新农村留守与非留守妇女心理健康及影响因素
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摘要
目的比较农村留守与非留守妇女的心理健康状况,分析其影响因素。方法 2017年5月,采取分层随机抽样的方法选取宝鸡市240名农村留守妇女和356名非留守妇女,对其心理健康状况和影响因素进行调查。结果农村留守妇女心理健康问题检出率为40.0%,而非留守妇女的检出率仅为12.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。宝鸡市农村留守妇女症状自评量表(SCL-90)各因子得分除偏执因子外,其余均高于非留守妇女(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析发现,留守妇女心理健康的影响因素是文化程度(β=-0.115)、子女数量(β=-0.315)、婆媳关系(β=-0.495)和有无家庭暴力(β=0.100),均P<0.01;非留守妇女心理健康的影响因素是文化程度(β=-0.032)、婚姻状况(β=0.058)、子女数量(β=-0.167)、家庭收入(β=-119)、婆媳关系(β=-0.053)、婚姻满意度(β=0.227)和有无家庭暴力(β=0.257),均P<0.01。结论宝鸡市农村留守妇女心理健康状况比非留守妇女差;文化程度低、子女数量多、婆媳关系不好和有家庭暴力者心理健康状况堪忧。
[Objective]To compare the mental health status between rural left-behind and non-left-behind women,analyze the influencing factors.[Methods] A total of 240 rural left-behind women and 356 non-left-behind women in Baoji City were selected by stratified random sampling to investigate their mental health status and its influencing factors in May 2017.[Results]The detection rate of mental health problems of rural left-behind women was 40.0%,and that of non-left-behind women was only 12.9%,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.01). The scores of each factor(except for paranoid factor)in Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)among rural left-behind women in Baoji City were higher than those among non-left-behind women(P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis found that the influencing factors of left-behind woman's mental health were education level(β=-0.115),number of children(β=-0.315),relationship with mother-in-law(β=-0.495) and the presence or absence of domestic violence(β=0.100),all P<0.01. And the influencing factors of mental health of non-left-behind women were education level(β =-0.032),marital status(β =0.058),number of children(β =-0.167),family income(β =-119),relationship with mother-in-law(β=-0.053),marital satisfaction(β=0.227),and the presence or absence of domestic violence(β=0.257),all P<0.01.[Conclusion]The mental health status of rural left-behind women in Baoji City is worse than that of non-left-behind women. The women with low educational level,large number of children,bad relationship with mother-in-law,and domestic violence have poor mental health status.
[Objective]To compare the mental health status between rural left-behind and non-left-behind women,analyze the influencing factors.[Methods] A total of 240 rural left-behind women and 356 non-left-behind women in Baoji City were selected by stratified random sampling to investigate their mental health status and its influencing factors in May 2017.[Results]The detection rate of mental health problems of rural left-behind women was 40.0%,and that of non-left-behind women was only 12.9%,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.01). The scores of each factor(except for paranoid factor)in Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)among rural left-behind women in Baoji City were higher than those among non-left-behind women(P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis found that the influencing factors of left-behind woman's mental health were education level(β=-0.115),number of children(β=-0.315),relationship with mother-in-law(β=-0.495) and the presence or absence of domestic violence(β=0.100),all P<0.01. And the influencing factors of mental health of non-left-behind women were education level(β =-0.032),marital status(β =0.058),number of children(β =-0.167),family income(β =-119),relationship with mother-in-law(β=-0.053),marital satisfaction(β=0.227),and the presence or absence of domestic violence(β=0.257),all P<0.01.[Conclusion]The mental health status of rural left-behind women in Baoji City is worse than that of non-left-behind women. The women with low educational level,large number of children,bad relationship with mother-in-law,and domestic violence have poor mental health status.
引文
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[11]高允锁,王小丹,李巧,等.海南省三甲医院医护人员慢性疲劳与心理健康状况的关系[J].郑州大学学报(医学版),2013,48(5):674-677.
