Yb∶YAG超快闪烁晶体研究进展与展望
|
摘要
Yb3+离子掺杂YAG晶体(Yb∶YAG)作为一种性能优良的激光晶体已广泛应用于高效、高功率激光领域。最新研究表明,Yb∶YAG晶体响应时间可达0.411 ns,其优良的超快闪烁特性在超快脉冲辐射探测、惯性约束核聚变、空间辐射探测、核反应动力学等领域的应用引起了广泛关注,使得Yb∶YAG晶体成为超快闪烁材料研究的热点。关于Yb∶YAG的闪烁特性,文章在系统介绍Yb∶YAG作为超快闪烁晶体研究进展和发光机理的基础上,归纳总结了掺杂种类、浓度、后处理工艺、辐照、格位尺寸大小、温度等对Yb∶YAG晶体闪烁性能的影响。然后,针对Yb∶YAG目前存在的问题,给出相应的解释并提出通过离子共掺调控来改善其闪烁性能的方法。最后,对Yb∶YAG超快闪烁晶体未来的发展方向进行了展望。
As an superior performance of laser crystal,Yb-doped YAG crystal has been widely used in high efficiency and power laser field. New research has shown that the response time of Yb∶ YAG can attain up to 0. 411 ns. The super ultrafast scintillation property of Yb∶ YAG ultrafast scintillator has attracted broad attention in many researches such as pulsed radiation detection,inertial confinement fusion,space radiation detection and nuclear reaction kinetics. First of all,we described the research progress and ultrafast scintillation mechanism of Yb∶YAG crystal in this paper. Then,based the ultrafast scintillation mechanism above,the influences of temperature,Yb3 +concentration,size of cation site,high energy ray irradiation and post-treatment on ultrafast scintillation were also discussed in detail. Aiming at the existing problems of Yb∶ YAG ultrafast scintillation crystal,this paper presented corresponding explanation and the method of co-doped cation to influence the charge density distribution around so that to improve the scintillation properties. At last,we prospected the development direction of Yb∶ YAG ultrafast scintillator in the future.
As an superior performance of laser crystal,Yb-doped YAG crystal has been widely used in high efficiency and power laser field. New research has shown that the response time of Yb∶ YAG can attain up to 0. 411 ns. The super ultrafast scintillation property of Yb∶ YAG ultrafast scintillator has attracted broad attention in many researches such as pulsed radiation detection,inertial confinement fusion,space radiation detection and nuclear reaction kinetics. First of all,we described the research progress and ultrafast scintillation mechanism of Yb∶YAG crystal in this paper. Then,based the ultrafast scintillation mechanism above,the influences of temperature,Yb3 +concentration,size of cation site,high energy ray irradiation and post-treatment on ultrafast scintillation were also discussed in detail. Aiming at the existing problems of Yb∶ YAG ultrafast scintillation crystal,this paper presented corresponding explanation and the method of co-doped cation to influence the charge density distribution around so that to improve the scintillation properties. At last,we prospected the development direction of Yb∶ YAG ultrafast scintillator in the future.
引文
[1]欧阳晓平.脉冲辐射探测技术[J].中国工程科学,2008,10(4):44-45.OUYANG X P.Development of pulsed radiation detection technology[J].Eng.Sci.,2008,10(4):44-45.(in Chinese)
[2]MEDIN S A,PARSHIKOV A N,LOZITSKII I M,et al..Thermomechanical processes in an inertial thermonuclear fusion reactor blanket under cyclic exposure to neutron fluence[J].Atomic Energy,2011,110(2):104-114.
[3]SHEIKH S I,PINES D J,WOOD K S,et al..Navigational system and method utilizing sources of pulsed celestial radiation:US,7197381[P].2007-03-27.
[4]李忠宝,彭太平,胡孟春,等.几种常用闪烁体衰减时间常数的实验测量[J].核电子学与探测技术,2013,33(12):1523-1526.LI Z B,PENG T P,HU M C,et al..Decay time constant measurement for some scintillator[J].Nucl.Electron.Detect.Technol.,2013,33(12):1523-1526.(in Chinese)
[5]胡孟春,李如荣,李忠宝,等.低强度脉冲伽马辐射测量中La Cl3、YAG∶Yb和Ce F3闪烁探测器优选[J].人工晶体学报,2014,43(11):2897-2902.HU M C,LI R R,LI Z B,et al..Optimization of La Cl3,YAG∶Yb and Ce F3scintillation detectors in low-intensity pulseγradiation measurement[J].J.Synth.Cryst.,2014,43(11):2897-2902.(in Chinese)
[6]严俊,张清民,张景文,等.Zn O晶体在辐射探测领域的应用现状及潜力[J/OL].北京:中国科技论文在线,[2014-01-26].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201401-1139.YAN J,ZHANG Q M,ZHANG J W,et al..The application status and potential of the Zn O crystals in radiation detection[J/OL].Beijing:Sciencepaper Online,[2014-01-26].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201401-1139.(in Chinese)
[7]DEY B,MONDAL D,PANDIT D,et al..Neutron response of the LAMBDA spectrometer and neutron interaction length in Ba F2[J].Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.Sect.A,2013,727:7-11.
