无水压裂液技术研究进展及前景展望
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摘要
目前,国内外的油田主要采用水力压裂技术进行增产改造,但常规水力压裂技术始终面临水资源大量消耗和压裂后相关污染的难题,而且不利于水敏性等非常规油气藏的开发,因此常规水力压裂技术的应用受到极大的限制.无水压裂液技术可以有效地解决上述问题,但国内无水压裂液技术应用较少,理论研究相对缺乏,再加上我国非常规油气资源储量丰富,但水资源相对缺乏,若能够突破无水压裂液的技术难关,则使用无水压裂液技术将为我国非常规油气资源的开发带来极大的经济和环境效益.本文通过调研国内外资料,介绍了目前国内外无水压裂液技术的研究现状,分析了国内外常用的几种压裂液技术,主要介绍了二氧化碳类、醇基类以及烃类无水压裂液技术特点,总结分析了各自的优势及问题,深入研究了液态CO_2压裂液、超临界CO_2压裂液、醇基压裂液、油基压裂液以及低碳烃压裂液,并对其工作机理做了介绍.最后,本文总结了目前无水压裂液研究的重点及应用时的关键问题,为无水压裂的理论研究及应用提供了一定的参考价值.
Presently,However,international oilfields mainly adopt hydraulic fracturing technology to stimulate the oil and large of gas production.the conventional and hydraulic pollution fracturing after technology is is always not faced with to the the problem of amount of water consumption and related fracturing,and it conducive fracturing development unconventional oil gas reservoirs.So the application of conventional hydraulic the technology is greatly limited.of The waterless hydraulic hydraulic fracturing oil fracturing technology can the with effectively theoretical the solve above problems.But the application where waterless technology resources is less,and research is relatively water short in If China the the reserve of unconventional of and gas is abundant relative then lack of resources.technological difficulties non-aqueous fracturing fluids can be broken to through,non-aqueous fracturing fluid technology resources will bring significant Based economic and environmental benefits the development of unconventional introduces oil and gas in China.on the investigation of the domestic analyzes and foreign data,this used paper the research status This on non-aqueous mainly fracturing fluid technology and several of commonly fracturing fluids fluid technologies.such article introduced the characteristics of several fluid kinds waterless fracturing technical,as carbon and dioxide fracturing fluid,alcohol based fracturing and hydrocarbon fluid,fracturing fluid,including their strengths weaknesses.The working mechanism of liquid CO_2 fracturing supercritical CO_2 fracturing fluid,alcohol based fracturing fluid,oil based fracturing fluid and low carbon hydrocarbon and fracturing problems fluid is also studied in the paper.waterless Finally,this paper summarizes The the key points in research reference direction the key in the and application practical of the fracturing waterless fluid.paper can provide some value for the theoretical research application of the hydraulic fracturing.
Presently,However,international oilfields mainly adopt hydraulic fracturing technology to stimulate the oil and large of gas production.the conventional and hydraulic pollution fracturing after technology is is always not faced with to the the problem of amount of water consumption and related fracturing,and it conducive fracturing development unconventional oil gas reservoirs.So the application of conventional hydraulic the technology is greatly limited.of The waterless hydraulic hydraulic fracturing oil fracturing technology can the with effectively theoretical the solve above problems.But the application where waterless technology resources is less,and research is relatively water short in If China the the reserve of unconventional of and gas is abundant relative then lack of resources.technological difficulties non-aqueous fracturing fluids can be broken to through,non-aqueous fracturing fluid technology resources will bring significant Based economic and environmental benefits the development of unconventional introduces oil and gas in China.on the investigation of the domestic analyzes and foreign data,this used paper the research status This on non-aqueous mainly fracturing fluid technology and several of commonly fracturing fluids fluid technologies.such article introduced the characteristics of several fluid kinds waterless fracturing technical,as carbon and dioxide fracturing fluid,alcohol based fracturing and hydrocarbon fluid,fracturing fluid,including their strengths weaknesses.The working mechanism of liquid CO_2 fracturing supercritical CO_2 fracturing fluid,alcohol based fracturing fluid,oil based fracturing fluid and low carbon hydrocarbon and fracturing problems fluid is also studied in the paper.waterless Finally,this paper summarizes The the key points in research reference direction the key in the and application practical of the fracturing waterless fluid.paper can provide some value for the theoretical research application of the hydraulic fracturing.
