基于椭圆展开共反射点叠加的隧道地震波超前探测成像方法与应用
|
摘要
采用地震波法探明隧道前方断层、溶洞等不良地质体,是隧道施工安全的重要保障,而有效的成像方法则是关键。椭圆展开是一种新型的偏移成像方法,已在地表地震勘探中得到应用,然而尚未被引入隧道地震探测中。针对隧道环境,基于非标准椭圆方程,构建了隧道空间观测方式椭圆展开方法,同时重新设定隧道轴线方向为椭圆展开法向出射点方向,实现了对隧道掌子面前方区域地质的成像;通过共震源点地震记录的椭圆展开及相干叠加,最终实现掌子面前不良地质的识别和定位,形成了基于椭圆展开共反射点叠加的隧道地震波超前探测成像方法。在此基础上,基于交错网格有限差分方法,对岩性界面和断层进行了系统的正演成像研究,分析了不同地质模型的成像特征;最后,依托现场进行了探测试验,探测结果与开挖揭露情况基本一致,验证了成像方法的有效性和实用性。
The seismic advanced detection of tunnels is a common method to estimate faults, karst caves and other adverse geologies, and is an important method to guarantee the safety of tunnel construction. The ellipse evolving is a new migration method and has been applied in seismic data processing in surface investigation. For the observation system of seismic advanced detection in complicated construction environment, a new ellipse evolving CRP method is developed based on the non-standard elliptic equation. Meanwhile, the tunnel axis is set as the direction of normal emergent point, and the geology ahead of tunnel face is prospected by this way. Then, an imaging method for the seismic advanced detection method based on the ellipse evolving CRP stacking is proposed, which is suitable for the observation system in tunnel environment. Moreover, based on the staggered grid finite difference method, numerical modeling of interfaces with different inclinations and faults with different shapes is conducted. The proposed imaging method is used to obtain the imaging results. The imaging characteristics of different models are analyzed. Finally, the method is applied in a spillway tunnel, and the detection results are the same as what the geology exposes, which verifies the validity and practicability of the proposed imaging method.
The seismic advanced detection of tunnels is a common method to estimate faults, karst caves and other adverse geologies, and is an important method to guarantee the safety of tunnel construction. The ellipse evolving is a new migration method and has been applied in seismic data processing in surface investigation. For the observation system of seismic advanced detection in complicated construction environment, a new ellipse evolving CRP method is developed based on the non-standard elliptic equation. Meanwhile, the tunnel axis is set as the direction of normal emergent point, and the geology ahead of tunnel face is prospected by this way. Then, an imaging method for the seismic advanced detection method based on the ellipse evolving CRP stacking is proposed, which is suitable for the observation system in tunnel environment. Moreover, based on the staggered grid finite difference method, numerical modeling of interfaces with different inclinations and faults with different shapes is conducted. The proposed imaging method is used to obtain the imaging results. The imaging characteristics of different models are analyzed. Finally, the method is applied in a spillway tunnel, and the detection results are the same as what the geology exposes, which verifies the validity and practicability of the proposed imaging method.
引文
[1]葛颜慧,李术才,张庆松,等.基于风险评价的岩溶隧道综合超前地质预报技术研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(7):1124–1130.(GE Yan-hui,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Comprehensive geological prediction based on risk evaluation during tunneling in karst area[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(7):1124–1130.(in Chinese))
[2]李术才,刘斌,孙怀凤,等.隧道施工超前地质预报研究现状及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(6):1090–1113.(LI Shu-cai,LIU Bin,SUN Huai-feng,et al.State of art and trends of advanced geological prediction in tunnel construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(6):1090–1113.(in Chinese))
[3]刘斌,李术才,李建斌,等.TBM掘进前方不良地质与岩体参数的综合获取方法[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2016,46(6):105–112.(LIU Bin,LI Shu-cai,LI Jian-bin,et al.Integrated acquisition method of adverse geology and rock properties ahead of tunnel face in TBM construction tunnel[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2016,46(6):105–112.(in Chinese))
[4]刘斌,李术才,李树忱,等.基于不等式约束的最小二乘法三维电阻率反演及其算法优化[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(1):260–268.(LIU Bin,LI Shu-cai,LI Shu-chen,et al.3D electrical resistivity inversion with least-squares method based on inequality constraint and its computation efficiency optimization[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(1):260–268.(in Chinese))
[5]李术才,聂利超,刘斌,等.多同性源阵列电阻率法隧道超前探测方法与物理模拟试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(4):1434–1446.(LI Shu-cai,NIE Li-chao,LIU Bin,et al.Advanced detection and physical model test based on multi-electrode sources array resistivity method in tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(4):1434–1446.(in Chinese))
[6]李术才,刘斌,李树忱,等.基于激发极化法的隧道含水地质构造超前探测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(7):1297–1309.(LI Shu-cai,LIU Bin,LI Shu-chen,et al.Study of advanced detection for tunnel water-bearing geological structures with induced polarization method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(7):1297–1309.(in Chinese))
[7]ALIMORADI A,MORADZADEH A,NADERI R,et al.Prediction of geological hazardous zones in front of a tunnel face using TSP-203 and artificial neural networks[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(6):711–717.
