菊花F_1代抗蚜性遗传变异与QTL定位
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摘要
以菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)‘南农雪峰’(抗蚜虫)ב蒙白’(感蚜虫)的F1代为材料,通过温室自然感蚜方法调查苗期蚜害指数,分析抗蚜性的遗传变异,并开展QTL定位研究。结果表明:菊花抗蚜性在F1群体中广泛分离,苗期蚜害指数在0.20～0.92之间,变异系数为36.73%,中亲优势和双向超亲分离现象普遍存在,基本符合双峰偏态分布,为多基因控制的数量性状。主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析表明,该F1群体菊花抗蚜性的遗传符合由两对主基因控制的B-2模型,主基因表现为加性—显性效应,主基因遗传率为0.91。基于复合区间作图法的QTL分析共检测到4个与菊花抗蚜性显著相关的QTL(ArX3、ArX4、ArX30和ArM9),主要分布在‘南农雪峰’遗传图谱的X3、X4、X30连锁群和‘蒙白’遗传图谱的M9连锁群上,LOD值介于2.40～3.52之间,单个QTL可以解释抗蚜性变异的5.90%～9.38%,均为微效QTL。
The performance of aphid resistance,quantified by aphid damage index,was evaluated for the 113 randomly selected F1 lines derived from ‘Nannong Xuefeng' × ‘Monalisa' at seedling stages under greenhouse condition,and the genetic variation and QTL responsible for aphid resistance were examined in the present study. The result showed that aphid damage index ranged between 0.20–0.92 and distributed normally with a coefficient of variation of 36.73%,indicative of the quantitative nature;in addition,transgressive segregation was observed in both directions,which basically accords with the trend of bimodality. Major gene plus polygene inheritance model analysis figured out the inheritance of aphid resistance fitted B-2 model that was governed by two major genes showing additive-dominant effects,and the heritability of the major genes was calculated at 0.91. QTL analysis based on the composite interval mapping method detected four aphid-resistance-associated QTLs,namely ArX3,ArX4,ArX30 and ArM9,harboring on the linkage group X3,X4 and X30 of‘Nannong Xuefeng'map and M9 of‘Monolisa'map,with a LOD value of 2.40–3.52. The additive effect of the four QTLs varied in a range of–0.16–0.18,and the individually explained phenotypic variation ranged from 5.90% to 9.38%,therefore the identified QTL should be minor genes.
The performance of aphid resistance,quantified by aphid damage index,was evaluated for the 113 randomly selected F1 lines derived from ‘Nannong Xuefeng' × ‘Monalisa' at seedling stages under greenhouse condition,and the genetic variation and QTL responsible for aphid resistance were examined in the present study. The result showed that aphid damage index ranged between 0.20–0.92 and distributed normally with a coefficient of variation of 36.73%,indicative of the quantitative nature;in addition,transgressive segregation was observed in both directions,which basically accords with the trend of bimodality. Major gene plus polygene inheritance model analysis figured out the inheritance of aphid resistance fitted B-2 model that was governed by two major genes showing additive-dominant effects,and the heritability of the major genes was calculated at 0.91. QTL analysis based on the composite interval mapping method detected four aphid-resistance-associated QTLs,namely ArX3,ArX4,ArX30 and ArM9,harboring on the linkage group X3,X4 and X30 of‘Nannong Xuefeng'map and M9 of‘Monolisa'map,with a LOD value of 2.40–3.52. The additive effect of the four QTLs varied in a range of–0.16–0.18,and the individually explained phenotypic variation ranged from 5.90% to 9.38%,therefore the identified QTL should be minor genes.
引文
Bus V G M,ChagnéD,Bassett H C M,Bowatte D,Calenge F,Celton J M,Durel C E,Malone M T,Patocchi A,Ranatunga A C,Rikkerink E H A,Tustin D S,Zhou J,Gardiner S E.2008.Genome mapping of three major resistance genes to wooly apple aphid(Eriosoma lanigerum Hausum.).Tree Genet Genome,4:223-236.
Chau A,Heinz K M,Cartmill A D.2004.Fertility affects susceptibility of chrysanthemum to cotton aphids:influence on plant growth,photosynthesis,ethylene evolution,and herbivore abundance.Journal of the American Society for Horticulturalence,129(3):344-353.
Clarice M,Christina D F,Wang D.2008.Inheritance of soybean aphid resistance in PI 567541B and PI 567598B.Crop Science,48(5):1759-1763.