[8]SELIVERSTOV D M,DEMIDENKO A A,GARIBIN E A,et al..New fast scintillators on the base of Ba F2crystals with increased light yield of 0.9 ns luminescence for TOF PET[J].Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.Sect.A,2012,695:369-372.
[9]张书峰,石全洲,张建华.超快闪烁晶体Yb∶YAP晶体的生长与性能研究[C].第十六届全国晶体生长与材料学术会议论文集,合肥,中国,2012.ZHANG S F,SHI Q Z,ZHANG J H.Research on Yb∶YAP ultrafast scintillator with growth and performance[C].The16th Chinese Conference on Crystal Growth,Hefei,2012.(in Chinese)
[10]赵广军.高光输出快衰减高温无机闪烁晶体的研究[D].上海:中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所,2003.ZHAO G J.Investigation on High-temperature Inorganic Scintillation Single Crystals with High Light Yield and Fast Decay Time[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003.(in Chinese)
[11]RAGHAVAN R S.New prospects for real-time spectroscopy of low energy electron neutrinos from the sun[J].Phys.Rev.Lett.,1997,78(19):3618-3621.
[12]李忠宝,唐登攀,张建华,等.两种掺Yb3+闪烁晶体光致激发时间性能的实验研究[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46(5):608-612.LI Z B,TANG D P,ZHANG J H,et al..Experimental research on time response of two kinds of Yb3+-doped scintillators emission spectra excited by laser[J].Atomic Energy Sci.Technol.,2012,46(5):608-612.(in Chinese)
[13]NAKAZAWA E.Charge-transfer type luminescence of Yb3+ions in Lu PO4and YPO4[J].Chem.Phys.Lett.,1978,56(1):161-163.
[14]GUERASSIMOVA N,GARNIER N,DUJARDIN C,et al..X-ray-excited charge transfer luminescence in YAG∶Yb and Yb AG[J].J.Lumin.,2001,94-95:11-14.
[15]VAN PIETERSON L,HEEROMA M,DE HEER E,et al..Charge transfer luminescence of Yb3+[J].J.Lumin.,2000,91(3-4):177-193.
[16]GUERASSIMOVA N,GARNIER N,DUJARDIN C,et al..X-ray excited charge transfer luminescence of ytterbium-containing aluminium garnets[J].Chem.Phys.Lett.,2001,339(3-4):197-202.
[17]GUERASSIMOVA N,DUJARDIN C,GARNIER N,et al..Charge-transfer luminescence and spectroscopic properties of Yb3+in aluminium and gallium garnets[J].Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.Sect.A,2002,486(1-2):278-282.
[18]KAMENSKIKH I A,GUERASSIMOVA N,DUJARDIN C,et al..Charge transfer fluorescence and f-f luminescence in ytterbium compounds[J].Opt.Mater.,2003,24(1-2):267-274.
[19]CHIPAUX R,CRIBIER M,DUJARDIN C,et al..Ytterbium-based scintillators,a new class of inorganic scintillators for solar neutrino spectroscopy[J].Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.Sect.A,2002,486(1-2):228-233.
[20]BOULON G.Why so deep research on Yb3+-doped optical inorganic materials?[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2008,451(1-2):1-11.
[21]王凯悦.光致发光光谱研究电子辐照金刚石的光学中心[D].天津:天津大学,2012.WANG K Y.Photoluminescence Studies of Optical Centers in Electron-Irradiated Diamond[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2012.(in Chinese)
[22]田玉明,王凯悦,李志宏,等.高能电子照射对金刚石中缺陷电荷状态的影响[J].物理学报,2013,62(18):188101-1-5.TIAN Y M,WANG K Y,LI Z H,et al..Effect of high-energy electron exposure on the charge state of defects in diamond[J].Acta Phys.Sinica,2013,62(18):188101-1-5.(in Chinese)
[23]王凯悦,李志宏,高凯,等.电子辐照金刚石的光致发光研究[J].物理学报,2012,61(9):097803-1-5.WANG K Y,LI Z H,GAO K,et al..Photoluminescence studies of electron irradiated diamond[J].Acta Phys.Sinica,2012,61(9):097803-1-5(in Chinese).
