低强度脉冲伽马辐射测量中LaCl_3、YAG∶Yb和CeF_3闪烁探测器优选
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摘要
为了在低强度脉冲伽马辐射测量中获得更精密可靠的测试数据,对La Cl3(50 mm×30 mm)、YAG∶Yb(50mm×50 mm)两种新型闪烁探测器和常用Ce F3(45 mm×20 mm)闪烁探测器的灵敏度、伽马/中子甑别能力、时间响应特性、统计涨落等主要参量进行了实验测量和对比。实验测量结果表明:La Cl3闪烁探测器灵敏度最高;伽马/中子甑别能力比另两种闪烁探测器高1倍以上;时间响应与Ce F3闪烁探测器相当;统计涨落最小(测点注量率相当的情况下)。进行中子、伽马混合脉冲辐射场中的低强度脉冲伽马辐射测量时,三种闪烁探测器中,La Cl3闪烁探测器是一种更佳的实用候选闪烁探测器。
In order to get more accurate and more dependable data in the measurement of the low-intensity pulse γ radiation,the sensitivities,γ / n discriminating abilities,time responeses,statistical variations and other important parameters of a La Cl3( 50 mm × 30 mm) scintillation detector,a YAG∶ Yb( 50mm × 50 mm) scintillation detector and a Ce F3( 45 mm × 20 mm) scintillation detector were measured by experiments and compared with each other. The experimental results show that when the gains of the photoelectric electron-multiplier tubes in all scintillation detectors are the same,the sensitivity of the La Cl3 scintillation detector is the highest of all, and the γ / n discriminating ability of the La Cl3 scintillation detector is one time higher than those of the YAG∶ Yb and Ce F3 scintillation detectors,and the time responese of the La Cl3 scintillation detector is near to that of the Ce F3 scintillation detector. The statistical variation of the La Cl3 scintillation detector is the lowest when the fluence rate at the measuring point stay the same. In a word,the La Cl3 scintillation detector is the best in these three detectors in Lowintensity Pulse γ Radiation Measurement in the neutron and γ mixed field.
In order to get more accurate and more dependable data in the measurement of the low-intensity pulse γ radiation,the sensitivities,γ / n discriminating abilities,time responeses,statistical variations and other important parameters of a La Cl3( 50 mm × 30 mm) scintillation detector,a YAG∶ Yb( 50mm × 50 mm) scintillation detector and a Ce F3( 45 mm × 20 mm) scintillation detector were measured by experiments and compared with each other. The experimental results show that when the gains of the photoelectric electron-multiplier tubes in all scintillation detectors are the same,the sensitivity of the La Cl3 scintillation detector is the highest of all, and the γ / n discriminating ability of the La Cl3 scintillation detector is one time higher than those of the YAG∶ Yb and Ce F3 scintillation detectors,and the time responese of the La Cl3 scintillation detector is near to that of the Ce F3 scintillation detector. The statistical variation of the La Cl3 scintillation detector is the lowest when the fluence rate at the measuring point stay the same. In a word,the La Cl3 scintillation detector is the best in these three detectors in Lowintensity Pulse γ Radiation Measurement in the neutron and γ mixed field.
引文
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[21]李忠宝,胡孟春,周刚.掺铈YAP晶体的时间响应性能测量[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2009,23(11):78-82.Li Z B,Hu M C,Zhou G.Time Capability Measurement of Photo-excited Fluorescence of YAP:Ce Xcintillator[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrument,2009,23(11):78-82(in Chinese).
[2]Marcin B,Marek M,Maciej K.Comparison of La Cl3∶Ce and Na I(TI)Scintillators in-ray Spectrometry[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research,2005:50-56.
[3]Masahiro T,Yoshihiko T.La Cl3∶Ce Scintillation Detector Applications for Environmental Gamma-ray Measurements of Low to High Dose Rates[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research,2006.A557:554-560.
[4]高鑫,何元金.La Br3∶Ce3+闪烁晶体研究进展[J].核电子学与探测技术,2010,30(1):5-11.Gao X,He Y J.The Rsearch Progress of La Br3∶Ce3+Scintillator Crystalr[J].Nuclear Electronics&Detection Technology,2010,30(1):5-11(in Ch inese).
[5]张玉敏,张先京,李月辉.La Br3∶Ce3+与Na I(Tl)探测器的性能比较[J].舰船防化,2012,4(1-5):2-5.Zhang Y M,Zhang X J,Li Y H.Characteristic Comparison of La Br3∶Ce3+and Na I(Tl)Detector[J].Chemical Defence on Ships,2012,4(1-5):2-5.
[6]Belogurov S,Bressi G,Carugno G.Properties of Yb-doped Scintillators:YAG,YAP,Lu AG[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research,2004,A516:58-67.
[7]李忠宝,唐登攀,张建华,等.两种掺Yb3+闪烁晶体光致激发时间性能的实验研究[J].原子能科学技术,2012,l46(5),608-612.Li Z B,Tang D P,Zhang J H,et al,Experimental Research on Time Response of Two Kinds of Yb3+-Doped Scintillators Emission Spectra Excited by Laser[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2012,l46(5),608-612(in Ch inese).
