东北地区春玉米物候期时空动态变化特征
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摘要
利用1981～2012年东北地区农业气象观测站的物候期观测记录,分析春玉米关键生育期及不同生育阶段的空间分布及变化趋势,为春玉米种植的适应策略提供支撑。研究结果表明,东北地区春玉米平均播种期、拔节期、开花期及成熟期日序的变化范围分别为112～139、170～193、196～213和249～270 d,物候期空间分布整体表现为纬度越高物候期越迟的趋势。播种期、拔节期、开花期及成熟期的倾向率分别在-0.53～0.8、-0.4～0.5、-0.7～0.65和-0.22～0.65 d/年。各生育期长度的空间分布差异不明显,营养生长期、并进期、生殖生长期及全生育期长度的范围分别为42～70、17～31、47～62、119～155 d。营养生长期倾向率大多在0～0.7 d/年,并进期倾向率大多在-0.88～0.48 d/年,生殖生长期倾向率大多在0～0.76 d/年,全生育期倾向率大多在0～0.5 d/年。
In this study, the spatial distribution and variation trend of spring maize key growth period and differ-ent growth stages were analyzed using the phenological observation records of agricultural meteorological observa-tion stations in Northeast China from 1981 to 2012, to support the adaptation strategy of spring maize cultivation.The study shows that: The average sowing period, jointing stage, flowering period and maturing date of spring maize in Northeast China were 112-139, 170-193, 196-213 and 249-270 d, and the spatial distribution of phenological period showed that the phenological period delayed as the dimension increases. The tendency of sowing period, joint-ing stage, flowering period and maturing date of spring maize was between(-0.53)-0.8,(-0.4)-0.5,(-0.7)-0.65 and (-0.22)-0.65 d/year. The spatial distribution of the growth period was not obvious. The length of the vegetative growth period, the period of growth, the period of reproductive growth and the growth period were 42-70, 17-31, 47-62, 119-155 d. The trend of vegetative growth was mostly in the range of 0-0.7 d/year, and the trend of progressive trend was mostly between(-0.88)-0.48 d/year, the reproductive tendency tendency was mostly in 0-0.76 d/year,the overall growth rate of most of the 0-0.5 d/year.
In this study, the spatial distribution and variation trend of spring maize key growth period and differ-ent growth stages were analyzed using the phenological observation records of agricultural meteorological observa-tion stations in Northeast China from 1981 to 2012, to support the adaptation strategy of spring maize cultivation.The study shows that: The average sowing period, jointing stage, flowering period and maturing date of spring maize in Northeast China were 112-139, 170-193, 196-213 and 249-270 d, and the spatial distribution of phenological period showed that the phenological period delayed as the dimension increases. The tendency of sowing period, joint-ing stage, flowering period and maturing date of spring maize was between(-0.53)-0.8,(-0.4)-0.5,(-0.7)-0.65 and (-0.22)-0.65 d/year. The spatial distribution of the growth period was not obvious. The length of the vegetative growth period, the period of growth, the period of reproductive growth and the growth period were 42-70, 17-31, 47-62, 119-155 d. The trend of vegetative growth was mostly in the range of 0-0.7 d/year, and the trend of progressive trend was mostly between(-0.88)-0.48 d/year, the reproductive tendency tendency was mostly in 0-0.76 d/year,the overall growth rate of most of the 0-0.5 d/year.
