深部复合地层管片衬砌与可压缩层联合支护技术研究
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摘要
深埋盾构隧道所受围岩压力主要为围岩挤压型大变形产生的形变压力,其主要特点是变形持续时间长且具有重复性,支护完成后围岩压力仍将持续增大,企图通过增加支护刚度来抑制围岩变形是不现实的,采用让压支护是解决问题的一个方向。同时,深部围岩赋存条件复杂,岩体结构复杂多变,盾构隧道穿越复合地层不可避免。以国内两座大埋深盾构煤矿斜井为背景,采用相似模型试验和有限元数值计算手段,对比分析不同复合地层条件下管片衬砌+可压缩层联合支护时管片衬砌的力学性能。研究结果表明:在模型正确建立且参数取值合理的前提下,有限元数值计算结果可以和相似模型试验结果很好的吻合。均一地层条件下可压缩层可使管片最大弯矩减小12.5%～19.9%,最大轴力减小14.2%。复合地层使管片弯矩量值和分布均产生明显变化,但对管片轴力的影响则不明显,管片弯矩对复合地层抗力更为敏感,而轴力对复合地层抗力不敏感。有可压缩层情况下,复合地层中管片内力分布更加均匀,轴力的变化不明显。复合地层相对厚度对管片最大正弯矩的影响较为稳定,对管片最大负弯矩影响显著,使其产生位置偏向相对较软一侧的地层,且相对厚度越大偏移越明显。"上硬下软"复合地层中管片弯矩更容易受地层相对刚度的影响。
The surrounding rock pressure of deep buried shield tunnels is mainly the deformation pressure produced by large extrusion type deformation of the surrounding rock. Its main feature is that the deformation lasts for a long time with repeatability. The pressure of the surrounding rock will keep increasing after the support is completed. Because it is unfeasible to restrain the deformation of surrounding rock by increasing the support rigidity, yieldable supports become a solution for the problem. Meanwhile, due to the complexity and variability of the surrounding rock condition and the rock mass structure, it is inevitable to pass through composite strata in shield tunnel construction. Based on the inclined shafts in two deep buried shield coal mines, comparison and analysis on the mechanical properties of segment linings with the segment lining + compressible layer combined supports in different composite stratum conditions are studied by means of similarity model tests and the finite element numerical method. The results indicate that the finite element method results are in good agreement with the experimental results when the model is correctly established and the parameter values are reasonable. Under the uniform formation condition, the compressible layer brings about 12.5%～19.9% decrease to the maximum bending moment and 14.2% decrease to the maximum axial force. The composite stratum causes obvious changes in the value and distribution of the segment bending moment, but has little effect on the segmental axial force,indicating that the bending moment is more sensitive to the resistance of the composite stratum while the axial force is relatively insensitive. With the compressible layer, the distribution of the segment internal force is more uniform in the composite stratum and there is little change in the axial force. Furthermore, the relative thickness of the composite stratum influences the maximum positive bending moment stably. It also greatly influences the maximum negative bending moment, causing deviation to the relative soft side of its generating position. The larger the relative thickness of the composite stratrum, the more obvious is the deviation. In an upper hard and lower soft composite stratum, the segment bending moment is more easily affected by the relative stiffness of the stratum.
The surrounding rock pressure of deep buried shield tunnels is mainly the deformation pressure produced by large extrusion type deformation of the surrounding rock. Its main feature is that the deformation lasts for a long time with repeatability. The pressure of the surrounding rock will keep increasing after the support is completed. Because it is unfeasible to restrain the deformation of surrounding rock by increasing the support rigidity, yieldable supports become a solution for the problem. Meanwhile, due to the complexity and variability of the surrounding rock condition and the rock mass structure, it is inevitable to pass through composite strata in shield tunnel construction. Based on the inclined shafts in two deep buried shield coal mines, comparison and analysis on the mechanical properties of segment linings with the segment lining + compressible layer combined supports in different composite stratum conditions are studied by means of similarity model tests and the finite element numerical method. The results indicate that the finite element method results are in good agreement with the experimental results when the model is correctly established and the parameter values are reasonable. Under the uniform formation condition, the compressible layer brings about 12.5%～19.9% decrease to the maximum bending moment and 14.2% decrease to the maximum axial force. The composite stratum causes obvious changes in the value and distribution of the segment bending moment, but has little effect on the segmental axial force,indicating that the bending moment is more sensitive to the resistance of the composite stratum while the axial force is relatively insensitive. With the compressible layer, the distribution of the segment internal force is more uniform in the composite stratum and there is little change in the axial force. Furthermore, the relative thickness of the composite stratum influences the maximum positive bending moment stably. It also greatly influences the maximum negative bending moment, causing deviation to the relative soft side of its generating position. The larger the relative thickness of the composite stratrum, the more obvious is the deviation. In an upper hard and lower soft composite stratum, the segment bending moment is more easily affected by the relative stiffness of the stratum.