[8]BUTTON E,BRETTEREBNER H,SCHWAB P.The application of TRT(true reflection tomography)at the unterwald tunnel in Felsbau[J].Geophysics,2002,20(2):51–56.
[9]李永鸿,徐光黎,杨银湖,等.地震反射波法技术及其在隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(10):1180–1184.(LI Yong-hong,XU Guang-li,YANG Yin-hu,et al.Application of earthquake refracted wave method to geologyical prediction for tunneling[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(10):1180–1184.(in Chinese))
[10]ASHIDA Y,SASSA K.Depth transform of seismic data by use of equitravel time planes[J].Exploration Geophysics,1993,24(3/4):341–346.
[11]沈鸿雁,李庆春,冯宏.隧道反射地震超前探测偏移成像[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(3):298–304.(SHEN Hong-yan,LI Qing-chun,FENG Hong.Migration imaging for tunnel reflected-wave seismic prediction ahead[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(3):298–304.(in Chinese))
[12]CHENG F,LIU J,QU N,et al.Two-dimensional pre-stack reverse time imaging based on tunnel space[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2014,104:106–113.
[13]周青春,刘怀山,李国都,等.椭圆展开共反射点叠加方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):222–232.(ZHOU Qing-chun,LIU Huai-shan,KONDRASHKOV V V,et al.Research and application of ellipse evolving common reflection point stack method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(1):222–232.(in Chinese))
[14]KONDRASHKOV V V.Time section construction by ellipse evolving[J].Regional,Field and Development Geophysics(in Russian),1977,20:1–9.
[15]HALE D.Dip-moveout by Fourier transform[J].Geophysics,2012,49(3):337–344.
[16]谢玉洪,陈殿远,刘爱群,等.高精度叠前时间域速度分析方法研究及应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):38–43.(XIE Yu-hong,CHEN Dian-yuan,LIU Ai-qun,et al.High-precision velocity analysis method in prestack time domain and its application[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2014,38(2):38–43.(in Chinese))
[17]李栋,李振春,孔雪,等.利用共偏移距共反射面元叠加提高叠前地震资料质量[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(2):76–80.(LI Dong,LI Zhen-chun,KONG Xue,et al.Prestack seismic data enhancement with common-offset common-reflection-surface stack[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(2):76–80.(in Chinese))
[18]ZHOU Q C,LIU H S,KONDRASHKOV V V,et al.Ellipse evolving common reflection point velocity analysis and its application to oil and gas detection[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2009,6(1):53.
[19]KONDRASHKOV V V,ANISKOVICH E M.Fundamentals of the parametric development of reflections as a universal method for seismic data processing[J].Izvestiia Physiscs of the Solid Earth C/C of Fizika Zemli-Rossiiskaia Akademiia Nauk,1998,34(2):127–144.
[20]BELLINO A.Advanced methods for rock discontinuities estimation in tunneling[D].Torino:Politecnico di Torino,2013.
