采动影响下突出煤层地质异常区域的微震特征规律研究
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摘要
煤与瓦斯突出灾害是当前威胁矿井安全生产最为严重的动力灾害之一,断层等地质异常区域极易诱发该类事故的发生。通过分析采动影响下突出煤层的断层活化力学机制,以贵州某突出矿井掘进巷道为例,利用高精度微震监测系统对掘进过程中的微震时空分布与演化规律进行了研究,分析并获得了采动范围内地质异常区域的微震响应规律。结果表明,工作面掘进期间微震事件群普遍分布于巷道周围,最远可达前方112.8 m、后方91.0 m;采动引起断层上下盘错动导致岩体内部能量的释放,是断层活化型微震活动的主要原因。通过对采动过程中影响范围内断层的实时监测发现,在与断层区域相距15 m时,该区域微震事件增加,初期以大能量震动信号为主;随着与断层距离的缩小(5m),微震事件数逐步增加到峰值,并主要聚集于断裂面周围;随着断层形成新的稳定结构,微震活动减弱并逐渐恢复平稳,这时微震事件逐渐减少直至平静。由此可以看出,采动影响下的地质异常区域存在明显的微震响应特征,这为深入分析断层控制型瓦斯突出事故发生机理,实现煤与瓦斯突出的准确预警提供了一种新的思路。
Coal and gas outburst is one of the most serious threatens to the safety of mine operations,it is easy to cause and happened frequently in the fault and other geologic anomaly region.In this paper,we analyze the mechanism of microseism in fault activation induced by roadway excavation using an outburst mine in Guizhou province as an example. A high precision microseismic monitoring system was applied to monitor and measure the seismic time and space distributions.The evolution law of mining geological anomaly area during excavation was also studied.The results show that the locations of microseismic events are generally around the roadway during mining of working face,in the area of 112.8 m in front and 91.0 m in rear of the roadway.Mining-induced fault activation is the main cause of fault microseismic activities.Through real-time monitoring of the faults within influence range during mining,it is found that microseismic events increase in the area 15 m far from the fault area and the initial phase is dominated by high-energy vibration signals.When distance from the fault area decreases( 5 m),microseismic events gradually increases to the peak and mainly distribute around the fault surface.As a new stable structure formed,the microseismic activities decrease gradually until reaching a stable state.It is also found that microseismic responses exist in geological abnormal area under the influence of mining,which provides a new idea for the in-depth analysis of mechanism of fault controlled coal and gas outburst accident and the realization of accurate prediction of coal and gas outburst.
Coal and gas outburst is one of the most serious threatens to the safety of mine operations,it is easy to cause and happened frequently in the fault and other geologic anomaly region.In this paper,we analyze the mechanism of microseism in fault activation induced by roadway excavation using an outburst mine in Guizhou province as an example. A high precision microseismic monitoring system was applied to monitor and measure the seismic time and space distributions.The evolution law of mining geological anomaly area during excavation was also studied.The results show that the locations of microseismic events are generally around the roadway during mining of working face,in the area of 112.8 m in front and 91.0 m in rear of the roadway.Mining-induced fault activation is the main cause of fault microseismic activities.Through real-time monitoring of the faults within influence range during mining,it is found that microseismic events increase in the area 15 m far from the fault area and the initial phase is dominated by high-energy vibration signals.When distance from the fault area decreases( 5 m),microseismic events gradually increases to the peak and mainly distribute around the fault surface.As a new stable structure formed,the microseismic activities decrease gradually until reaching a stable state.It is also found that microseismic responses exist in geological abnormal area under the influence of mining,which provides a new idea for the in-depth analysis of mechanism of fault controlled coal and gas outburst accident and the realization of accurate prediction of coal and gas outburst.
引文
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[10]牟义.典型地质异常体电磁法响应特征研究[J].煤矿开采,2017(4):8-13.MU Yi.Study of electromagnetic response characteristics of typical geological anomalous body[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2017(4):8-13.