[24]高祀建,欧阳世翕.γ射线辐照石英玻璃吸收光谱的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2003,23(6):1060-1064.GAO S J,OUYANG S X.Influence ofγ-ray irradiation on absorption in silica glasses[J].Spectrosc.Spect.Anal.,2003,23(6):1060-1064.(in Chinese)
[25]刘海,何世禹,魏强,等.140 ke V质子辐照对石英玻璃光谱性能影响的研究[J].光学学报,2003,23(3):366-369.LIU H,HE S Y,WEI Q,et al..A study on effects of proton radiation with 140 ke V on spectrum property of quartz glass[J].Acta Opt.Sinica,2003,23(3):366-369.(in Chinese)
[26]ANTONINI P,BELOGUROV S,BRESSI G,et al..Properties of Yb∶YG scintillators[J].Nucl.Instrum.MethodsPhys.Res.Sect.A,2002,486(1-2):220-227.
[27]RYBALTOVSKY A A,BOBKOV K K,VELMISKIN V V,et al..The Yb-doped aluminosilicate fibers photodarkening mechanism based on the charge-transfer state excitation[J].SPIE,2014,8961(1):18-20.
[28]DROZDOWSKI W,BRYLEW K,WOJTOWICZ A J,et al..33 000 photons per Me V from mixed(Lu0.75Y0.25)3Al5O12∶Pr scintillator crystals[J].Opt.Mater.Express,2014,4(6):1207-1212.
[2]MEDIN S A,PARSHIKOV A N,LOZITSKII I M,et al..Thermomechanical processes in an inertial thermonuclear fusion reactor blanket under cyclic exposure to neutron fluence[J].Atomic Energy,2011,110(2):104-114.
[3]SHEIKH S I,PINES D J,WOOD K S,et al..Navigational system and method utilizing sources of pulsed celestial radiation:US,7197381[P].2007-03-27.
[4]李忠宝,彭太平,胡孟春,等.几种常用闪烁体衰减时间常数的实验测量[J].核电子学与探测技术,2013,33(12):1523-1526.LI Z B,PENG T P,HU M C,et al..Decay time constant measurement for some scintillator[J].Nucl.Electron.Detect.Technol.,2013,33(12):1523-1526.(in Chinese)
[5]胡孟春,李如荣,李忠宝,等.低强度脉冲伽马辐射测量中La Cl3、YAG∶Yb和Ce F3闪烁探测器优选[J].人工晶体学报,2014,43(11):2897-2902.HU M C,LI R R,LI Z B,et al..Optimization of La Cl3,YAG∶Yb and Ce F3scintillation detectors in low-intensity pulseγradiation measurement[J].J.Synth.Cryst.,2014,43(11):2897-2902.(in Chinese)
[6]严俊,张清民,张景文,等.Zn O晶体在辐射探测领域的应用现状及潜力[J/OL].北京:中国科技论文在线,[2014-01-26].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201401-1139.YAN J,ZHANG Q M,ZHANG J W,et al..The application status and potential of the Zn O crystals in radiation detection[J/OL].Beijing:Sciencepaper Online,[2014-01-26].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201401-1139.(in Chinese)
[7]DEY B,MONDAL D,PANDIT D,et al..Neutron response of the LAMBDA spectrometer and neutron interaction length in Ba F2[J].Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.Sect.A,2013,727:7-11.
[8]SELIVERSTOV D M,DEMIDENKO A A,GARIBIN E A,et al..New fast scintillators on the base of Ba F2crystals with increased light yield of 0.9 ns luminescence for TOF PET[J].Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.Sect.A,2012,695:369-372.
[9]张书峰,石全洲,张建华.超快闪烁晶体Yb∶YAP晶体的生长与性能研究[C].第十六届全国晶体生长与材料学术会议论文集,合肥,中国,2012.ZHANG S F,SHI Q Z,ZHANG J H.Research on Yb∶YAP ultrafast scintillator with growth and performance[C].The16th Chinese Conference on Crystal Growth,Hefei,2012.(in Chinese)
[10]赵广军.高光输出快衰减高温无机闪烁晶体的研究[D].上海:中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所,2003.ZHAO G J.Investigation on High-temperature Inorganic Scintillation Single Crystals with High Light Yield and Fast Decay Time[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003.(in Chinese)
[11]RAGHAVAN R S.New prospects for real-time spectroscopy of low energy electron neutrinos from the sun[J].Phys.Rev.Lett.,1997,78(19):3618-3621.