[12]王极盛,李焰,赫尔实.中学生SCL-90信度、效度检验与常模建立[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):8-10.
[13]董泽松,字海金.云南少数民族地区留守妇女婚姻满意度的相关影响因素[J].中国妇幼保健,2013,28(34):5687-5689.
[14]苗春霞,颜雅娟,王问海,等.江苏省农村留守与非留守妇女心理健康及影响因素比较[J].郑州大学学报(医学版),2016,51(1):63-66.
[15]韩少梅,徐涛,王雁,等.三省区10 052名正常成年群体心理健康状况及与1986年常模数据的比较[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(26):39-41.
[16]顾红霞.农村留守妇女心理健康、社会支持的现状[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2014,22(1):47-49.
[17]刘巍.西北农村留守妇女社会支持网络对其心理健康的影响:来自甘肃省的调查发现[J].妇女研究论丛,2012,113(5):28-35.
[18]段成荣,秦敏,赖妙华.我国留守妻子状况研究[J].人口学刊,2017,39(1):5-16.
[19]GOMEZ V,KRINGS F,BANGERTER A,et al.The influence of personality and life events on subjective well-being from a life span perspective[J].J Res Pers,2009,43(3):345-354.
[2]牛芳,康翠云.西北地区少数民族留守妇女社会支持网络构成及其特征研究[J].西北民族研究,2018(3):33-44.
[3]周庆行,曾智,聂增梅.农村留守妇女调查---来自重庆市的调查[J].中华女子学院学报,2007,19(1):63-66.
[4]石芳,黄羽翼,韩淑静,等.河南农村留守妇女状况调查研究[J].西北人口,2007,28(6):72-75.
[5]邱凤莲.农村留守妇女的社会支持网络研究-基于湖南省浏阳市的实证调查[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2011:5-17.
[6]左小川.农村“留守妇女”的问题研究---湖南省岳阳地区留守妇女现状调查分析[J].科技信息(学术研究),2007(33):172-173.
[7]刘晓.留守妇女生存状况研究---基于甘肃省四地的调查分析[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010:4-15.
[8]虞碧琳.新农村建设中被遗忘的角落---少数民族地区的留守妇女---以浙江省畲族聚居区的留守妇女生活状况调查和研究为中心[J].管理观察,2009,30(3):172-174.
[9]苗春霞,颜雅娟,卓朗,等.江苏省农村妇女心理健康现状及影响因素研究[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(4):635-639.
[10]钟斌,姚树桥.农村留守妇女的抑郁症状及相关心理社会因素[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2012,9(6):839-841.
[11]高允锁,王小丹,李巧,等.海南省三甲医院医护人员慢性疲劳与心理健康状况的关系[J].郑州大学学报(医学版),2013,48(5):674-677.
[12]王极盛,李焰,赫尔实.中学生SCL-90信度、效度检验与常模建立[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):8-10.
[13]董泽松,字海金.云南少数民族地区留守妇女婚姻满意度的相关影响因素[J].中国妇幼保健,2013,28(34):5687-5689.
[14]苗春霞,颜雅娟,王问海,等.江苏省农村留守与非留守妇女心理健康及影响因素比较[J].郑州大学学报(医学版),2016,51(1):63-66.
[15]韩少梅,徐涛,王雁,等.三省区10 052名正常成年群体心理健康状况及与1986年常模数据的比较[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(26):39-41.
[16]顾红霞.农村留守妇女心理健康、社会支持的现状[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2014,22(1):47-49.
[17]刘巍.西北农村留守妇女社会支持网络对其心理健康的影响:来自甘肃省的调查发现[J].妇女研究论丛,2012,113(5):28-35.
[18]段成荣,秦敏,赖妙华.我国留守妻子状况研究[J].人口学刊,2017,39(1):5-16.
[19]GOMEZ V,KRINGS F,BANGERTER A,et al.The influence of personality and life events on subjective well-being from a life span perspective[J].J Res Pers,2009,43(3):345-354.