山西省电子废物回收地周边土壤重金属污染研究
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摘要
研究山西省电子废物回收正规处理企业与非正规回收拆解集散地周边土壤重金属污染情况及其生态风险。结果表明,6种重金属中Zn、Cu、Cr含量较高,其最大浓度分别是土壤背景值的3. 5倍、5. 6倍和2. 3倍。土壤中Cu造成的潜在生态危害相对较大,Zn污染指数最高,其最大浓度已达到农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。与非正规拆解地相比,正规企业重金属污染程度虽小,但是对土壤中Zn、Cr的污染贡献较大,分别达到非正规拆解地的1. 2倍和1. 7倍。明确了山西省电子废物拆解地周边土壤污染现状及其在全国同类型污染地块中的重金属污染水平,从而为土壤污染防治工作的实施奠定基础。
Studying the heavy metals in soil and the potential ecological risk of the formal recycling facility and an informal recycling center of e-waste recycling sites in Shanxi province. The result showed that the contents of Zn,Cu and Cr in soil were higher than other elements,and the highest concentrations of them were 3. 5,5. 6 and 2. 3 times higher than those of background values,respectively. Cu exhibited the worst potential impact on ecology,and Zn had the highest contamination index. The highest Zn in soil was up to the risk screening value for soil contamination of agricultural land. Higher concentrations of heavy metals in soil were observed in the vicinity of informal recycling center,however,the formal recycling facility made 1. 2 and 1. 7 times more contributions to Zn and Cr,respectively. The heavy metals in soil due to e-waste recycling in Shanxi province and its contamination level,in comparison with other similar sites in China,have been identified,which could provide the foundational support for soil contamination prevention and control.
Studying the heavy metals in soil and the potential ecological risk of the formal recycling facility and an informal recycling center of e-waste recycling sites in Shanxi province. The result showed that the contents of Zn,Cu and Cr in soil were higher than other elements,and the highest concentrations of them were 3. 5,5. 6 and 2. 3 times higher than those of background values,respectively. Cu exhibited the worst potential impact on ecology,and Zn had the highest contamination index. The highest Zn in soil was up to the risk screening value for soil contamination of agricultural land. Higher concentrations of heavy metals in soil were observed in the vicinity of informal recycling center,however,the formal recycling facility made 1. 2 and 1. 7 times more contributions to Zn and Cr,respectively. The heavy metals in soil due to e-waste recycling in Shanxi province and its contamination level,in comparison with other similar sites in China,have been identified,which could provide the foundational support for soil contamination prevention and control.
引文
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[20]李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1037-1044.
[21]虞敏达,张慧,何小松,等.典型农业活动区土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1500-1507.
[22] Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control——A sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14(7):975-1001.
[2] Zhang W H,Wu Y X,Simonnot M O. Soil contamination due to e-waste disposal and recycling activities:a review with special focus on China[J]. Pedosphere,2012,22(4):434-455.
[3]罗勇,余晓华,杨中艺,等.电子废物不当处置的重金属污染及其环境风险评价I.电子废物焚烧迹地的重金属污染[J].生态毒理学报,2008(3):34-41.
[4]山西省环境保护厅.山西省废弃电器电子产品处理信息公示[EB/OL].(2017-11-10)[2018-09-22]http://www. sxhb. gov. cn/html/dzcpclqy.
[5]中华人民共和国环境保护部.全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报[EB/OL].(2017-12-06)[2018-09-22]http://trhj. mee. gov. cn/gtfwhjgl/zhgl/.
[6]山西省人民政府.山西省土壤污染防治2017年行动计划[EB/OL].(2017-05-04)[2018-09-22]http://www. shanxi. gov. cn/sxszfxxgk/sxsrmzfzcbm/sxszfbgt/flfg_7203/bgtgfxwj_7206/201705/t20170504_299070. shtml.
[7]张娟,王海芳,李颖.山西省电子废物塑料回收处理现状分析[J].现代化工,2017,137(12):9-13.
[8]潘虹梅,李凤全,叶玮,等.电子废弃物拆解业对周边土壤环境的影响——以台州路桥下谷吞村为例[J].浙江师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,30(1):103-108.
[9]张金莲,丁疆峰,卢桂宁,等.广东清远电子垃圾拆解区农田土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境科学,2015(7):2633-2640.
[10]罗勇,罗孝俊,杨中艺,等.电子废物不当处置的重金属污染及其环境风险评价II.分布于人居环境(村镇)内的电子废物拆解作坊及其附近农田的土壤重金属污染[J].生态毒理学报,2008,2(3):123-129.
[11] Oguri T,Suzuki G,Matsukami H,et al. Exposure assessment of heavy metals in an e-waste processing area in northern Vietnam[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,621:1115-1123.
[12] Wu W C,Dong C X,Wu J H,et al. Ecological effects of soil properties and metal concentrations on the composition and diversity of microbial communities associated with land use patterns in an electronic waste recycling region[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,601/602:57-65.
[13] Xing G H,Liang Y,Chen L X,et al. Exposure to PCBs,through inhalation,dermal contact and dust ingestion at Taizhou,China——A major site for recycling transformers[J]. Chemosphere,2011,83(4):605-611.
[14] Han W,Gao G H,Geng J Y,et al. Ecological and health risks assessment and spatial distribution of residual heavy metals in the soil of an e-waste circular economy park in Tianjin,China[J]. Chemosphere,2018,197:325-335.
[15] Tang X J,Shen C F,Shi D Z,et al. Heavy metal and persistent organic compound contamination in soil from Wenling:An emerging e-waste recycling city in Taizhou area,China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,173(1/2/3):653-660.
[16] Zhang Q,Ye J J,Chen J Y,et al. Risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metals in soils of an abandoned e-waste site in China[J]. Environmental pollution,2014,185:258-265.
[17] Li J H,Duan H B,Shi P X. Heavy metal contamination of surface soil in electronic waste dismantling area:site investigation and source-apportionment analysis[J]. Waste Management&Research,2011,29(7):727-738.
[18] Luo C L,Liu C P,Wang Y,et al. Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables near an e-waste processing site,south China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,186(1):481-490.
[19] Wu Q H,Jonathan Y S Leung,Geng X H,et al. Heavy metal contamination of soil and water in the vicinity of an abandoned e-waste recycling site:Implications for dissemination of heavy metals[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2015,506/507:217-225.
[20]李一蒙,马建华,刘德新,等.开封城市土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1037-1044.
[21]虞敏达,张慧,何小松,等.典型农业活动区土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1500-1507.
[22] Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control——A sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14(7):975-1001.