[12]李忠宝,唐登攀,张建华,等.两种掺Yb3+闪烁晶体光致激发时间性能的实验研究[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46(5):608-612.LI Z B,TANG D P,ZHANG J H,et al..Experimental research on time response of two kinds of Yb3+-doped scintillators emission spectra excited by laser[J].Atomic Energy Sci.Technol.,2012,46(5):608-612.(in Chinese)
[13]NAKAZAWA E.Charge-transfer type luminescence of Yb3+ions in Lu PO4and YPO4[J].Chem.Phys.Lett.,1978,56(1):161-163.
[14]GUERASSIMOVA N,GARNIER N,DUJARDIN C,et al..X-ray-excited charge transfer luminescence in YAG∶Yb and Yb AG[J].J.Lumin.,2001,94-95:11-14.
[15]VAN PIETERSON L,HEEROMA M,DE HEER E,et al..Charge transfer luminescence of Yb3+[J].J.Lumin.,2000,91(3-4):177-193.
[16]GUERASSIMOVA N,GARNIER N,DUJARDIN C,et al..X-ray excited charge transfer luminescence of ytterbium-containing aluminium garnets[J].Chem.Phys.Lett.,2001,339(3-4):197-202.
[17]GUERASSIMOVA N,DUJARDIN C,GARNIER N,et al..Charge-transfer luminescence and spectroscopic properties of Yb3+in aluminium and gallium garnets[J].Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.Sect.A,2002,486(1-2):278-282.
[18]KAMENSKIKH I A,GUERASSIMOVA N,DUJARDIN C,et al..Charge transfer fluorescence and f-f luminescence in ytterbium compounds[J].Opt.Mater.,2003,24(1-2):267-274.
[19]CHIPAUX R,CRIBIER M,DUJARDIN C,et al..Ytterbium-based scintillators,a new class of inorganic scintillators for solar neutrino spectroscopy[J].Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.Sect.A,2002,486(1-2):228-233.
[20]BOULON G.Why so deep research on Yb3+-doped optical inorganic materials?[J].J.Alloys Compd.,2008,451(1-2):1-11.
[21]王凯悦.光致发光光谱研究电子辐照金刚石的光学中心[D].天津:天津大学,2012.WANG K Y.Photoluminescence Studies of Optical Centers in Electron-Irradiated Diamond[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2012.(in Chinese)
[22]田玉明,王凯悦,李志宏,等.高能电子照射对金刚石中缺陷电荷状态的影响[J].物理学报,2013,62(18):188101-1-5.TIAN Y M,WANG K Y,LI Z H,et al..Effect of high-energy electron exposure on the charge state of defects in diamond[J].Acta Phys.Sinica,2013,62(18):188101-1-5.(in Chinese)
[23]王凯悦,李志宏,高凯,等.电子辐照金刚石的光致发光研究[J].物理学报,2012,61(9):097803-1-5.WANG K Y,LI Z H,GAO K,et al..Photoluminescence studies of electron irradiated diamond[J].Acta Phys.Sinica,2012,61(9):097803-1-5(in Chinese).
[24]高祀建,欧阳世翕.γ射线辐照石英玻璃吸收光谱的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2003,23(6):1060-1064.GAO S J,OUYANG S X.Influence ofγ-ray irradiation on absorption in silica glasses[J].Spectrosc.Spect.Anal.,2003,23(6):1060-1064.(in Chinese)
[25]刘海,何世禹,魏强,等.140 ke V质子辐照对石英玻璃光谱性能影响的研究[J].光学学报,2003,23(3):366-369.LIU H,HE S Y,WEI Q,et al..A study on effects of proton radiation with 140 ke V on spectrum property of quartz glass[J].Acta Opt.Sinica,2003,23(3):366-369.(in Chinese)
[26]ANTONINI P,BELOGUROV S,BRESSI G,et al..Properties of Yb∶YG scintillators[J].Nucl.Instrum.MethodsPhys.Res.Sect.A,2002,486(1-2):220-227.
[27]RYBALTOVSKY A A,BOBKOV K K,VELMISKIN V V,et al..The Yb-doped aluminosilicate fibers photodarkening mechanism based on the charge-transfer state excitation[J].SPIE,2014,8961(1):18-20.
[28]DROZDOWSKI W,BRYLEW K,WOJTOWICZ A J,et al..33 000 photons per Me V from mixed(Lu0.75Y0.25)3Al5O12∶Pr scintillator crystals[J].Opt.Mater.Express,2014,4(6):1207-1212.