[11]郑继东,陈水龙,李东艳,等.基于地震探测的围岩分类及其应用[J].河南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2019,38(1):54-60.ZHENG Jidong,CHEN Shuilong,LI Dongyan,et al.Classification of surrounding rock based on seismic exploration and its application[J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Natural Science,2019,38(1):54-60.
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[13] YIN Chen.Fault detection based on microseismic events[J].Applied Geophysics,2017,14(3):363-371.
[14]郭晓强,窦林名,陆菜平,等.采动诱发断层活化的微震活动规律研究[J].煤矿安全,2011,42(1):26-30.GUO Xiaoqiang,DOU Linming,LU Caiping,et al.Research on the microseismic activity of fault reaction induced by coal mining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2011,42(1):26-30.
[15]刘栋,李夕兵,刘志祥,等.用沙坝断层滑移型微震事件群活动特征分析[J].安全与环境学报,2018(3):1036-1040.LIU Dong,LI Xibing,LIU Zhixiang,et al. Characteristic analysis for the micro-seismic event group activities in a fault-slip form at the Yongshaba Mine[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2018(3):1036-1040.
[16]王浩,赵毅鑫,牟宗龙,等.综放工作面采动诱发逆断层张剪失稳特征及矿震活动规律分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):87-95.WANG Hao,ZHAO Yixin,MU Zonglong,et al. Characteristics of seismic activity and tensile-slip features of fault under stress and displacement disturbance in full-mechanized workface[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):87-95.
[17]王丽萍,张伟,罗文文,等.基于区域地震活动性参数的断层错动量概率分析方法[J].自然灾害学报,2018,27(4):168-172.WANG Liping,ZHANG Wei,LUO Wenwen,et al. Seismic hazard analysis method for fault rupture and dislocation based on regional seismicity parameters[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2018,27(4):168-172.
[18]朱权洁,张尔辉,李青松,等.掘进工作面瓦斯异常涌出的微震前兆特征分析与验证[J].华北科技学院学报,2018,15(5):7-18.ZHU Quanjie,ZHANG Erhui,LI Qingsong,et al. Analysis of microseismic characteristics and regularity of abnormal gas emission in entry driving[J]. Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2018,15(5):7-18.
[19]段东,张哲,唐春安,等.煤与瓦斯突出影响因素和微震前兆的数值试验及初步应用研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2012.
[20]朱南南,张浪,舒龙勇,等.煤与瓦斯突出的微震前兆特性试验研究与预警案例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(6):124-134.ZHU Nannan,ZHANG Lang,SHU Longyong,et al. Experimental study on microseismic precursory characteristics of coal and gas outburst and case analysis of early-warning[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(6):124-134.
[21]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击地压发生的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642-642.PAN Yishan,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Mengtao,et al. The theoretical and testing study of fault rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):642-642.
[2]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008.
[3]张浪,刘永茜.断层应力状态对煤与瓦斯突出的控制[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(4):712-717.ZHANG Lang,LIU Yongqian. Stress control for coal and gas outburst on a fault plane[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(4):712-717.
[4]高魁,刘泽功,刘健.复合构造带力学特征及其对瓦斯突出的作用机制[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(5):111-116.GAO Kui,LIU Zegong,LIU Jian. Mechanical characteristics of complex geological structure zone and its effect on gas outburst[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(5):111-116.
[5]刘义生,唐鑫.钱家营矿深部瓦斯动力现象地质控制因素研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(4):110-114.LIU Yisheng,TANG Xin. Study on geological control factors of deep gas dynamic phenomenon in Qianjiaying Mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(4):110-114.
[6]陈敏,张庆华,王麒翔.断层对煤与瓦斯突出范围的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(3):39-41.CHEN Min,ZHANG Qinghua,WANG Qixiang.Effect on scope of coal and gas outburst by fault[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(3):39-41.
[7]姜耀东,王涛,赵毅鑫,等.采动影响下断层活化规律的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):1-5.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Numerical simulation of fault activation pattern induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(1):1-5.
