紫色土丘陵区小流域不同土地利用方式土壤氮磷储量特征
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摘要
[目的]了解紫色土丘陵区小流域不同土地利用方式下土壤氮磷特征。[方法]采集典型小流域林地、旱地、水旱轮作田的分层土壤样品,研究不同土地利用方式下土壤氮磷含量及储量变化,探讨土地利用方式对紫色土丘陵区小流域土壤氮磷库的影响。[结果]3种土地利用方式下,土壤全氮、硝态氮、全磷含量存在显著差异,相同土层土壤全氮含量表现为水旱轮作田>林地>旱地,旱地和水旱轮作田的硝态氮、全磷含量显著高于林地。土壤全氮、硝态氮、全磷含量均随土壤深度增加而下降,表现出明显的表聚性。土壤全氮储量表现为水旱轮作田(684 t/hm2)>旱地(448 t/hm2)>林地(372 t/hm2);土壤全磷储量与土壤全氮储量变化规律相似,水旱轮作田土壤全磷储量(389 t/kg)最高,其次是旱地(373 t/hm2)和林地(153 t/hm2);林地与旱地、水旱轮作田土壤硝态氮储量具有显著差异,且表现为旱地(104.68 kg/hm2)>水旱轮作田(79.70 kg/hm2)>林地(14.81 kg/hm2)。[结论]紫色土丘陵区林地土壤养分固持潜力较大,而耕地土壤氮磷等养分流失风险较高。
[Objective]To clarify the characteristic of soil nitrogen and phosphorus of different land use modes in the purple soil area of central Sichuan Basin. [Method] Soil samples were collected on soil profile for forest land,upland filed and paddy field from 27 sampling sites within a small watershed,and the variation of soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents and reserves of different land use modes was researched,and the effect of the land use modes on the soil nitrogen and phosphorus pools in the watershed of Central Sichuan Basin was identified. [Result]The contents of soil total nitrogen(STN),nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N) and soil total phosphorus(STP) were significant influenced by land use modes,and the contents of STN in the same soil layer under different land use modes were as the following orders: paddy filed>forest land>upland field; and the contents of soil NO3--N and STP in paddy field and upland field were significantly higher than that in forest land. The contents of STN,NO3--N,and STP under different land use modes decreased with the increase of soil depth and showed obvious characteristic of surface accumulation. The stocks of STN under different land use modes were as the following orders: paddy filed(684 t/hm2) >upland field(448 t/hm2) >forest land(372 t/hm2); the STP stocks had the same trend as STN stocks,and the STP stocks was highest in paddy field(389 t/kg),followed by upland field(373 t/hm2) and forest land(153 t/hm2); the soil NO3--N stocks in forest land were significant different with the stocks in paddy field and upland field,and the NO3--N stocks were as the following order: upland field(101.68 kg/hm2) >paddy filed(70.70 kg/hm2) >forest land(14.8 kg/hm2).[Conclusion]The potential of soil nutrient sequestration was significant in forest land,especially for STN,and the risk of nutrient loss from upland field and paddy field was very high in the purple soil area of central Sichuan Basin.
[Objective]To clarify the characteristic of soil nitrogen and phosphorus of different land use modes in the purple soil area of central Sichuan Basin. [Method] Soil samples were collected on soil profile for forest land,upland filed and paddy field from 27 sampling sites within a small watershed,and the variation of soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents and reserves of different land use modes was researched,and the effect of the land use modes on the soil nitrogen and phosphorus pools in the watershed of Central Sichuan Basin was identified. [Result]The contents of soil total nitrogen(STN),nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N) and soil total phosphorus(STP) were significant influenced by land use modes,and the contents of STN in the same soil layer under different land use modes were as the following orders: paddy filed>forest land>upland field; and the contents of soil NO3--N and STP in paddy field and upland field were significantly higher than that in forest land. The contents of STN,NO3--N,and STP under different land use modes decreased with the increase of soil depth and showed obvious characteristic of surface accumulation. The stocks of STN under different land use modes were as the following orders: paddy filed(684 t/hm2) >upland field(448 t/hm2) >forest land(372 t/hm2); the STP stocks had the same trend as STN stocks,and the STP stocks was highest in paddy field(389 t/kg),followed by upland field(373 t/hm2) and forest land(153 t/hm2); the soil NO3--N stocks in forest land were significant different with the stocks in paddy field and upland field,and the NO3--N stocks were as the following order: upland field(101.68 kg/hm2) >paddy filed(70.70 kg/hm2) >forest land(14.8 kg/hm2).[Conclusion]The potential of soil nutrient sequestration was significant in forest land,especially for STN,and the risk of nutrient loss from upland field and paddy field was very high in the purple soil area of central Sichuan Basin.
