微生物菌剂和生防木霉菌对甘蓝黑腐病的田间防效及其对甘蓝的促生作用
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摘要
【目的】明确供试微生物菌剂和生防木霉菌对甘蓝黑腐病的大田防治效果及其对甘蓝植株的促生作用,为甘蓝黑腐病的生物防治提供参考。【方法】通过室内盆栽灌根法测定4株生防木霉菌(GYXM-1p1、GYSW-3m1、KLSD-8m~3和GYYC-15p2)对甘蓝植株的促生作用;采用田间灌根、根部穴施和叶面喷施等方法评价4株生防木霉菌(GYXM-1p1、GYSW-3m1、KLSD-8m~3和GYYC-15p2)和4种微生物菌剂(抗重茬微生态制剂+绿康威微生物肥、淡紫拟青霉微生物肥、沃丰康—复合微生物菌剂和沃丰康—克线散粉剂)对甘蓝黑腐病的田间防治效果及其对甘蓝植株的促生作用。【结果】盆栽促生试验结果表明,4株生防木霉菌中GYXM-1p1菌株对甘蓝的促生作用最明显,处理后甘蓝植株的株高、根长、茎叶鲜重和干重、根鲜重和干重、植株总鲜重和总干重均显著高于清水对照(P<0.05),其中植株总鲜重和总干重分别较清水对照增加417.60%和762.69%。大田促生试验结果表明,4株生防木霉菌中GYXM-1p1菌株对甘蓝叶球的促生作用最明显,叶球鲜重为1758.89 g/个,较清水对照增幅为23.19%;4种微生物菌剂中沃丰康—克线散粉剂对叶球的促生作用最明显,叶球鲜重为1882.22 g/个,增幅为31.83%,其次是抗重茬微生态制剂+绿康威微生物肥,叶球鲜重为1818.89 g/个,增幅为27.39%。大田防效试验结果表明,4株生防木霉菌中GYYC-15p2菌株对甘蓝黑腐病的防治效果最佳,防效达79.16%,其次是GYXM-1p1菌株,防效为63.62%;沃丰康—复合微生物菌剂、淡紫拟青霉微生物肥、抗重茬微生态制剂+绿康威微生物肥和沃丰康—克线散粉剂对甘蓝黑腐病的防效分别为67.77%、67.77%、66.29%和57.41%,4者防效差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】生防木霉菌GYXM-1p1菌株可作为生防资源应用于甘蓝黑腐病防治,抗重茬微生态制剂+绿康威微生物肥可直接应用于大田甘蓝黑腐病的防治。
【Objective】In order to provide scientific basis for screening the highly effective biocontrol agents for controlling cabbage black rot,control effects of microbial preparations and biocontrol strains of Trichoderma on cabbage black rot in field and its growth-promoting effect on cabbage were researched.【Method】The growth-promoting effects of the four biocontrol strains of Trichoderm(GYXM-1 p1,GYSW-3 m1,KLSD-8 m~3 and GYYC-15 p2)on cabbage were tested by root irrigation in pot experiments. The growth-promoting and control effects of black rot of the four biocontrol strains of Trichoderma(GYXM-1 p1,GYSW-3 m1,KLSD-8 m~3 and GYYC-15 p2)and the four microbial preparations(Kangchongcha probiotics+Lükangwei microbial fertilizer,Paecilomyces lilacinus microbial fertilizer,Wofengkang-compound microbial preparation and Wofengkang-Kexiansan powder)on cabbage were tested by root irrigation,applying inholes near root and foliage spraying in the field.【Result】Among the four biocontrol strains of Trichoderma,the results of pot pro-growth experiments showed that strain GYXM-1 p1 treatment was the most useful on growth promotion,the plant height,root length,fresh and dry weight of foliage and stem,fresh and dry weight of root,total fresh weight and total dry weight of plant were significantly higher than clear water control treatmen(tP<0.05),with the plant total fresh weight and total dry weight increased by 417.60% and 762.69% compared with control respectively. Among the four biocontrol strains of Trichoderma,the results of field pro-growth experiments showed that GYXM-1 p1 treatment had the highest growth-promoting effect on cabbage bulb,the bulb fresh weight was 1758.89 g/bulb,and the increase was 23.19% compared with control. Among the four microbial preparations,Wofengkang-Kexiansan powder treatment had the highest growth-promoting effect on cabbage bulb,the bulb fresh weight was 1882.22 g/bulb and increased by 31.83%,followed by Kangchongcha probiotics+Lükangwei microbial fertilizer treatment,the bulb fresh weight was 1818.89 g/bulb and increased by 27.39%. Among the four biocontrol strains of Trichoderma,the results of field effect tests showed that GYYC-15 p2 treatment had the best control effect,the control effect was up to 79.16%,followed by GYXM-1 p1 treatment,the control effect was 63.62%. The control effects of Wofengkang-compound microbial preparation,P. lilacinus microbial fertilizer,Kangchongcha probiotics + Lükangwei microbial fertilizer and Wofengkang-Kexiansan powder treatments were67.77%,67.77%,66.29% and 57.41%,respectively,and the differences were not significant(P>0.05).【Conclusion】The present study indicates that strain GYXM-1 p1 can be used as an important biocontrol resource for the prevention and control of cabbage black rot. Kangchongcha probiotics+Lükangwei microbial fertilizer can be directly used to control cabbage black rot.