引文
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6 Li Y L,Yang G S,Zhu C F,et al.Development of the fracturing fluid applied in shale gas extraction(in Chinese).Explor Eng(Rock Soil Drill Tunnel),2014,41:13-16[李元灵,杨甘生,朱朝发,等.页岩气开采压裂液技术进展.探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2014,41:13-16]
7 Middleton R S,Carey J W,Currier R P,et al.Shale gas and non-aqueous fracturing fluids:Opportunities and challenges for supercritical CO2.Appl Energ,2015,147:500-509
8 Li X K,Sima L Q,Song H Q,et al.Application prospects of alcohol-base acid and alcohol-base fracturing fluid in Xujiahe group of southern Sichuan area(in Chinese).Drill Prod Tech,2006,29:70-72[李学康,司马力强,宋华清,等.醇基酸醇基压裂液在蜀南地区须家河组的应用前景.钻采工艺,2006,29:70-72]
9 Li K D.Research and application of alcohol fracturing fluid(in Chinese).Chem Eng Oil Gas,2015,44:83-85[李奎东.醇基压裂液的研究与应用.石油与天然气化工,2015,44:83-85]
10 Xu C B,He C M.Status quo and prospect of unconventional fracturing fluids development(in Chinese).Adv Fine Petrochem,2012,13:1-5[许春宝,何春明.非常规压裂液发展现状及展望.精细石油化工进展,2012,13:1-5]
11 Burnham J W.Method for fracturing subterranean formations.US Patent,US04200540,1980-4-29
12 Burnham J W.Gelled oil base compositions and methods of preparation and use of same.US Patent,US04316810,1982-2-23
13 Gross J M.Gelling organic liquids.US Patent,US05190675,1993-3-2
14 Wang M X,Chen M T,Guo X L.The influencing factors for phosphate/Aluminum(III)oil base gelling hydrofracturing fluids(in Chinese).Oilfield Chem,2000,17:218-221[王满学,陈茂涛,郭小莉.磷酸酯/Al3+油基冻胶成胶行为影响因素的研究.油田化学,2000,17:218-221]
15 Kong Y,Jing J Z,Feng H,et al.Indoor synthesis of phosphate gellant in oil base fracturing fluid(in Chinese).Petrochem Ind Appl,2012,31:81-83,87[孔羽,井继哲,冯涵,等.油基压裂液用磷酸酯胶凝剂的室内合成.石油化工应用,2012,31:81-83,87]
16 Wang M X,He J,Zhang W S.Performance research of oil-based gelled fracture fluid based on the phosphoric acid ester and ferric iron(in Chinese).J Southwest Pet Univ(Sci Tech Edition),2013,35:150-153[王满学,何静,张文生.磷酸酯/Fe3+型油基冻胶压裂液性能研究.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35:150-153]
17 Gogarty W,Haws G.LPG micellar solutions as fracturing fluids.US Patent,US3818993,1974-6-25
18 Gay R L,Schlott R J.Gelling agents for hydrocarbon compounds.US Patent,US04104173,1978-8-1
19 Thorne M A,Scherubel G A.Method for preparation of hydrocarbon fracturing fluids,fluids prepared thereby,and methods related thereto.USPatent,US04787994,1988-11-29
20 Huddleston D A.Hydrocarbon geller and method for making the same.US Patent,US4877894,1989-10-31
21 Smith K W,Persinski L J.Hydrocarbon gels useful in formation fracturing.US Patent,US05417287,1995-5-23
22 Smith K W,Persinski L J.Hydrocarbon gels useful in formation fracturing.US Patent,US05614010,1997-5-25
23 Jones C K,Lundberg R D,Malekahmadi F.Use of breaking chemicals in gelled hydrocarbons.US Patent,US5649596,1997-7-22
24 Smith K W,Thomas T R.Delayed breaking of gelled hydrocarbon fracturing fluid.US Patent,US5846915,1998-12-8
25 Geib G G.Hydrocarbon gels useful in formation fracturing.US Patent,US06149693,2000-11-21
26 Acker D B,Malekahmadi F.Delayed release breakers in gelled hydrocarbons.US Patent,US6187720,2001-2-13
27 Dawson J,Kesavan S,Van Le H.Breaker system for fracturing fluids used in fracturing oil bearing formations.US Patent,US6767868B2,2004-7-27
28 Smith D.Method and apparatus for stimulating a subterranean formation using liquefied natural gas.US Patent,US20060065400A1,2006-3-30
29 Loree D N.Liquefied petroleum gas fracturing system.US Patent,US20070204991A1,2007-9-6