引文
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[14]孔庆波,白由路,杨俐苹,等.黄淮海平原农田土壤磷素空间分布特征及影响因素研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(5):10-14.
[15]朱海强,李艳红,张小萌.艾比湖湿地不同植物群落下土壤全磷空间变异[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(5):45-50.
[16]朱波,况福虹,高美荣,等.土层厚度对紫色土坡地生产力的影响[J].山地学报,2009,27(6):735-739.
[17]BANGROO S A,NAJAR G R,RASOOL A.Effect of altitude and aspect on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in the Himalayan Mawer Forest Range[J].CATENA,2017,158:63-68.
[18]PAN K W,XU Z H,BLUMFIELD T,et al.In situ mineral15N dynamics and fate of added15NH4+in hoop pine plantation and adjacent native forest in subtropical Australia[J]. Journal of soil and sediments,2008,8(6):398-405.
[19]王艳芳,刘领,李志超,等.豫西黄土丘陵区不同林龄栎类和侧柏人工林碳、氮储量[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(1):25-32.
[20]LI D F,SHAO M A.Soil organic carbon and influencing factors in different landscapes in an arid region of northwestern China[J]. CATENA,2014,116:95-104.
[21]王棣,耿增超,佘雕,等.秦岭典型林分土壤活性有机碳及碳储量垂直分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1569-1577.
[22]WANG T,KANG F F,CHENG X Q,et al.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks under different land uses in a hilly ecological restoration area of North China[J].Soil&tillage research,2016,163:176-184.
[23]GELAW A M,SINGH B R,LAL R.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks under different land uses in a semi-arid watershed in Tigray,Northern Ethiopia[J]. Agriculture,ecosystems and environment,2014,188:256-263.
[24]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,等.县域农田土壤氮素空间分布特征及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(6):1497-1503.
[25]杨小林,李义玲,朱波,等.紫色土小流域不同土地利用类型的土壤氮素时空分异特征[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(10):2807-2813.
[26]MO J M,YU M D,KONG G H.The dynamics of soil NH4+-N and NO3--N in a pine forest of Dinhushan,as assessed by ion exchange resin bag method[J].Journal of plant ecology,1997,21(4):335-341.
[27]黄容,潘开文,王进闯,等.岷江上游半干旱河谷区3种林型土壤氮素的比较[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1210-1216.
[28]ZHU B,WANG T,KUANG F H,et al.Measurements of nitrate leaching from a hillslope cropland in the Central Sichuan Basin,China[J].Soil science society of America journal,2009,73(4):1419-1426.
[29]肖春艳,贺玉晓,赵同谦,等.退耕湿地典型植被群落土壤氮分布及储量特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):138-142,147.
[30]王卫霞,史作民,罗达,等.我国南亚热带几种人工林生态系统碳氮储量[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):925-933.
[31]李双来,胡诚,乔艳,等.水稻小麦种植模式下长期定位施肥土壤氮的垂直变化及氮储量[J].生态环境学报,2010,26(6):1334-1337.
[32]武俊喜,程序,焦加国,等.1940—2002年长江中下游平原乡村景观区域中耕地类型及其土壤氮磷储量的变化[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6309-6322.
[2]张泽宇,李占斌,李鹏,等.汉江小流域土壤氮素空间分布特征及影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(4):46-52,58.
[3] ELLERT B H,GREGORICH E G.Storage of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in cultivated and adjacent forested soils of Ontario[J].Soil science,1996,161(9):587-603.
[4]郭焱培,杨弦,安尼瓦尔·买买提,等.中国北方温带灌丛生态系统碳、氮、磷储量[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(1):14-21.
[5]YU D P,WANG X Y,YIN Y,et al.Estimates of forest biomass carbon storage in Liaoning province of northeast China:A review and assessment[J].PLoS One,2014,9(2):1-12.
[6]FINZI A C,VAN BREEMEN N,CANHAM C D.Canopy tree-soil interactions within temperate forests:Species effects on soil carbon and nitrogen[J].Ecological applications,1998,8(2):440-446.
