考虑碳排放权交易的航空公司动态价格竞争复杂性
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摘要
为研究碳排放权交易对航空公司动态价格竞争复杂性的影响,运用非线性动力学与博弈理论,建立了具有不同价格调整机制的航空公司动态价格竞争模型,分析了模型均衡点的存在性和稳定性,并通过数值仿真探讨了航空公司CO_2排放系数对价格竞争稳定域、稳定性和均衡结果的影响.研究结果表明:CO_2排放系数超过某一临界值,将会出现分岔、混沌等复杂现象;分岔或混沌现象并非对市场中所有航空公司都是不利的;选取合适的控制因子,延迟反馈控制法可对陷入混沌的竞争模型实施有效的混沌控制;航空公司应积极采取减排措施,以维护市场的有序竞争、提升自身的竞争绩效.
To investigate the effect of carbon emission trading on airlines' dynamic price competition, the airlines' dynamic price competition model based on carbon emission trading is established by using the bifurcation and game theories. The existence and stability of the equilibrium points are discussed, and the influence of carbon emission coefficient on stable region, bifurcation and competition equilibrium are investigated. The results show that when emission coefficient is out of stable region, the bifurcation and chaos will occur. Some airlines may get extra profit from bifurcation and chaos. The dynamic price competition model enables to maintain stable with controlled by time-delayed feedback control method if appropriate control factor is chosen. The airlines need to carry out some mitigating measures in order to maintain ordered market and improve their competition performances.
To investigate the effect of carbon emission trading on airlines' dynamic price competition, the airlines' dynamic price competition model based on carbon emission trading is established by using the bifurcation and game theories. The existence and stability of the equilibrium points are discussed, and the influence of carbon emission coefficient on stable region, bifurcation and competition equilibrium are investigated. The results show that when emission coefficient is out of stable region, the bifurcation and chaos will occur. Some airlines may get extra profit from bifurcation and chaos. The dynamic price competition model enables to maintain stable with controlled by time-delayed feedback control method if appropriate control factor is chosen. The airlines need to carry out some mitigating measures in order to maintain ordered market and improve their competition performances.
引文
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[2]HIDEKI FUKUI,CHIKAGE MIYOSHI.The impact ofaviation fuel tax on fuel consumption and carbonemissions:The case of the US airline industry[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport andEnvironment,2017(50):234-253.
[3]CHIKAGE MIYOSHI.Assessing the equity impact ofthe european union emission trading scheme on anafrican airline[J].Transport Policy,2014(33):56–64.
[4]CUI Q,WEI Y M,LI Y.Exploring the impacts of the EUETS emission limits on airline performance via theDynamic Environmental DEA approach[J].AppliedEnergy,2016(183):984-994.
[5]JIUH-BIING SHEU.Airline ambidextrous competitionunder an emissions trading scheme-A reference-dependent behavioral perspective[J].TransportationResearch Part B,2014(60):115-145.
[6]DANIEL F OTERO,RAHA AKHAVAN-TABATABAEI.A stochastic dynamic pricing model forthe multiclass problems in the airline industry[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2015,242(1):188-200.
[7]LUO L,PENG J H.Dynamic pricing model for airlinerevenue management under competition[J].SystemsEngineering-Theory&Practice,2017,27(11):15-25.
[8]HU R,XIA H S,JIANG Y.Complex dynamics forAirlines’price competition with differentiation strategy[J].Journal of Transportation SystemsEngineering and Information Technology,2013,13(1):11-16.
[9]胡荣,夏洪山.航空公司动态价格竞争复杂性及混沌控制——基于不同竞争战略与不同理性的分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2013,33(1):151-158.[HU R,XIA H S.Complexity analysis and chaos control ofairlines’dynamic price competition:An application ofdifferent competition strategies and heterogeneousplayers[J].Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice,2013,33(1):151-158.]
[10]李天睿,胡荣,李东亚,等.中国航空运输市场结构特征分析及评价[J].华东交通大学学报,2015,32(3):63-69.[LI T R,HU R,LI D Y,et al.Feature analysisand evaluation of air transportation market structure inChina[J].Journal of East China Jiaotong University,2015,32(3):63-69.]
[11]乔晗,宋楠,高宏伟.关于欧盟航空碳税应对策略的Stackelberg博弈模型分析[J].系统工程理论与实践,2014,34(1):158-167.[QIAO H,SONG N,GAO H W.Analysis on the strategies of Europe Union’s airlinecarbon tax with Stackelberg game models[J].SystemsEngineering-Theory&Practice,2014,34(1):158-167.]