 曾燕,邱新法,刘昌明,等.基于DEM的黄河流域天文辐射空间分布[J].地理学报,2003,58(6):810-816.
[24] 曹越前,张武,药静宇,等.半干旱区云量变化特征及其与太阳辐射关系的研究[J].干旱气象,2015,33(4):684-693.
[25] 刘瑞霞,陈洪滨,郑照军,等.总云量产品在中国区域的分析检验[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(5):571-578.
[26] SHI G P,QIU X F,ZENG Y,et al.Remote sensing integration model of sunshine percentage based on cloud cover images[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,17(6):1508-1517.
[27] CAO Y,HE Y J,QIU X F,et al.Correction methods of MODIS cloud product based on ground observation data[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,16(2):325-342.
[28] 周旭,张镭,孙乃秀,等.一次沙尘天气过程中沙尘气溶胶对辐射的影响[J].干旱气象,2016,34(5):763-771.
[29] 和清华,谢云.我国太阳总辐射气候学计算方法研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(2):308-319.
[30] WANG C L,YUE T X.Solar radiation climatology calculation in China[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2014,5(2):132-138.
[31] LI M F,LIU H B,GUO P T,et al.Estimation of daily solar radiation from routinely observed meteorological data in Chongqing,China[J].Energy Conversion & Management,2010,51(12):2575-2579.
[2] 石广玉.大气辐射学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[3] 毛洋洋,赵艳霞,张祎,等.五个常见日太阳总辐射模型在华北地区的有效性验证及分析[J].中国农业气象,2016,37(5):520-530.
[4] 王丽,邱新法,王培法,等.复杂地形下长江流域太阳总辐射的分布式模拟[J].地理学报,2010,65(5):543-552.
[5] LI M F,FAN L,LIU H B,et al.A general model for estimation of daily global solar radiation using air temperatures and site geographic parameters in Southwest China[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2013,92(14):145-150.
[6] 李新,程国栋,陈贤章,等.任意地形条件下太阳辐射模型的改进[J].科学通报,1999,44(9):993-998.
[7] 李军,黄敬峰,王秀珍,等.山区太阳直接辐射的空间高分辨率分布模型[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(9):141-145.
[8] ZENG Y,QIU X F,LIU C M,et al.Distributed modelling of direct solar radiation of rugged terrain over the Yellow River basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(4):680-688.
[9] 刘玲,刘建栋,邬定荣,等.云南山地太阳总辐射的分布式模拟[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(1):13-19.
[10] ANGSTR?M A.Solar and terrestrial radiation[J].Monthly Weather Review,1924,52(8):121-126.
[11] PRESCOTT J A.Evaporation from a water surface in relation to solar radiation[J].Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia,1940,64:114-118.
[12] SUEHRCKE H,BOWDEN R S,HOLLANDS K G T.Relationship between sunshine duration and solar radiation[J].Solar Energy,2013,92:160-171.
[13] AMROUCHE B,PIVERT X L.Artificial neural network based daily local forecasting for global solar radiation[J].Applied Energy,2014,130:333-341.
[14] 王炳忠,张富国,李立贤.我国的太阳能资源及其计算[J].太阳能学报,1980,1(1):5-13.
[15] 祝昌汉.再论总辐射的气候学计算方法(一)[J].南京气象学院学报,1982,5(1):15-24.
[16] 祝昌汉.再论总辐射的气候学计算方法(二)[J].南京气象学院学报,1982,5(2):196-206.
[17] 卢燕宇,田红,侯恩兵,等.实际地形下地表太阳总辐射的简化算法及应用[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(7):397-406.
[18] 刘佳,何清,刘蕊,等.新疆太阳辐射特征及其太阳能资源状况[J].干旱气象,2008,26(4):61-66.
[19] 辛渝,赵逸舟,毛炜峄,等.新疆太阳总辐射资料的均一性检验与气候学估算式的再探讨[J].高原气象,2011,30(4):878-889.
[20] 陈志华,石广玉,车慧正.近40 a来新疆地区太阳辐射状况研究[J].干旱区地理,2005,8(6):734-739.
[21] 袁淑杰,李钰春,向乐,等.起伏地形下四川省太阳直接辐射时空分布特征[J].干旱气象,2016,34(1):20-25.
[22] 王潇宇.复杂地形下我国太阳总辐射的分布式模拟[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2005.
[23] 曾燕,邱新法,刘昌明,等.基于DEM的黄河流域天文辐射空间分布[J].地理学报,2003,58(6):810-816.
[24] 曹越前,张武,药静宇,等.半干旱区云量变化特征及其与太阳辐射关系的研究[J].干旱气象,2015,33(4):684-693.
[25] 刘瑞霞,陈洪滨,郑照军,等.总云量产品在中国区域的分析检验[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(5):571-578.
[26] SHI G P,QIU X F,ZENG Y,et al.Remote sensing integration model of sunshine percentage based on cloud cover images[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,17(6):1508-1517.
[27] CAO Y,HE Y J,QIU X F,et al.Correction methods of MODIS cloud product based on ground observation data[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,16(2):325-342.
[28] 周旭,张镭,孙乃秀,等.一次沙尘天气过程中沙尘气溶胶对辐射的影响[J].干旱气象,2016,34(5):763-771.
[29] 和清华,谢云.我国太阳总辐射气候学计算方法研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(2):308-319.
[30] WANG C L,YUE T X.Solar radiation climatology calculation in China[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2014,5(2):132-138.
[31] LI M F,LIU H B,GUO P T,et al.Estimation of daily solar radiation from routinely observed meteorological data in Chongqing,China[J].Energy Conversion & Management,2010,51(12):2575-2579.