粉绿狐尾藻净水效果对氮磷浓度的响应机制
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摘要
采用室外完全随机试验,研究粉绿狐尾藻净水效果对水体氨氮、硝氮、总磷浓度的响应机制。试验发现,氨氮、硝氮浓度分别为25、15 mg/L时,粉绿狐尾藻在无污染物输入环境中能发挥最优净水效果。净水效果存在氨氮、硝氮浓度阈值,阈值之内净水效果与浓度呈正相关关系。高氨氮浓度(15～25 mg/L)环境中,粉绿狐尾藻对氨氮更具有亲和性,会抑制对硝氮的吸收,导致对硝氮的去除效果较差。总磷浓度在35 mg/L以内,随浓度增加,净水效果愈好。高磷环境能促进粉绿狐尾藻对氨氮、硝氮、总磷的吸收,并且氨氮、硝氮、总磷去除率最高。粉绿狐尾藻更适合净化高磷水体。夏季高温天气,粉绿狐尾藻对氨氮、硝氮、总磷的去除率30 d后分别可达78.1%～81.1%、59.1%～63.9%、85.7%～91.9%,对总磷、氨氮去除效果显著,硝氮去除效果较差。
Complete outdoor randomized trials are used to study how green Myriophyllum Verticillatum's water purification effect respond to the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus in water. We find that: Green Myriophyllum Verticillatum can purify water best in a stationary environment when ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are 25,15 mg/L respectively. The concentration threshold of ammonia nitrogen and nitrous nitrogen exists in water purification effect, and the purification effect is positively correlated with concentration under the threshold. In the environment of high ammonia nitrogen concentration between 15～25 mg/L, green Myriophyllum Verticillatum is more affinity for ammonia nitrogen and can inhibit the absorption of nitrous nitrogen, and then makes nitrous nitrogen purification worse. Purification is also positively correlated with concentration when total phosphorus is under 35 mg/L. Besides, high total phosphorus can promote the absorption of ammonia nitrogen, nitrous nitrogen and total phosphorus, and improve the removal rate. Green Myriophyllum Verticillatum is more suitable for purifying high phosphorus water. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, nitrous nitrogen and total phosphorus can arrive at 78.1%～81.1%, 59.1%～63.9%,85.7%～91.9% after 30 d under the summer environment, and is more significant for total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen.
Complete outdoor randomized trials are used to study how green Myriophyllum Verticillatum's water purification effect respond to the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus in water. We find that: Green Myriophyllum Verticillatum can purify water best in a stationary environment when ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are 25,15 mg/L respectively. The concentration threshold of ammonia nitrogen and nitrous nitrogen exists in water purification effect, and the purification effect is positively correlated with concentration under the threshold. In the environment of high ammonia nitrogen concentration between 15～25 mg/L, green Myriophyllum Verticillatum is more affinity for ammonia nitrogen and can inhibit the absorption of nitrous nitrogen, and then makes nitrous nitrogen purification worse. Purification is also positively correlated with concentration when total phosphorus is under 35 mg/L. Besides, high total phosphorus can promote the absorption of ammonia nitrogen, nitrous nitrogen and total phosphorus, and improve the removal rate. Green Myriophyllum Verticillatum is more suitable for purifying high phosphorus water. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, nitrous nitrogen and total phosphorus can arrive at 78.1%～81.1%, 59.1%～63.9%,85.7%～91.9% after 30 d under the summer environment, and is more significant for total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen.
引文
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[19] Jampeetong A,Brix H,Kantawanichkul S. Effects of inorganic nitrogen forms on growth ,morphology,nitrogen uptake capacity and nutrient allocation of four tropical aquatic macrophytes (Salvinia cucullata,Ipomoea aquatica,Cyperus involucratus and Vetiveria zizanioides)[J].Aquatic Botany,2012,97(1):10-16.
[20] Dai Y R,Jia C R,Liang W,et al. Effects of the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L. on restoration of a eutrophic waterbody and its optimal coverage[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,40:113-116.
[2] 吕振豫,穆建新,刘姗姗.气候变化和人类活动对流域水环境的影响研究进展[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,(2):65-76.
[3] 环境保护部.2013年中国近岸海域环境质量公报[R]. 北京:环境保护部,2014.
[4] 国家海洋局.2014年中国海洋环境质量公报[R]. 北京:国家海洋局,2015.
[5] Meybeck M. The ITBP water group: a response to a growing global concern[J].Global Change Newsletters,1998,36:8-12.
[6] Klaus Schmieder. Littoral zone-TIS of Lake Constance: a useful tool in lake monitoring and autecological studies with submersed macrophytes[J].Aquatic Botany,1997,58:333-346.
[7] Patricia A. Chambers. Light and nutrients in the control of aquatic plant community structure.II.in Situ observations[J].Journal of Ecology,1987,75(3):621-628.
[8] Lehmann A,Lachavanne JB. Changes in the water quality of lake geneva indicated by submerged macrophytes[J].Freshwater Bio,1999,42:457-466.
[9] 李笑天,刘锦涛,王乙江,等.不同湿地-稻田面积比下茭白-茨菇湿地系统对稻田排水中氮素去除效果的研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016,(11):70-73.
[10] 金春华,陆开宏,胡智勇,等.绿狐尾藻和凤眼莲对不同形态氮吸收动力学研究[J].水生生物学报,2011,(1):75-79.
[11] 童昌华,杨肖娥,濮培民.富营养化水体的水生植物净化试验研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(8):1 447-1 450.
[12] Souza F A,Dziedzic M,Cubas S A,et al. Restoration of polluted waters by phytoremediation using Myriophyllum aquaticum(vell.) verdc.haloragaceae[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,120:5-9.
[13] 金树权,周金波,包薇红,等.5种沉水植物的氮、磷吸收和水质净化能力比较[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):156-161.
[14] Xu W W, Hu W P, Deng J C,et al. Effects of harvest management of Trapa bispinosa on an aquatic macrophyte community and water quality in a eutrophic lake[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,(64):120-129.
[15] Ye C, Yu H C, Kong H N, et al. Community collocation of four submerged macrophytes on two kinds of sediments in Lake Taihu,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2009,35(11):1 656-1 663.
[16] 李靖,敖新宇,李宁云,等.氨氮和硝氮胁迫下金鱼藻对氮素的利用[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(2):409-413.
[17] 马永飞,杨小珍,赵小虎,等.污水氮浓度对粉绿狐尾藻去氮能力的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):1 093-1 101.
[18] 方焰星,何池全,梁霞,等.水生植物对污染水体氮磷的净化效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):36-40.
[19] Jampeetong A,Brix H,Kantawanichkul S. Effects of inorganic nitrogen forms on growth ,morphology,nitrogen uptake capacity and nutrient allocation of four tropical aquatic macrophytes (Salvinia cucullata,Ipomoea aquatica,Cyperus involucratus and Vetiveria zizanioides)[J].Aquatic Botany,2012,97(1):10-16.
[20] Dai Y R,Jia C R,Liang W,et al. Effects of the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L. on restoration of a eutrophic waterbody and its optimal coverage[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,40:113-116.