30 Leblanc D P,Martel T,Graves D G,et al.Application of propane(LPG)based hydraulic fracturing in the McCully gas field.In:Proceedings of SPE North American Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition.Texas:SPE,2011
31 Gatlin L W,Walden G E,McMillan E,et al.Low temperature hydrocarbon gel.US Patent,US20120000660A1,2012-1-5
32 Wilson T P,Wanner M J.Delayed hydrocarbon gel crosslinkers and methods for making and using same.US Patent,US8158562B2,2012-4-17
33 Hou X Q,Lu Y J,Fang B,et al.Waterless fracturing fluid with low carbon hydrocarbon as base fluid for unconventional reservoirs(in Chinese).Pet Exp Dev(Pet Eng),2013,40:601-605[侯向前,卢拥军,方波,等.非常规储集层低碳烃无水压裂液.石油勘探与开发(石油工程),2013,40:601-605]
34 Gatlin L W,Walden G E,McMillan E.Crosslinking composition for hydrocarbon gels.US Patent,US20140051611A1,2014-2-20
35 Hou X Q,Lu Y J,Fang B,et al.Low carbon hydrocarbon-based fracturing fluid systems and their rheological properties(in Chinese).Oilfield Chem,2014,31:348-352[侯向前,卢拥军,方波,等.低碳烃无水压裂液体系及流变特性研究.油田化学,2014,31:348-352]
36 Mao J,Wang D,Yang X,et al.Application and optimization:Non-aqueous fracturing fluid from phosphate ester synthesized with single alcohol.J Pet Sci Eng,2016,147:356-360
37 Han L X,Zhu L H,Sun H F,et al.LPG waterless fracturing technology(in Chinese).Nat Gas Ind,2014,34:48-54[韩烈祥,朱丽华,孙海芳,等.LPG无水压裂液技术.天然气工业(开发工程),2014,34:48-54]
2 Zhang Q D,Wang P Y,Yang D L.Fracturing technology with no damage to formation:Fluid CO2 fracture(in Chinese).Oil Drill Prod Tech,2002,24:47-50[张强德,王培义,杨东兰.储层无伤害压裂技术--液态CO2压裂.石油钻采工艺,2002,24:47-50]
3 Zhang J,Xu B,Cui M M.Review of fracturing technology of pure liquid carbon dioxide(in Chinese).J Green Sci Tech,2014,4:200-203,206[张健,徐冰,崔明明.纯液态二氧化碳压裂技术研究综述.绿色科技,2014,4:200-203,206]
4 Wu J Q,Gao Z L,Sun X,et al.Research status and prospect of liquid CO2 fracturing technology(in Chinese).J Yangtze Univ(Nat Sci Edit),2014,11:104-107[吴金桥,高志亮,孙晓,等.液态CO2压裂技术研究现状与展望.长江大学学报(自然科学版),2014,11:104-107]
5 Wang H Z,Shen Z H,Li G S.Feasibility analysis on shale gas exploitation with supercritical CO2(in Chinese).Pet Drill Tech,2011,39:30-35[王海柱,沈忠厚,李根生.超临界CO2开发页岩气技术.石油钻探技术,2011,39:30-35]
6 Li Y L,Yang G S,Zhu C F,et al.Development of the fracturing fluid applied in shale gas extraction(in Chinese).Explor Eng(Rock Soil Drill Tunnel),2014,41:13-16[李元灵,杨甘生,朱朝发,等.页岩气开采压裂液技术进展.探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2014,41:13-16]
7 Middleton R S,Carey J W,Currier R P,et al.Shale gas and non-aqueous fracturing fluids:Opportunities and challenges for supercritical CO2.Appl Energ,2015,147:500-509
8 Li X K,Sima L Q,Song H Q,et al.Application prospects of alcohol-base acid and alcohol-base fracturing fluid in Xujiahe group of southern Sichuan area(in Chinese).Drill Prod Tech,2006,29:70-72[李学康,司马力强,宋华清,等.醇基酸醇基压裂液在蜀南地区须家河组的应用前景.钻采工艺,2006,29:70-72]
9 Li K D.Research and application of alcohol fracturing fluid(in Chinese).Chem Eng Oil Gas,2015,44:83-85[李奎东.醇基压裂液的研究与应用.石油与天然气化工,2015,44:83-85]
10 Xu C B,He C M.Status quo and prospect of unconventional fracturing fluids development(in Chinese).Adv Fine Petrochem,2012,13:1-5[许春宝,何春明.非常规压裂液发展现状及展望.精细石油化工进展,2012,13:1-5]
11 Burnham J W.Method for fracturing subterranean formations.US Patent,US04200540,1980-4-29
12 Burnham J W.Gelled oil base compositions and methods of preparation and use of same.US Patent,US04316810,1982-2-23
13 Gross J M.Gelling organic liquids.US Patent,US05190675,1993-3-2