引文
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[2]刘泉声,黄兴,刘建平,等.深部复合地层围岩与TBM的相互作用及安全控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1213―1224.Liu Quansheng,Huang Xing,Liu Jianping,et al.Interaction and safety control between TBM and deep mixed ground[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1213―1224.(in Chinese)
[3]王俊奇,何本国,张有天,等.深埋隧道轴线合理布置与衬砌结构稳定性研究[J].工程力学,2015,32(12):188―197.Wang Junqi,He Benguo,Zhang Youtian,et al.Study on the axis orientation and stability of linings for deep tunnels[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(12):188―197.(in Chinese)
[4]Yu Yang,Bai Jianbo,Wang Xiangyu,et al.High-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique in deep-well oil shale roadways[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2014,24(2):229―236.
[5]袁亮.深井巷道围岩控制理论及淮南矿区工程实践[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2006.Yuan Liang.Control of surrounding strata in deep mine roadways and practice in Huainan area[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2006.(in Chinese)
[6]赵玉东.挤压型大变形地下硐室中支护型式的适宜性研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.Zhao Yudong.Research on suitability of supporting types for large deformation underground chamber in squeezing ground[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.(in Chinese)
[7]孙闯,张向东,张建俊.深部断层破碎带竖井围岩与支护系统稳定性分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):2282―2292.Sun Chuang,Zhang Xiangdong,Zhang Jianjun.Stability analysis of vertical shaft surrounding rock and supporting system in deep fault fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(4):2282―2292.(in Chinese)
[8]牛双建,靖洪文,张忠宇,等.深部软岩巷道围岩稳定控制技术研究及应用[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(4):914―920.Niu Shuangjian,Jing Hongwen,Zhang Zhongyu,et al.Study on control technology of surrounding rocks in deep soft roadway and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(4):914―920.(in Chinese)
[9]王卫军,彭刚,黄俊.高应力极软破碎岩层巷道高强度耦合支护技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,22(2):223―229.Wang Weijun,Peng Gang,Huang Jun.Research on high-strength coupling support technology of high stress extremely soft rock roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,22(2):223―229.(in Chinese)
[10]Ramoni M,Anagnostou G.Tunnel boring machines under squeezing conditions[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2010,25(2):139―157.
[11]Cantieni L,Anagnostou G.The interaction between yielding supports and squeezing ground[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2009,24(3):309―322.
[12]胡雄玉,晏启祥,何川,等.管片衬砌配合碎石可压缩层的斜井支护结构型式及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(3):579―591.Hu Xiongyu,Yan Qixiang,He Chuan,et al.A support structure of segment lining combined with compressible crushed stone and its applications in inclined shaft[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(3):579―591.(in Chinese)
[13]竺维彬,鞠世健.复合地层中的盾构施工技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2006.Zhu Weibin,Ju Shijian.Shield tunneling technology in nixed face ground conditions[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[14]何川,张建刚,杨征.层状复合地层条件下管片衬砌结构力学特征模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(10):1537―1543.He Chuan,Zhang Jiangang,Yangzheng.Model test on mechanical characteristics of segment lining structure under multi-layered strata[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(10):1537―1543.(in Chinese)
[15]徐国文,王士民,汪冬兵.基于接头抗弯刚度非线性的壳-弹簧-接触-地层模型的建立[J].工程力学,2016,33(12):158―166.Xu Guowen,Wang Shimin,Wang Dongbing.Shellspring-contact-ground model based on segment joint stiffness nolinearity[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(12):158―166.(in Chinese)
[16]朱宏海.上软下硬复合地层地铁盾构隧道设计及施工探析[J].隧道建设,2015,35(2):144―148.Zhu Honghai.Design and construction of shield-bored metro tunnels in hard-soft heterogeneous ground,2015,35(2):144―148.(in Chinese)