【Objective】In order to provide scientific basis for screening the highly effective biocontrol agents for controlling cabbage black rot,control effects of microbial preparations and biocontrol strains of Trichoderma on cabbage black rot in field and its growth-promoting effect on cabbage were researched.【Method】The growth-promoting effects of the four biocontrol strains of Trichoderm(GYXM-1 p1,GYSW-3 m1,KLSD-8 m~3 and GYYC-15 p2)on cabbage were tested by root irrigation in pot experiments. The growth-promoting and control effects of black rot of the four biocontrol strains of Trichoderma(GYXM-1 p1,GYSW-3 m1,KLSD-8 m~3 and GYYC-15 p2)and the four microbial preparations(Kangchongcha probiotics+Lükangwei microbial fertilizer,Paecilomyces lilacinus microbial fertilizer,Wofengkang-compound microbial preparation and Wofengkang-Kexiansan powder)on cabbage were tested by root irrigation,applying inholes near root and foliage spraying in the field.【Result】Among the four biocontrol strains of Trichoderma,the results of pot pro-growth experiments showed that strain GYXM-1 p1 treatment was the most useful on growth promotion,the plant height,root length,fresh and dry weight of foliage and stem,fresh and dry weight of root,total fresh weight and total dry weight of plant were significantly higher than clear water control treatmen(tP<0.05),with the plant total fresh weight and total dry weight increased by 417.60% and 762.69% compared with control respectively. Among the four biocontrol strains of Trichoderma,the results of field pro-growth experiments showed that GYXM-1 p1 treatment had the highest growth-promoting effect on cabbage bulb,the bulb fresh weight was 1758.89 g/bulb,and the increase was 23.19% compared with control. Among the four microbial preparations,Wofengkang-Kexiansan powder treatment had the highest growth-promoting effect on cabbage bulb,the bulb fresh weight was 1882.22 g/bulb and increased by 31.83%,followed by Kangchongcha probiotics+Lükangwei microbial fertilizer treatment,the bulb fresh weight was 1818.89 g/bulb and increased by 27.39%. Among the four biocontrol strains of Trichoderma,the results of field effect tests showed that GYYC-15 p2 treatment had the best control effect,the control effect was up to 79.16%,followed by GYXM-1 p1 treatment,the control effect was 63.62%. The control effects of Wofengkang-compound microbial preparation,P. lilacinus microbial fertilizer,Kangchongcha probiotics + Lükangwei microbial fertilizer and Wofengkang-Kexiansan powder treatments were67.77%,67.77%,66.29% and 57.41%,respectively,and the differences were not significant(P>0.05).【Conclusion】The present study indicates that strain GYXM-1 p1 can be used as an important biocontrol resource for the prevention and control of cabbage black rot. Kangchongcha probiotics+Lükangwei microbial fertilizer can be directly used to control cabbage black rot.
引文
陈茂春.2015.甘蓝类蔬菜常见病害的防治[J].农村实用技术,(10):36-38.[Chen M C.2015.Prevention and treatment of common diseases of cabbage vegetables[J].Practical Rural Technology,(10):36-38.]
戴忠良,陈丽,山溪,秦文斌,肖燕,朱建飞.2018.甘蓝晚抽薹基因BoFLC3克隆、序列分析和亚细胞定位[J].江苏农业学报,34(6):1324-1330.[Dai Z L,Chen L,Shan X,Qin W B,Xiao Y,Zhu J F.2018.Cloning,sequence analysis and subcellular localization of Brassica oleracea BoFLC3gene[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,34(6):1324-1330.]
黄美玲.2012.“兴达”复混肥在包心甘蓝上的肥效试验[J].蔬菜,(2):60-61.[Huang M L.2012.Fertilizer efficiency test of“Xinda”compound fertilizer on cabbage[J].Vegetables,(2):60-61.]
