土地整理烟区不同有机肥施用量对烤烟生长及其品质的影响
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摘要
在湘南烟区田间试验研究了土地整理烟区烤烟最佳有机肥施用量以及增施有机肥对土壤理化特性、烟叶品质的影响,为科学合理的推广应用有机肥提供理论依据。试验设置了有机肥施用量750、1275、1800、2250 kg/hm~2和常规对照有机肥施用量225 kg/hm~2共5个处理,测定不同处理的土壤理化特性,统计不同处理烤烟生育期、农艺性状、产质量及烟叶内在化学成分。结果表明:在常规施肥(CK)的基础上,增施有机肥可增加土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,提高土壤腐殖化程度;增施有机肥能促进烟叶生长发育,延长大田生育期,提高中上部叶耐熟性,改善烟叶化学成分的协调性,提高上等烟比例,提高烟叶产值。有机质含量中等偏低的土地整理烟区有机肥最佳施用量为1800 kg/hm~2,烤烟产值最高,烟叶化学成分最协调。
In order to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and rational application of organic fertilizer,we carried out a field experiment to study the optimum dosage of organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production,as well as the influences of increasing the dosage of organic fertilizer on the soil physicochemical properties and tobacco quality in the land arrangement area of southern Hunan province. This experiment set up the following 5 treatments: applying 225( CK),750,1275,1800 or 2250 kg/hm~2 organic fertilizer. The physicochemical properties of soil and the growth period,agronomic traits,yield,quality and leaf chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco in different treatments were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: on the basis of conventional fertilization( CK),adding the dosage of organic fertilizer could increase the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil,increase the degree of soil humification,promote the growth and development of tobacco leaves,prolong the field growth period of tobacco plants,enhance the maturity of middle and upper leaves,improve the coordination of chemical compositions in tobacco leaves,increase the proportion of superior tobacco leaves,and increase the output value of tobacco leaves. In the land arrangement tobaccogrowing area with middle-low soil organic matter content,the best application rate of organic fertilizer was 1800 kg/hm~2,which can obtain the highest output value of flue-cured tobacco and the most harmonious chemical compositions in tobacco leaves.
In order to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and rational application of organic fertilizer,we carried out a field experiment to study the optimum dosage of organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production,as well as the influences of increasing the dosage of organic fertilizer on the soil physicochemical properties and tobacco quality in the land arrangement area of southern Hunan province. This experiment set up the following 5 treatments: applying 225( CK),750,1275,1800 or 2250 kg/hm~2 organic fertilizer. The physicochemical properties of soil and the growth period,agronomic traits,yield,quality and leaf chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco in different treatments were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: on the basis of conventional fertilization( CK),adding the dosage of organic fertilizer could increase the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil,increase the degree of soil humification,promote the growth and development of tobacco leaves,prolong the field growth period of tobacco plants,enhance the maturity of middle and upper leaves,improve the coordination of chemical compositions in tobacco leaves,increase the proportion of superior tobacco leaves,and increase the output value of tobacco leaves. In the land arrangement tobaccogrowing area with middle-low soil organic matter content,the best application rate of organic fertilizer was 1800 kg/hm~2,which can obtain the highest output value of flue-cured tobacco and the most harmonious chemical compositions in tobacco leaves.
引文
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[18]秦松,闫献芳,冯勇刚.贵州植烟土壤有机质与氮素特征研究[J].土壤,2004,36(4):416-419.
[19]王树会,邵岩,李天福,等.云南植烟土壤有机质与氮含量的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(5):18-20,27.
[20]段美珍.湖南植烟土壤有机质的区域差异及土壤肥力的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2006.
[2]高华军,韦忠,罗刚,等.百色市植烟土壤状况及保育和修复技术[J].作物研究,2016,30(6):736-740.
[3]李宏伟,杨新卿,王江华,等.微生物有机肥对丘陵旱区烤烟生长及烟叶质量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(5):1101-1103.
[4]徐健钦,徐智,宋建群,等.不同有机肥对烤烟生长发育、产质量及青枯病的影响[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(1):118-123.
[5]彭华伟,刘国顺,吴学巧,等.生物有机肥对烤烟氮磷钾积累,吸收和含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(1):25-29.
[6]介晓磊,王镇,化党领,等.生物有机肥对土壤氮磷钾及烟叶品质成分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(1):109-114.
[7]肖艳松,钟权,王文艺,等.菇渣发酵有机肥对烤烟产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(3):34-39.
[8]王忠平,罗应坤,张晓平,等.不同有机-无机复合肥配施对烤烟产质量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,26(2):70-73.
[9]胡可,李华兴,卢维盛,等.生物有机肥对土壤微生物活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):303-306.
[10]任小利,王丽萍,徐大兵,等.菜粕堆肥与无机肥配施对烤烟产量和品质以及土壤微生物的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(2):92-98.
[11]唐莉娜,张秋芳,刘波,等.有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟土壤微生物群落PLFAS动态的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):260-265.
[12]周芳芳,钱正强,赵剑华,等.不同种类液态有机肥对土壤理化性状及烟叶品质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(5):36-42.
[13]李军营,邓小鹏,杨坤,等.施用有机肥对植烟土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):12-16.
[14]黄正宾,梁伟,龙晓彤,等.不同有机肥施用量对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响[J].天津农业科学,2015,21(1):14-17.
[15]王岩,刘国顺.不同种类有机肥对烤烟生长及其品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2006,35(2):81-84.
[16]毛家伟,孙大为,张翔,等.不同有机肥对烤烟云烟87生长发育及土壤肥力的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(9):41-45.
[17]施河丽,谭军,秦兴成,等.不同生物有机肥对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(2):74-78.
[18]秦松,闫献芳,冯勇刚.贵州植烟土壤有机质与氮素特征研究[J].土壤,2004,36(4):416-419.
[19]王树会,邵岩,李天福,等.云南植烟土壤有机质与氮含量的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(5):18-20,27.
[20]段美珍.湖南植烟土壤有机质的区域差异及土壤肥力的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2006.