引文
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[5]马树庆,王琪,罗新兰.基于分期播种的气候变化对东北地区玉米(Zea mays)生长发育和产量的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2131-2139.Ma S Q,Wang Q,Luo X L.Effect of climate change on maize(Zea mays)growth and yield based on stage sowing[J].Acta Ecologica Si-nica,2008,28(5):2131-2139.(in Chinese)
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[7]赵锦,杨晓光,刘志娟,等.全球气候变暖对中国种植制度的可能影响Ⅹ.气候变化对东北三省春玉米气候适宜性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(16):3143-3156.Zhao J,Yang X G,Liu Z J,et al.The possible effects of global warm-ing on cropping systems in ChinaⅩ.The possible impacts of cli-mate change on climatic suitability of spring maize in the three prov-inces of Northeast China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(16):3143-3156.(in Chinese)
[8]赵俊芳,杨晓光,刘志娟.气候变暖对东北三省春玉米严重低温冷害及种植布局的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(12):6544-6551.Zhao J F,Yang X G,Liu Z J.Influence of climate warming on seri-ous low temperature and cold damage and cultivation pattern of spring maize in Northeast China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(12):6544-6551.(in Chinese)
[9]尹小刚,王猛,孔箐锌,等.东北地区高温对玉米生产的影响及对策[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):186-198.Yin X G,Wang M,Kong Q X,et al.Impacts of high temperature on maize production and adaptation measures in Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,Jan.2015,26(1):186-198.(in Chinese)
[10]云雅如,方修琦,王媛,等.黑龙江省过去20年粮食作物种植格局变化及其气候背景[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):697-704.Yun Y R,Fang X Q,Wang Y,et al.Main grain crops structural change and its climate background in Heilongjiang province during the past two decades[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2005,20(5):697-704.(in Chinese)
[11]朱晓禧,方修琦,王媛.基于遥感的黑龙江省西部水稻、玉米种植范围对温度变化的响应[J].地理科学,2008,28(1):66-71.Zhu X X,Fang X Q,Wang Y.Responses of corn and rice planting area to temperature changes based on RS in the west of Heilongji-ang province[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(1):66-71.(in Chinese)
[12]Craufurd P Q,Wheeler T R.Climate change and the flowering time of annual crops[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2009,60(9):2529-2539.
[13]Kelman W M,Dove H.Growth and phenology of winter wheat and oats in a dual-purpose management system[J].Crop Pasture Sci.,2009,60:921-932.
[14]张建平,赵艳霞,王春乙,等.气候变化情景下东北地区玉米产量变化模拟[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):448-1452.Zhang J P,Zhao Y X,Wang C Y,et al.Simulation of maize produc-tion under climate change scenario in Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(6):1448-1452.(in Chinese)
[15]赵秀兰.近50年中国东北地区气候变化对农业的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(9):144-149.Zhao X L.Influence of climate change on agriculture in Northeast China in recent 50 years.Journal of Northeast Agricultural Univer-sity,2010,41(9):144-149.(in Chinese)
[16]李正国,杨鹏,唐华俊,等.气候变化背景下东北三省主要作物典型物候期变化趋势分析[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4180-4189.Li Z G,Yang P,Tang H J,et al.Trend analysis of typical pheno-phases of major crops under climate change in the three provinces of Northeast China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica.2011,44(20):4180-4189.(in Chinese)
[17]刘月娥.玉米对区域光、温、水资源变化的相应研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2013.
[18]穆佳,赵俊芳,郭建平.近30年东北春玉米发育期对气候变化的响应[J].应用气象学报,2014,125(6):680-689.Mu J,Zhao J F,Guo J P.Response of spring maize growth stage to climate change in Northeast China over past 30 Years[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2014,125(6):680-689.(in Chi-nese)
[19]Li Z G,Yang P,Tang H J,et al.Response of maize phenology to cli-mate warming in Northeast China between 1990 and 2012[J].Re-gional Environmental change,2014,14:39-48.
[20]Xiao D P,Tao F L,Liu Y J,et al.Observed changes in winter wheat phenology in the North China Plain for 1981-2009[J].Int J.Biometeorol,2013,57:275-285.