[8]张春华,刘泽功,刘健,等.封闭型地质构造诱发煤与瓦斯突出的力学特性模拟试验[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(4):554-559.ZHANG Chunhua,LIU Zegong,LIU Jian,et al.Physical scale modeling of mechanical characteristics of outburst induced by closed geological structure[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(4):554-559.
[9]王志荣,李潇旋,陈玲霞.基于断层带瓦斯突出的巷道冲击波对围岩的三维动力效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(9):1798-1804.WANG Zhirong,LI Xiaoxun,CHEN Lingxia. Three-dimensional dynamic effect of shock wave of gas burst in fault zone on surrounding rock of roadway[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(9):1798-1804.
[10]牟义.典型地质异常体电磁法响应特征研究[J].煤矿开采,2017(4):8-13.MU Yi.Study of electromagnetic response characteristics of typical geological anomalous body[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2017(4):8-13.
[11]郑继东,陈水龙,李东艳,等.基于地震探测的围岩分类及其应用[J].河南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2019,38(1):54-60.ZHENG Jidong,CHEN Shuilong,LI Dongyan,et al.Classification of surrounding rock based on seismic exploration and its application[J]. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University:Natural Science,2019,38(1):54-60.
[12]刘健,刘泽功,高魁,等.构造带石门揭煤诱导突出的力学特性模拟及声发射响应[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):2022-2028.LIU Jian,LIU Zegong,GAO Kui,et al. Simulation experiment of mechanical characteristics and acoustic emission response during outburst induced by rock cross-cut coal uncovering in tectonic belt[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):2022-2028.
[13] YIN Chen.Fault detection based on microseismic events[J].Applied Geophysics,2017,14(3):363-371.
[14]郭晓强,窦林名,陆菜平,等.采动诱发断层活化的微震活动规律研究[J].煤矿安全,2011,42(1):26-30.GUO Xiaoqiang,DOU Linming,LU Caiping,et al.Research on the microseismic activity of fault reaction induced by coal mining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2011,42(1):26-30.
[15]刘栋,李夕兵,刘志祥,等.用沙坝断层滑移型微震事件群活动特征分析[J].安全与环境学报,2018(3):1036-1040.LIU Dong,LI Xibing,LIU Zhixiang,et al. Characteristic analysis for the micro-seismic event group activities in a fault-slip form at the Yongshaba Mine[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2018(3):1036-1040.
[16]王浩,赵毅鑫,牟宗龙,等.综放工作面采动诱发逆断层张剪失稳特征及矿震活动规律分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):87-95.WANG Hao,ZHAO Yixin,MU Zonglong,et al. Characteristics of seismic activity and tensile-slip features of fault under stress and displacement disturbance in full-mechanized workface[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):87-95.
[17]王丽萍,张伟,罗文文,等.基于区域地震活动性参数的断层错动量概率分析方法[J].自然灾害学报,2018,27(4):168-172.WANG Liping,ZHANG Wei,LUO Wenwen,et al. Seismic hazard analysis method for fault rupture and dislocation based on regional seismicity parameters[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2018,27(4):168-172.
[18]朱权洁,张尔辉,李青松,等.掘进工作面瓦斯异常涌出的微震前兆特征分析与验证[J].华北科技学院学报,2018,15(5):7-18.ZHU Quanjie,ZHANG Erhui,LI Qingsong,et al. Analysis of microseismic characteristics and regularity of abnormal gas emission in entry driving[J]. Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2018,15(5):7-18.
[19]段东,张哲,唐春安,等.煤与瓦斯突出影响因素和微震前兆的数值试验及初步应用研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2012.
[20]朱南南,张浪,舒龙勇,等.煤与瓦斯突出的微震前兆特性试验研究与预警案例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(6):124-134.ZHU Nannan,ZHANG Lang,SHU Longyong,et al. Experimental study on microseismic precursory characteristics of coal and gas outburst and case analysis of early-warning[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(6):124-134.
[21]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击地压发生的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642-642.PAN Yishan,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Mengtao,et al. The theoretical and testing study of fault rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):642-642.