复合植物精油在断奶仔猪饲料中的应用研究
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摘要
旨在验证复合植物精油(百里香酚7.3%,牛至油10.0%)改善断奶仔猪生长性能的功效。选用160头体重相近、体况良好、28日龄断奶的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分成4组,分别为对照组和试验1、2、3组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮,试验1、2、3组在基础日粮中分别添加80、120、150 mg/kg复合植物精油。试验期间观察并记录仔猪生长及健康状况,试验结束时,采用统计学方法比较各组仔猪的生长性能指标(末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比)、健康指标(腹泻率、死淘率)以及肠道黏膜通透性指标(D-乳酸含量、二胺氧化酶活性)。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2、3组仔猪的末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著提高(P<0.05),料重比则显著降低(P<0.05);3个试验组仔猪的腹泻率及死淘率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,3个试验组仔猪血浆中的D-乳酸含量和二胺氧化酶活性分别极显著(P<0.01)和显著降低(P<0.05)。综合考虑促生长效果及饲养成本,仔猪基础日粮中复合植物精油的推荐添加量为120 mg/kg。
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of compound plant essential oils(thymol7.3%, Origanum oil 10.0%) on growth performance and health of weaning piglets. A total of 160 healthy early-weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) of 28-day-old with similar body weight were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate. Pigs in the 4 groups were fed a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with compound plant essential oils 0 mg/kg(control group), 80 mg/kg(group 1), 120 mg/kg(group 2) and 150 mg/kg(group 3), respectively. Feed intake, body weight and healthy status of the piglets were observed and recorded during the experimental period. The growth performance indicators(final boy weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed/gain ratio), healthy indicators(diarrhea rate, death and culling rate), and the intestinal mucosal permeability indicators(D-lactate, diamine oxidase) of different groups were calculated and statistically compared. The results showed that the final boy weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake of group 2 and group 3 were significantly elevated compared to the control group(P<0.05), while the feed/gain ratio was significantly decreased(P<0.05); the diarrhea rate as well as death and culling rate of the 3 experimental groups were significantly reduced compared to the control group(P<0.05); the plasma level of D-lactate and activity of diamine oxidase of the 3 experimental groups were extremely significantly or significantly decreased compared to the control group(P<0.01 or P<0.05), respectively. Taking the growth promoting effect and feeding cost together into consideration, the recommended supplementing amount of compound plant essential oils in basal diet of weaning piglets was 120 mg/kg.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of compound plant essential oils(thymol7.3%, Origanum oil 10.0%) on growth performance and health of weaning piglets. A total of 160 healthy early-weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) of 28-day-old with similar body weight were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate. Pigs in the 4 groups were fed a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with compound plant essential oils 0 mg/kg(control group), 80 mg/kg(group 1), 120 mg/kg(group 2) and 150 mg/kg(group 3), respectively. Feed intake, body weight and healthy status of the piglets were observed and recorded during the experimental period. The growth performance indicators(final boy weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed/gain ratio), healthy indicators(diarrhea rate, death and culling rate), and the intestinal mucosal permeability indicators(D-lactate, diamine oxidase) of different groups were calculated and statistically compared. The results showed that the final boy weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake of group 2 and group 3 were significantly elevated compared to the control group(P<0.05), while the feed/gain ratio was significantly decreased(P<0.05); the diarrhea rate as well as death and culling rate of the 3 experimental groups were significantly reduced compared to the control group(P<0.05); the plasma level of D-lactate and activity of diamine oxidase of the 3 experimental groups were extremely significantly or significantly decreased compared to the control group(P<0.01 or P<0.05), respectively. Taking the growth promoting effect and feeding cost together into consideration, the recommended supplementing amount of compound plant essential oils in basal diet of weaning piglets was 120 mg/kg.
引文
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[11]刁慧.苯甲酸和百里香酚对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[12]周选武,王宇,陈代文,等.植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液指标及免疫能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2512-2519.
[13]朱永刚,王磊,崔东安,等.植物精油在畜禽生产中的应用效果研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(7):1812-1817.
[14]PLATEL K,SRINIVASAN K.Stimulatory influence of select spices on bile secretion in rats[J].Nutrition Research,2000,20(10):1493-1503.
[15]陈如水,付瑞珍,魏凤仙.发酵豆粕和植物精油对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2014(1):18-21.
[16]方热军,李美君,周学彬,等.植物精油提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(16):9-12.
[17]刘猛.植物精油对仔猪生产性能、肠道微生物及免疫性能的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.
[18]白乌日汗.植物精油及其他活性成分对奶牛瘤胃发酵功能影响的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[19]游兆彤,胡彩虹,宋娟,等.纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长、腹泻、肠道微生物和通透性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(21):43-46.
[20]胡彩虹,栾兆双,傅振宁,等.P38 MAPK在断奶应激致仔猪肠道黏膜屏障损伤中的作用[J].中国兽医学报,2013,33(2):302-306.
[2]赵志贤.早期断奶应激对仔猪肠道屏障损伤作用的研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[3]沈国顺,刘丽霞,刘春秀.早期断奶仔猪腹泻发生的原因及预防措施[J].畜牧与兽医,2001,33(6):32-33.
[4]王向荣,贺建华,戴求仲,等.早期断奶应激对仔猪肠黏膜屏障功能的影响及其监测与修复[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(11):3197-3202.
[5]王书凤.不同抗生素组合在7~35日龄哺乳仔猪上的应用及机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[6]加春生.哈尔滨地区部分猪场沙门菌耐药性调查与防治[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[7]吴云鹏,李孝伟,付云娜,等.植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响[J].广东畜牧兽医科技,2017,42(4):15-18.
[8]李孟阁,岳海星,张正兴,等.植物精油的生理作用及在猪生产中的应用研究进展[J].饲料广角,2016(5):39-42.
[9]曹建国,潘正伟,陈正华,等.牛至油在仔猪饲料中的抗菌促生长效果[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2004(1):24-25.
[10]王萌.三丁酸甘油酯和牛至油在断奶仔猪饲粮中应用效果的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[11]刁慧.苯甲酸和百里香酚对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[12]周选武,王宇,陈代文,等.植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液指标及免疫能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2512-2519.
[13]朱永刚,王磊,崔东安,等.植物精油在畜禽生产中的应用效果研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(7):1812-1817.
[14]PLATEL K,SRINIVASAN K.Stimulatory influence of select spices on bile secretion in rats[J].Nutrition Research,2000,20(10):1493-1503.
[15]陈如水,付瑞珍,魏凤仙.发酵豆粕和植物精油对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2014(1):18-21.
[16]方热军,李美君,周学彬,等.植物精油提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(16):9-12.
[17]刘猛.植物精油对仔猪生产性能、肠道微生物及免疫性能的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.
[18]白乌日汗.植物精油及其他活性成分对奶牛瘤胃发酵功能影响的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[19]游兆彤,胡彩虹,宋娟,等.纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长、腹泻、肠道微生物和通透性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(21):43-46.
[20]胡彩虹,栾兆双,傅振宁,等.P38 MAPK在断奶应激致仔猪肠道黏膜屏障损伤中的作用[J].中国兽医学报,2013,33(2):302-306.