14 Wang M X,Chen M T,Guo X L.The influencing factors for phosphate/Aluminum(III)oil base gelling hydrofracturing fluids(in Chinese).Oilfield Chem,2000,17:218-221[王满学,陈茂涛,郭小莉.磷酸酯/Al3+油基冻胶成胶行为影响因素的研究.油田化学,2000,17:218-221]
15 Kong Y,Jing J Z,Feng H,et al.Indoor synthesis of phosphate gellant in oil base fracturing fluid(in Chinese).Petrochem Ind Appl,2012,31:81-83,87[孔羽,井继哲,冯涵,等.油基压裂液用磷酸酯胶凝剂的室内合成.石油化工应用,2012,31:81-83,87]
16 Wang M X,He J,Zhang W S.Performance research of oil-based gelled fracture fluid based on the phosphoric acid ester and ferric iron(in Chinese).J Southwest Pet Univ(Sci Tech Edition),2013,35:150-153[王满学,何静,张文生.磷酸酯/Fe3+型油基冻胶压裂液性能研究.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35:150-153]
17 Gogarty W,Haws G.LPG micellar solutions as fracturing fluids.US Patent,US3818993,1974-6-25
18 Gay R L,Schlott R J.Gelling agents for hydrocarbon compounds.US Patent,US04104173,1978-8-1
19 Thorne M A,Scherubel G A.Method for preparation of hydrocarbon fracturing fluids,fluids prepared thereby,and methods related thereto.USPatent,US04787994,1988-11-29
20 Huddleston D A.Hydrocarbon geller and method for making the same.US Patent,US4877894,1989-10-31
21 Smith K W,Persinski L J.Hydrocarbon gels useful in formation fracturing.US Patent,US05417287,1995-5-23
22 Smith K W,Persinski L J.Hydrocarbon gels useful in formation fracturing.US Patent,US05614010,1997-5-25
23 Jones C K,Lundberg R D,Malekahmadi F.Use of breaking chemicals in gelled hydrocarbons.US Patent,US5649596,1997-7-22
24 Smith K W,Thomas T R.Delayed breaking of gelled hydrocarbon fracturing fluid.US Patent,US5846915,1998-12-8
25 Geib G G.Hydrocarbon gels useful in formation fracturing.US Patent,US06149693,2000-11-21
26 Acker D B,Malekahmadi F.Delayed release breakers in gelled hydrocarbons.US Patent,US6187720,2001-2-13
27 Dawson J,Kesavan S,Van Le H.Breaker system for fracturing fluids used in fracturing oil bearing formations.US Patent,US6767868B2,2004-7-27
28 Smith D.Method and apparatus for stimulating a subterranean formation using liquefied natural gas.US Patent,US20060065400A1,2006-3-30
29 Loree D N.Liquefied petroleum gas fracturing system.US Patent,US20070204991A1,2007-9-6
30 Leblanc D P,Martel T,Graves D G,et al.Application of propane(LPG)based hydraulic fracturing in the McCully gas field.In:Proceedings of SPE North American Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition.Texas:SPE,2011
31 Gatlin L W,Walden G E,McMillan E,et al.Low temperature hydrocarbon gel.US Patent,US20120000660A1,2012-1-5
32 Wilson T P,Wanner M J.Delayed hydrocarbon gel crosslinkers and methods for making and using same.US Patent,US8158562B2,2012-4-17
33 Hou X Q,Lu Y J,Fang B,et al.Waterless fracturing fluid with low carbon hydrocarbon as base fluid for unconventional reservoirs(in Chinese).Pet Exp Dev(Pet Eng),2013,40:601-605[侯向前,卢拥军,方波,等.非常规储集层低碳烃无水压裂液.石油勘探与开发(石油工程),2013,40:601-605]
34 Gatlin L W,Walden G E,McMillan E.Crosslinking composition for hydrocarbon gels.US Patent,US20140051611A1,2014-2-20
35 Hou X Q,Lu Y J,Fang B,et al.Low carbon hydrocarbon-based fracturing fluid systems and their rheological properties(in Chinese).Oilfield Chem,2014,31:348-352[侯向前,卢拥军,方波,等.低碳烃无水压裂液体系及流变特性研究.油田化学,2014,31:348-352]
36 Mao J,Wang D,Yang X,et al.Application and optimization:Non-aqueous fracturing fluid from phosphate ester synthesized with single alcohol.J Pet Sci Eng,2016,147:356-360
37 Han L X,Zhu L H,Sun H F,et al.LPG waterless fracturing technology(in Chinese).Nat Gas Ind,2014,34:48-54[韩烈祥,朱丽华,孙海芳,等.LPG无水压裂液技术.天然气工业(开发工程),2014,34:48-54]