[8]潘尚可,杨培志.掺Yb3+闪烁晶体的研究进展[J].无机材料学报,2005,20(5):1025-1031.Pan S K,Yang P Z,Research Progress on Yb3+-doped Scintillation Crystals[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,2005,20(5):1025-1031(in Chinese).
[9]杨培志,邓佩珍,徐军.Yb∶YAG晶体的闪烁特性[J].发光学报,2005,26(6):723-726.Yang P Z,Deng P Z,Xu J.Scintillation Properties of Yb∶YAG Crystal with Different Yb3+Doped Concentration[J].Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2005,26(6):723-726(in Chinese).
[10]史全林,杜荣建,田乃良.Yb∶YAG晶体的可见荧光及其机理研究[J].光电子·激光,2003,14(8):889-892.Shi Q L,Du R J,Tian N L.Study of Visible Fluorescence and the Mechanism in Yb∶YAG Crystal[J].Journal of Optoelectronics.laser,2003,14(8):889-892(in Chinese).
[11]胡孟春,叶文英,周殿忠,等.Ce F3闪烁探测器对DD中子的相对灵敏度[J].强激光与粒子束,2003,15(7):721-724.Hu M C,Ye W Y,Zhou D Z,DD Neutron Relative Sensitivity of Cerium Fluoride Scintillation Detector[J].High Power Laser&Particle Beams,2003,15(7):721-724(in Chinese).
[12]胡孟春,叶文英,彭太平,等.一种对中子相对不灵敏的大动态脉冲γ辐射探测器[J].高能物理与核物理,2003,27(4):354-358.Hu M C,Ye W Y,Peng T P.A Large Dynamic Range Gamma Radiation Detector Insensitive to Neutron Radiation[J].High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics,2003,27(4):354-358(in Chinese).
[13]张惠宽,李国福,张石状.Ce F3闪烁探测器对X射线的电荷灵敏度标定[J].辐射防护,2004,24(6):399-402.Zhang H K,Li G F,Zhang S Z.X-ray Sensitivity Caliberation of Ce F3Scintillation Detector[J].Radialization Protection,2004,24(6):399-402(in Chinese).
[14]汪兆民,许咨宗,宫竹芳.强辐照场下氟化铈(Ce F3)的荧光特性[J].原子与分子物理学报,1998,15(2):229-234.Wang Z M,Xu Z Z,Gong Z F.The HE Fluorescence Characteristic of Cerium Fluoride under Strong Irradiation Field[J].Chinese Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics,1998,15(2):229-234(in Chinese).
[15]胡孟春,叶文英,周殿忠.新型无机闪烁体Ce F3的时间特性研究[J].核电子学与探测技术,2003,23(5):410-414.Hu M C,Ye W Y,Zhou D Z.Study on Time Properties of Newly Type Inorganic Scintillator Cerium Fluoride(Ce F3)[J].Nuclear Electronics&Detection Technology,2003,23(5):410-414(in Chinese).
[16]胡孟春,叶文英,周殿忠.快响应无机闪烁体Ce F3的时间特性研究[J].原子能科学技术,2003,37(5):461-463.Hu M C,Ye W Y,Zhou D Z.Study on Time Characteristics of Fast Time Response Inorganic Scintillator Ce F3[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2003,37(5):461-463(in Chinese).
[17]Moses W W,Derzos D.Scintillation Properties of Heavy Crystal Ce F Transaction on Nuclear Science[J].IEEE.,1989.36(111):173.
[18]胡孟春,叶文英,周殿忠.微秒级宽脉冲信号下能输出大于1.5 A线性电流的光电倍增管[J].核技术,2004,27(4):313-316.Hu M C,Ye W Y,Zhou D Z.A Kind of Photomultiplier Tube with the Highest Linear Current Larger than 1.5 A for Measuring Microsecond Pulse Signals[J].Nuclear Techniques,2004,27(4):313-316(in Chinese).
[19]李如荣,郭洪生,胡清元.γ探测器中子灵敏度标定技术[J].原子核物理评论,2010,27(2):178-181.LI R R,Gou H S,Hu Q Y.Calibration Technique of Neutron Sensitivity forγ-ray Detector[J].Nuclear Physics Review,2010,27(2):178-181(in Chinese).
[20]彭晓世,王峰,徐涛.快响应塑料闪烁体EJ-232的时间特性研究[J].光学学报,2011,31(12):126001-1-5.Peng X S,Wang F,Xu T.Study on Time Characteristics of Fast Time Response Plastics Scintillator EJ-232[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2011,31(12):126001-1-5(in Chinese).
[21]李忠宝,胡孟春,周刚.掺铈YAP晶体的时间响应性能测量[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2009,23(11):78-82.Li Z B,Hu M C,Zhou G.Time Capability Measurement of Photo-excited Fluorescence of YAP:Ce Xcintillator[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrument,2009,23(11):78-82(in Chinese).