南京城市住区居民洪涝脆弱性特征及影响因素研究
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摘要
洪涝灾害频发的背景下,脆弱性理论是分析洪涝灾害发生机理及作用方式的重要工具。南京是全国重点防汛城市,聚焦到住宅小区尺度能够深入分析洪涝脆弱性的相关特征,基于高德积水地图不同等级的积水点为调研对象,从小区、居民和物业三个层面进行深入的实地调研,结果表明,性别、年龄、文化程度、收入、洪涝频率、道路排水情况、洪涝预警情况、获取信息方式、住区地势环境、住区绿化环境、住区维护情况、政府措施情况、物业应急情况对洪涝脆弱性影响显著,从事职业、洪涝情况、暴雨倾灌情况、受淹严重程度、暴雨持续时长、防汛了解程度、日常出行方式、防洪措施、房屋抗洪质量、防洪教育情况和设施维护情况对洪涝脆弱性影响不显著。
Under the background of frequent flood disasters,vulnerability theory is an important tool to analyze the mechanism and mode of flood disasters. Nanjing is one of the key flood control cities in China. Focusing on the scale of residential districts,we can analyze the related characteristics of flood vulnerability in depth. Based on the different grades of water-logging points on the Gaode water-logging map,we conducted in-depth field investigation from three levels: residential districts,residents and property. The results show that gender,age,educational level,and so on. Income,flood frequency,road drainage,flood warning,access to information,terrain environment,residential greening environment,residential maintenance,government measures,property emergencies have a significant impact on flood vulnerability. Occupation,flood,rainstorm irrigation,flooding severity,storm Rain duration,flood control understanding,daily travel mode,flood control measures,housing flood quality,flood control education and facilities maintenance have no significant impact on flood vulnerability.
Under the background of frequent flood disasters,vulnerability theory is an important tool to analyze the mechanism and mode of flood disasters. Nanjing is one of the key flood control cities in China. Focusing on the scale of residential districts,we can analyze the related characteristics of flood vulnerability in depth. Based on the different grades of water-logging points on the Gaode water-logging map,we conducted in-depth field investigation from three levels: residential districts,residents and property. The results show that gender,age,educational level,and so on. Income,flood frequency,road drainage,flood warning,access to information,terrain environment,residential greening environment,residential maintenance,government measures,property emergencies have a significant impact on flood vulnerability. Occupation,flood,rainstorm irrigation,flooding severity,storm Rain duration,flood control understanding,daily travel mode,flood control measures,housing flood quality,flood control education and facilities maintenance have no significant impact on flood vulnerability.
引文
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[19]南京市政府.关于印发南京市防汛应急预案(2016年修订版)等4个预案方案的通知[EB/OL].(2016-6-21)[2018-01-01]. http://www. nanjing. gov. cn/xxgk/szf/201608/t20160811_4076316. html.
[20]莫建飞,钟仕全,陈燕丽,等.极端降水事件下广西流域洪涝社会经济暴露度分析[J].灾害学,2018,33(2):83-88.
[21]姜仁贵,韩浩,解建仓,等.变化环境下城市暴雨洪涝应对新模式研究[J].灾害学,2017,32(3):12-17.
[2]帅红,刘春平,王慧彦.洞庭湖区农户洪涝灾害脆弱性评价[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(3):37-42.
[3]马定国,刘影,陈洁,等.鄱阳湖区洪灾风险与农户脆弱性分析[J].地理学报,2007,62(3):321-332.
[4]刘娜.南京市主城区暴雨内涝灾害风险评估[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2013.
[5]张建云,王银堂,贺瑞敏,等.中国城市洪涝问题及成因分析[J].水科学进展,2016,27(4):485-491.
[6]石勇,许世远,石纯,等.城市居民建筑洪涝灾害脆弱性研究初探[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(1):36-39.
[7]葛怡,史培军,刘婧,等.中国水灾社会脆弱性评估方法的改进与应用--以长沙地区为例[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(6):54-58.
[8]宋蕾.上海市居民的气候风险认知及适应能力[J].城市问题,2014(2):62-69.
[9]古荭欢.基于社区尺度的上海市自然灾害社会脆弱性评估[D].上海:华东师范大学. 2016.
[10]刘刚.基于层次分析法的社区灾害风险脆弱性评价[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2013(4):102-108.
[11]滕五晓,夏剑霺,万蓓蕾.城市社区暴雨脆弱性评估研究——以上海市杨浦区为例[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),2018,17(2):20-26,60.
[12]徐漫辰.适灾初性理念下城市社区灾害脆弱性及减灾优化方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2017.
[13]石勇.城市居民住宅的暴雨内涝脆弱性评估——以上海为例[J].灾害学,2015,30(3):94-98.
[14]权瑞松.基于情景模拟的上海中心城区建筑暴雨内涝脆弱性分析[J].地理科学,2014,34(11):1399-1403.
[15] S F Balica,N G Wright,F V D Meulen. A flood vulnerability index for coastal cities and its use in assessing climate change impacts[J]. Nat Hazards,2012,64(1):73-105.
[16] M A Marfai,A B Sekaranom,P Ward. Community responses and adaptation strategies toward flood hazard in Jakarta,Indonesia[J].Nat Hazards,2015,75(2):1127-1144.
[17] S Rufat,E Tate,C G Burton,et al. Social vulnerability to floods:Review of case studies and implications for measurement[J]. Int J Disast Risk Re,2015,14:470-486.
[18]王江波,吴丽萍,张茜,等.南京城区丘陵地段内涝成因分析[J].四川建筑,2014,34(4):4-6,13.
[19]南京市政府.关于印发南京市防汛应急预案(2016年修订版)等4个预案方案的通知[EB/OL].(2016-6-21)[2018-01-01]. http://www. nanjing. gov. cn/xxgk/szf/201608/t20160811_4076316. html.
[20]莫建飞,钟仕全,陈燕丽,等.极端降水事件下广西流域洪涝社会经济暴露度分析[J].灾害学,2018,33(2):83-88.
[21]姜仁贵,韩浩,解建仓,等.变化环境下城市暴雨洪涝应对新模式研究[J].灾害学,2017,32(3):12-17.