[21]翟治芬,胡玮,严昌荣,等.中国玉米生育期变化及其影响因子研究[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(22):4587-4603.Zhai Z F,Hu W,Yan C R,et al.Change of Maize Growth Period and Its Impact Factor in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(22):4587-4603.(in Chinese)
[22]李正国,杨鹏,唐华俊,等.近20年来东北三省春玉米物候期变化趋势及其对温度的时空响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5818-5827.Li Z G,Yang P,Tang H J,et al.Trends of spring maize phenophases and spatio-temporal responses to temperature in three provinces of Northeast China during the past 20 years[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(18):5818-5827.(in Chinese)
[23]陈群,耿婷,侯雯嘉,等.近20年东北气候变暖对春玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(10):1904-1916.Chen Q,Geng T,Hou W J,et al.Impacts of climate warming on growth and yield of spring maize in recent 20 years in Northeast China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(10):1904-1916.(in Chinese)
[24]张厚宝.玉米品种郑单958在东北春玉米区的生态适应性研究[D].山东农业大学,2009.
[25]秦雅,刘玉洁,葛全胜.气候变化背景下1981-2010年中国玉米物候变化时空分异[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):906-916.Qin Y,Liu Y J,Ge Q S.Spatiotemporal variations in maize phenolo-gy of China under climate change from 1981 to 2010[J].Acta Geo-graphica Sinica,2018,73(5):906-916.(in Chinese)
[2]贾建英,郭建平.东北地区近46年气候变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(10):109-115.Jia J Y,Guo J P.Characteristics of climate change in northeast Chi-na for last 46 years[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environ-ment,2011,25(10):109-115.(in Chinese)
[3]刘志娟,杨晓光,王文峰,等.气候变化背景下我国东北三省农业气候资源变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2199-2206.Liu Z J,Yang X G,Wang W F,et al.Characteristics of agricultural climate resources in three provinces of Northeast China under glob-al climate change[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(9):2199-2206.(in Chinese)
[4]高永刚,顾红,姬菊枝,等.近43年来黑龙江气候变化对农作物产量影响的模拟研究[J].应用气象学报,2007,18(4):532-538.Gao Y G,Gu H,Ji J Z,et al.Simulation study of climate change im-pact on crop yield in Heilongjiang province from 1961 to 2003[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2007,18(4):532-538.(in Chinese)
[5]马树庆,王琪,罗新兰.基于分期播种的气候变化对东北地区玉米(Zea mays)生长发育和产量的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2131-2139.Ma S Q,Wang Q,Luo X L.Effect of climate change on maize(Zea mays)growth and yield based on stage sowing[J].Acta Ecologica Si-nica,2008,28(5):2131-2139.(in Chinese)
[6]冶明珠,郭建平,袁彬,等.气候变化背景下东北地区热量资源及玉米温度适宜度[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2786-2794.Ye M J,Guo J P,Yuan B,et al.Thermal resources and maize tem-perature suitability in Northeast China under climate change[J].Chi-nese Journal of Applied Ecology,Oct.2012,23(10):2786-2794.(in Chinese)
[7]赵锦,杨晓光,刘志娟,等.全球气候变暖对中国种植制度的可能影响Ⅹ.气候变化对东北三省春玉米气候适宜性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(16):3143-3156.Zhao J,Yang X G,Liu Z J,et al.The possible effects of global warm-ing on cropping systems in ChinaⅩ.The possible impacts of cli-mate change on climatic suitability of spring maize in the three prov-inces of Northeast China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(16):3143-3156.(in Chinese)
[8]赵俊芳,杨晓光,刘志娟.气候变暖对东北三省春玉米严重低温冷害及种植布局的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(12):6544-6551.Zhao J F,Yang X G,Liu Z J.Influence of climate warming on seri-ous low temperature and cold damage and cultivation pattern of spring maize in Northeast China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(12):6544-6551.(in Chinese)
[9]尹小刚,王猛,孔箐锌,等.东北地区高温对玉米生产的影响及对策[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):186-198.Yin X G,Wang M,Kong Q X,et al.Impacts of high temperature on maize production and adaptation measures in Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,Jan.2015,26(1):186-198.(in Chinese)
[10]云雅如,方修琦,王媛,等.黑龙江省过去20年粮食作物种植格局变化及其气候背景[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):697-704.Yun Y R,Fang X Q,Wang Y,et al.Main grain crops structural change and its climate background in Heilongjiang province during the past two decades[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2005,20(5):697-704.(in Chinese)
[11]朱晓禧,方修琦,王媛.基于遥感的黑龙江省西部水稻、玉米种植范围对温度变化的响应[J].地理科学,2008,28(1):66-71.Zhu X X,Fang X Q,Wang Y.Responses of corn and rice planting area to temperature changes based on RS in the west of Heilongji-ang province[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(1):66-71.(in Chinese)
[12]Craufurd P Q,Wheeler T R.Climate change and the flowering time of annual crops[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2009,60(9):2529-2539.