[7]SIX J,PAUSTIAN K.Aggregate-associated soil organic matter as an ecosystem property and a measurement tool[J].Soil biology and biochemistry,2014,68:A4-A9.
[8]SAKIN E.Organic carbon organic matter and bulk density relationships in arid-semi arid soils in Southeast Anatolia region[J].African journal of biotechnology,2014,11:1373-1377.
[9]GELAW A M,SINGH B R,LAL R.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks under different land uses in a semi-arid watershed in Tigray,North Ethiopia[J].Agriculture,ecosystems&environment,2014,188(15):256-263.
[10]董云中,王永亮,张建杰,等.晋西北黄土高原丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤碳氮储量[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(4):955-960.
[11]SCHROTH G,D’ANGELO S A,TEIXEIRA W G,et al.Conversion of secondary forest into agroforestry and monoculture plantations in Amazonia:Consequences for biomass,litter and soil carbon stocks after 7 years[J].'Forest ecology and management,2002,163(1/2/3):131-150.
[12]曹静娟,尚占环,郭瑞英,等.开垦和弃耕对黑河上游亚高山草甸土壤氮库的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(4):171-175.
[13]陈志超,杨小林,刘昌华.万安流域不同土地利用类型土壤全磷时空分异特征[J].土壤通报,2014,45(4):857-862.
[14]孔庆波,白由路,杨俐苹,等.黄淮海平原农田土壤磷素空间分布特征及影响因素研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(5):10-14.
[15]朱海强,李艳红,张小萌.艾比湖湿地不同植物群落下土壤全磷空间变异[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(5):45-50.
[16]朱波,况福虹,高美荣,等.土层厚度对紫色土坡地生产力的影响[J].山地学报,2009,27(6):735-739.
[17]BANGROO S A,NAJAR G R,RASOOL A.Effect of altitude and aspect on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in the Himalayan Mawer Forest Range[J].CATENA,2017,158:63-68.
[18]PAN K W,XU Z H,BLUMFIELD T,et al.In situ mineral15N dynamics and fate of added15NH4+in hoop pine plantation and adjacent native forest in subtropical Australia[J]. Journal of soil and sediments,2008,8(6):398-405.
[19]王艳芳,刘领,李志超,等.豫西黄土丘陵区不同林龄栎类和侧柏人工林碳、氮储量[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(1):25-32.
[20]LI D F,SHAO M A.Soil organic carbon and influencing factors in different landscapes in an arid region of northwestern China[J]. CATENA,2014,116:95-104.
[21]王棣,耿增超,佘雕,等.秦岭典型林分土壤活性有机碳及碳储量垂直分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1569-1577.
[22]WANG T,KANG F F,CHENG X Q,et al.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks under different land uses in a hilly ecological restoration area of North China[J].Soil&tillage research,2016,163:176-184.
[23]GELAW A M,SINGH B R,LAL R.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks under different land uses in a semi-arid watershed in Tigray,Northern Ethiopia[J]. Agriculture,ecosystems and environment,2014,188:256-263.
[24]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,等.县域农田土壤氮素空间分布特征及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(6):1497-1503.
[25]杨小林,李义玲,朱波,等.紫色土小流域不同土地利用类型的土壤氮素时空分异特征[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(10):2807-2813.
[26]MO J M,YU M D,KONG G H.The dynamics of soil NH4+-N and NO3--N in a pine forest of Dinhushan,as assessed by ion exchange resin bag method[J].Journal of plant ecology,1997,21(4):335-341.
[27]黄容,潘开文,王进闯,等.岷江上游半干旱河谷区3种林型土壤氮素的比较[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1210-1216.
[28]ZHU B,WANG T,KUANG F H,et al.Measurements of nitrate leaching from a hillslope cropland in the Central Sichuan Basin,China[J].Soil science society of America journal,2009,73(4):1419-1426.
[29]肖春艳,贺玉晓,赵同谦,等.退耕湿地典型植被群落土壤氮分布及储量特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):138-142,147.
[30]王卫霞,史作民,罗达,等.我国南亚热带几种人工林生态系统碳氮储量[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):925-933.
[31]李双来,胡诚,乔艳,等.水稻小麦种植模式下长期定位施肥土壤氮的垂直变化及氮储量[J].生态环境学报,2010,26(6):1334-1337.
[32]武俊喜,程序,焦加国,等.1940—2002年长江中下游平原乡村景观区域中耕地类型及其土壤氮磷储量的变化[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6309-6322.