姜辉,陈景芬,王晓军.2004.农药田间药效试验准则(三)[M].北京:中国标准出版社.[Jiang H,Chen J F,Wang X J.2004.Pesticide Guidelines for the Field Efficacy Trials(III)[M].Beijing:China Standards Press.]
李德全,钱亚明,周鸣鸣,谈蓉,邓自发,袁素霞.2016.海洋细菌NH-8防治草莓灰霉病机理及其抗菌物质分析[J].植物保护学报,43(2):215-221.[Li D Q,Qian Y M,Zhou M M,Tan R,Deng Z F,Yuan S X.2016.The mechanism of biological control of strawberry gray mould using the marine bacterial NH-8 strain and analysis of the antifungal substances from the strain[J].Journal of Plant Protection,43(2):215-221.]
梁小蕊.2016.三株海洋木霉次生代谢产物及生物活性研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学.[Liang X R.2016.Secondary metabolites from three marine-derived Trichoderma Fungi and their bioactivities[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.]
梁元凯,夏正丽,刘润安,李阳辉.2016.甘蓝黑腐病识别与综合防控技术[J].西北园艺(蔬菜),(1):43-44.[Liang YK,Xia Z L,Liu R A,Li Y H.2016.Identification and comprehensive prevention and control of black rot of cabbage[J].Northwest Horticulture(Vegetables),(1):43-44.]
潘青仙,金灵占.2004.新型有机肥对甘蓝产量和商品性的影响[J].浙江农业科学,(3):119-120.[Pan Q X,Jin L Z.2004.Effect of new organic fertilizer on yield and commodity of cabbage[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):119-120.]
张丽荣,李鹏,康萍芝,杜玉宁,陈杭.2018.压砂西瓜枯萎病生防木霉菌筛选及其拮抗机制研究[J].河南农业科学,47(5):75-78.[Zhang L R,Li P,Kang P Z,Du Y N,Chen H.2018.Screening and antagonistic mechanism analysis of Trichoderma spp.against Fusarium Wilt of watermelon in gravel-mulched land[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,47(5):75-78.]
周文美.2016.甘蓝栽培技术及病虫害防治策略研究[J].农村科学实验,(11):50-51.[Zhou W M.2016.Studies on cultivation techniques and disease and pest control strategies of cabbage[J].Scientific Experiment in Countryside,(11):50-51.]
Altomare C,Norvell W A,Bjorkman T,Harman G E.1999.Solubilization of phosphate and micronutrients by the plant-growth promoting and biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai 1295-22[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,65(7):2926-2933.
Assis S M,Mariano R L,Michereff S J,Silva G,Maranh?o EA,Silva G,Maranh?o E A.1999.Antagonism of yeasts to Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris on cabbage phylloplane in field[J].Revista de Microbiologia,30(3):191-195.
Beeresh L,Shripad K.2018.Prevalence of Fluorescent pseudomonads in cruciferous rhizosphere,their characterization and severity of black rot of cabbage in Northern Karnataka[J].International Journal of Plant&Soil Science,22(6):1-8.
Ghazalibiglar H,Hampton J G,van ZijlldeJong E,Holyoake A.2016.Evaluation of Paenibacillus spp.isolates for the biological control of black rot in Brassica oleracea var.capitata(cabbage)[J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,26(4):504-515.
Liu K,Garrett C,Fadamiro H,Kloepper J W.2016.Antagonism of black rot in cabbage by mixtures of plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)[J].BioControl,61(5):605-613.
Mishra S,Arora N K.2012.Management of black rot in cabbage by rhizospheric Pseudomonas species and analysis of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol by qRT-PCR[J].Biological Control,61(1):32-39.
Wulff E G,Mguni C M,Mansfeld-Giese K,Fels J,Lübeck M,Hockenhull J.2002a.Biochemical and molecular characterization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,B.subtilis and B.pumilus isolates with distinct antagonistic potential against Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris[J].Plant Pathology,51(5):574-584.
Wulff E G,Mguni C M,Mortensen C N,Keswani C L,Hockenhull J.2002b.Biological control of black rot(Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris)of brassicas with an antagonistic strain of Bacillus subtilis in Zimbabwe[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,108(4):317-325.
戴忠良,陈丽,山溪,秦文斌,肖燕,朱建飞.2018.甘蓝晚抽薹基因BoFLC3克隆、序列分析和亚细胞定位[J].江苏农业学报,34(6):1324-1330.[Dai Z L,Chen L,Shan X,Qin W B,Xiao Y,Zhu J F.2018.Cloning,sequence analysis and subcellular localization of Brassica oleracea BoFLC3gene[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,34(6):1324-1330.]