[13]Kelman W M,Dove H.Growth and phenology of winter wheat and oats in a dual-purpose management system[J].Crop Pasture Sci.,2009,60:921-932.
[14]张建平,赵艳霞,王春乙,等.气候变化情景下东北地区玉米产量变化模拟[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):448-1452.Zhang J P,Zhao Y X,Wang C Y,et al.Simulation of maize produc-tion under climate change scenario in Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(6):1448-1452.(in Chinese)
[15]赵秀兰.近50年中国东北地区气候变化对农业的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(9):144-149.Zhao X L.Influence of climate change on agriculture in Northeast China in recent 50 years.Journal of Northeast Agricultural Univer-sity,2010,41(9):144-149.(in Chinese)
[16]李正国,杨鹏,唐华俊,等.气候变化背景下东北三省主要作物典型物候期变化趋势分析[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(20):4180-4189.Li Z G,Yang P,Tang H J,et al.Trend analysis of typical pheno-phases of major crops under climate change in the three provinces of Northeast China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica.2011,44(20):4180-4189.(in Chinese)
[17]刘月娥.玉米对区域光、温、水资源变化的相应研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2013.
[18]穆佳,赵俊芳,郭建平.近30年东北春玉米发育期对气候变化的响应[J].应用气象学报,2014,125(6):680-689.Mu J,Zhao J F,Guo J P.Response of spring maize growth stage to climate change in Northeast China over past 30 Years[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2014,125(6):680-689.(in Chi-nese)
[19]Li Z G,Yang P,Tang H J,et al.Response of maize phenology to cli-mate warming in Northeast China between 1990 and 2012[J].Re-gional Environmental change,2014,14:39-48.
[20]Xiao D P,Tao F L,Liu Y J,et al.Observed changes in winter wheat phenology in the North China Plain for 1981-2009[J].Int J.Biometeorol,2013,57:275-285.
[21]翟治芬,胡玮,严昌荣,等.中国玉米生育期变化及其影响因子研究[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(22):4587-4603.Zhai Z F,Hu W,Yan C R,et al.Change of Maize Growth Period and Its Impact Factor in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(22):4587-4603.(in Chinese)
[22]李正国,杨鹏,唐华俊,等.近20年来东北三省春玉米物候期变化趋势及其对温度的时空响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5818-5827.Li Z G,Yang P,Tang H J,et al.Trends of spring maize phenophases and spatio-temporal responses to temperature in three provinces of Northeast China during the past 20 years[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(18):5818-5827.(in Chinese)
[23]陈群,耿婷,侯雯嘉,等.近20年东北气候变暖对春玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(10):1904-1916.Chen Q,Geng T,Hou W J,et al.Impacts of climate warming on growth and yield of spring maize in recent 20 years in Northeast China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(10):1904-1916.(in Chinese)
[24]张厚宝.玉米品种郑单958在东北春玉米区的生态适应性研究[D].山东农业大学,2009.
[25]秦雅,刘玉洁,葛全胜.气候变化背景下1981-2010年中国玉米物候变化时空分异[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):906-916.Qin Y,Liu Y J,Ge Q S.Spatiotemporal variations in maize phenolo-gy of China under climate change from 1981 to 2010[J].Acta Geo-graphica Sinica,2018,73(5):906-916.(in Chinese)