[2]李术才,刘斌,孙怀凤,等.隧道施工超前地质预报研究现状及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(6):1090–1113.(LI Shu-cai,LIU Bin,SUN Huai-feng,et al.State of art and trends of advanced geological prediction in tunnel construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(6):1090–1113.(in Chinese))
[3]刘斌,李术才,李建斌,等.TBM掘进前方不良地质与岩体参数的综合获取方法[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2016,46(6):105–112.(LIU Bin,LI Shu-cai,LI Jian-bin,et al.Integrated acquisition method of adverse geology and rock properties ahead of tunnel face in TBM construction tunnel[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2016,46(6):105–112.(in Chinese))
[4]刘斌,李术才,李树忱,等.基于不等式约束的最小二乘法三维电阻率反演及其算法优化[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(1):260–268.(LIU Bin,LI Shu-cai,LI Shu-chen,et al.3D electrical resistivity inversion with least-squares method based on inequality constraint and its computation efficiency optimization[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(1):260–268.(in Chinese))
[5]李术才,聂利超,刘斌,等.多同性源阵列电阻率法隧道超前探测方法与物理模拟试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(4):1434–1446.(LI Shu-cai,NIE Li-chao,LIU Bin,et al.Advanced detection and physical model test based on multi-electrode sources array resistivity method in tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(4):1434–1446.(in Chinese))
[6]李术才,刘斌,李树忱,等.基于激发极化法的隧道含水地质构造超前探测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(7):1297–1309.(LI Shu-cai,LIU Bin,LI Shu-chen,et al.Study of advanced detection for tunnel water-bearing geological structures with induced polarization method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(7):1297–1309.(in Chinese))
[7]ALIMORADI A,MORADZADEH A,NADERI R,et al.Prediction of geological hazardous zones in front of a tunnel face using TSP-203 and artificial neural networks[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(6):711–717.
[8]BUTTON E,BRETTEREBNER H,SCHWAB P.The application of TRT(true reflection tomography)at the unterwald tunnel in Felsbau[J].Geophysics,2002,20(2):51–56.
[9]李永鸿,徐光黎,杨银湖,等.地震反射波法技术及其在隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(10):1180–1184.(LI Yong-hong,XU Guang-li,YANG Yin-hu,et al.Application of earthquake refracted wave method to geologyical prediction for tunneling[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(10):1180–1184.(in Chinese))
[10]ASHIDA Y,SASSA K.Depth transform of seismic data by use of equitravel time planes[J].Exploration Geophysics,1993,24(3/4):341–346.
[11]沈鸿雁,李庆春,冯宏.隧道反射地震超前探测偏移成像[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(3):298–304.(SHEN Hong-yan,LI Qing-chun,FENG Hong.Migration imaging for tunnel reflected-wave seismic prediction ahead[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(3):298–304.(in Chinese))
[12]CHENG F,LIU J,QU N,et al.Two-dimensional pre-stack reverse time imaging based on tunnel space[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2014,104:106–113.
[13]周青春,刘怀山,李国都,等.椭圆展开共反射点叠加方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):222–232.(ZHOU Qing-chun,LIU Huai-shan,KONDRASHKOV V V,et al.Research and application of ellipse evolving common reflection point stack method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(1):222–232.(in Chinese))
[14]KONDRASHKOV V V.Time section construction by ellipse evolving[J].Regional,Field and Development Geophysics(in Russian),1977,20:1–9.
[15]HALE D.Dip-moveout by Fourier transform[J].Geophysics,2012,49(3):337–344.
[16]谢玉洪,陈殿远,刘爱群,等.高精度叠前时间域速度分析方法研究及应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):38–43.(XIE Yu-hong,CHEN Dian-yuan,LIU Ai-qun,et al.High-precision velocity analysis method in prestack time domain and its application[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2014,38(2):38–43.(in Chinese))
[17]李栋,李振春,孔雪,等.利用共偏移距共反射面元叠加提高叠前地震资料质量[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(2):76–80.(LI Dong,LI Zhen-chun,KONG Xue,et al.Prestack seismic data enhancement with common-offset common-reflection-surface stack[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(2):76–80.(in Chinese))
[18]ZHOU Q C,LIU H S,KONDRASHKOV V V,et al.Ellipse evolving common reflection point velocity analysis and its application to oil and gas detection[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2009,6(1):53.
[19]KONDRASHKOV V V,ANISKOVICH E M.Fundamentals of the parametric development of reflections as a universal method for seismic data processing[J].Izvestiia Physiscs of the Solid Earth C/C of Fizika Zemli-Rossiiskaia Akademiia Nauk,1998,34(2):127–144.
[20]BELLINO A.Advanced methods for rock discontinuities estimation in tunneling[D].Torino:Politecnico di Torino,2013.