黄美玲.2012.“兴达”复混肥在包心甘蓝上的肥效试验[J].蔬菜,(2):60-61.[Huang M L.2012.Fertilizer efficiency test of“Xinda”compound fertilizer on cabbage[J].Vegetables,(2):60-61.]
姜辉,陈景芬,王晓军.2004.农药田间药效试验准则(三)[M].北京:中国标准出版社.[Jiang H,Chen J F,Wang X J.2004.Pesticide Guidelines for the Field Efficacy Trials(III)[M].Beijing:China Standards Press.]
李德全,钱亚明,周鸣鸣,谈蓉,邓自发,袁素霞.2016.海洋细菌NH-8防治草莓灰霉病机理及其抗菌物质分析[J].植物保护学报,43(2):215-221.[Li D Q,Qian Y M,Zhou M M,Tan R,Deng Z F,Yuan S X.2016.The mechanism of biological control of strawberry gray mould using the marine bacterial NH-8 strain and analysis of the antifungal substances from the strain[J].Journal of Plant Protection,43(2):215-221.]
梁小蕊.2016.三株海洋木霉次生代谢产物及生物活性研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学.[Liang X R.2016.Secondary metabolites from three marine-derived Trichoderma Fungi and their bioactivities[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.]
梁元凯,夏正丽,刘润安,李阳辉.2016.甘蓝黑腐病识别与综合防控技术[J].西北园艺(蔬菜),(1):43-44.[Liang YK,Xia Z L,Liu R A,Li Y H.2016.Identification and comprehensive prevention and control of black rot of cabbage[J].Northwest Horticulture(Vegetables),(1):43-44.]
潘青仙,金灵占.2004.新型有机肥对甘蓝产量和商品性的影响[J].浙江农业科学,(3):119-120.[Pan Q X,Jin L Z.2004.Effect of new organic fertilizer on yield and commodity of cabbage[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):119-120.]
张丽荣,李鹏,康萍芝,杜玉宁,陈杭.2018.压砂西瓜枯萎病生防木霉菌筛选及其拮抗机制研究[J].河南农业科学,47(5):75-78.[Zhang L R,Li P,Kang P Z,Du Y N,Chen H.2018.Screening and antagonistic mechanism analysis of Trichoderma spp.against Fusarium Wilt of watermelon in gravel-mulched land[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,47(5):75-78.]
周文美.2016.甘蓝栽培技术及病虫害防治策略研究[J].农村科学实验,(11):50-51.[Zhou W M.2016.Studies on cultivation techniques and disease and pest control strategies of cabbage[J].Scientific Experiment in Countryside,(11):50-51.]
Altomare C,Norvell W A,Bjorkman T,Harman G E.1999.Solubilization of phosphate and micronutrients by the plant-growth promoting and biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai 1295-22[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,65(7):2926-2933.
Assis S M,Mariano R L,Michereff S J,Silva G,Maranh?o EA,Silva G,Maranh?o E A.1999.Antagonism of yeasts to Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris on cabbage phylloplane in field[J].Revista de Microbiologia,30(3):191-195.
Beeresh L,Shripad K.2018.Prevalence of Fluorescent pseudomonads in cruciferous rhizosphere,their characterization and severity of black rot of cabbage in Northern Karnataka[J].International Journal of Plant&Soil Science,22(6):1-8.
Ghazalibiglar H,Hampton J G,van ZijlldeJong E,Holyoake A.2016.Evaluation of Paenibacillus spp.isolates for the biological control of black rot in Brassica oleracea var.capitata(cabbage)[J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,26(4):504-515.
Liu K,Garrett C,Fadamiro H,Kloepper J W.2016.Antagonism of black rot in cabbage by mixtures of plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)[J].BioControl,61(5):605-613.
Mishra S,Arora N K.2012.Management of black rot in cabbage by rhizospheric Pseudomonas species and analysis of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol by qRT-PCR[J].Biological Control,61(1):32-39.
Wulff E G,Mguni C M,Mansfeld-Giese K,Fels J,Lübeck M,Hockenhull J.2002a.Biochemical and molecular characterization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,B.subtilis and B.pumilus isolates with distinct antagonistic potential against Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris[J].Plant Pathology,51(5):574-584.
Wulff E G,Mguni C M,Mortensen C N,Keswani C L,Hockenhull J.2002b.Biological control of black rot(Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris)of brassicas with an antagonistic strain of Bacillus subtilis in Zimbabwe[J].European Journal of Plant Pathology,108(4):317-325.