Deng Y,Chen S,Lu A,Chen F,Tang F,Guan Z,Teng N.2010.Production and characterization of the interneneric hybrids between Dendranthema morifolium and Artemisia vulgaris exhibiting enhanced resistance to chrysanthemum aphid(Macrosiphoniella sanbourni).Planta,231:693-703.
Fu X,Su J,Yu K,Cai Y,Zhang F,Chen S,Fang W,Chen F,Guan Z.2018.Genetic variation and association mapping of aphid(Macrosiphoniella sanbourni)resistance in chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.).Euphytica,214(2):21.
Gai Jun-yi,Zhang Yuan-ming,Wang Jian-kang.2003.Genetic system of quantitative traits in plants.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)盖钧镒，章元明，王建康.2003.植物数量性状遗传体系.北京：科学出版社.
He J,Chen F,Chen S,Lv G,Deng Y,Fang W,Liu Z,Guan Z,He C.2011.Chrysanthemum leaf epidermal surface morphology and antioxidant and defense enzyme activity in response to aphid infestation.Journal of Plant Physiology,168(7):687-693.
Julier B,Bournoville R,LandréB,Ecalle C,CarréS.2004.Genetic analysis of lucerne(Medicago sativa L.)seedling resistance to pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris).Euphytica,138(2):133-139.
Klingler J,Creasy R,Gao L,Nair R M,Calix A S,Jacob H S,Edwards O R,Singh K B.2005.Aphid resistance in Medicago truncatula involves antixenosis and phloem-specific,inducible antibiosis,and maps to a single locus flanked by NBS-LRR resistance gene analogs.Plant Physiology,137(4):1445-1455.
Klingler J P,Edward O R,Singh K B.2007.Independent action and contrasting phenotypes of resistance genes against spotted alfalfa aphid and bluegreen aphid in Medicago truncatula.New Phytologist,173(3):630.
Liu X M,Smith C M,Friebe B R,Gill B S.2005.Molecular mapping and allelic relationships of Russian wheat aphid-resistance genes.Crop Science,45(6):2273-2280.
Mc Couch S R,Chen X L,Panaud O,Temnykh S,Xu Y B,Cho Y G,Huang N,Ishii T,Blair M.1997.Microsatellite marker development,mapping and applications in rice genetic and breeding.Plant Molecular Biology,35:89-99.
Miao H,Jiang B,Chen S,Zhang S,Chen F,Fang W,Teng N,Guan Z.2010.Isolation of a gibberellin 20‐oxidase cDNA from and characterization of its expression in chrysanthemum.Plant Breeding,129(6):707-714.
Peng H,Zhang F,Jiang J,Chen S,Fang W,Guan Z,Chen F.2015.Identification of quantitative trait loci for branching traits of spray cut chrysanthemum.Euphytica,202(3):385-392.
Shen Fa-rong.2002.Chemical control of Macrosiphorniella sanborni.Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,24(4):325-327.(in Chinese)沈发荣.2002.菊小长管蚜的化学防治研究.西南农业大学学报，24(4):325-327.
Stoeckli S,Mody K,Gessler C,Patocchi A,Jermini M,Dorn S.2008.QTL analysis for aphid resistance and growth traits in apple.Tree Genet Genomes,4:833-847.
Su J,Yang X,Zhang F,Wu S,Xiong S,Shi L,Guan Z,Fang W,Chen F.2018.Dynamic and epistatic QTL mapping reveals the complex genetic architecture of waterlogging tolerance in chrysanthemum.Planta,247(4):899-924.
Sun Y,Xia X,Jiang J,Chen S,Chen F,Lv G.2015.Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters and genes of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Artemisia vulgaris and Dendranthema nankingense under aphid feeding.Genetics and Molecular Research,15(1):gmr.15017546.
Sun Ya,Guan Zhi-yong,Chen Su-mei,Fang Wei-min,Chen Fa-di.2012.Identification of aphid resistance in eleven species Dendranthema and Artemisia at seedling stage.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(1):319-325.(in Chinese)孙娅，管志勇，陈素梅，房伟民，陈发棣.2012.菊属与蒿属植物苗期抗蚜虫性鉴定.生态学报，32(1):319-325.
Voorrips R E.2002.MapChart:software for the Graphical presentation of linkage maps and QTLs.Journal of Heredity,93:77-78.
Wang C,Zhang F,Guan Z,Chen Si,Jiang J,Fang W,Chen F.2014.Inheritance and molecular markers for aphid(Macrosiphoniella sanbourni)resistance in chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.).Scientia Horticulturae,180:220-226.
Wang Guan-lin,Liu Yan-hong,Guo Shao-hua,Wang Yu,Ji Yan,Fang Hong-jun.2004.Study on transformation of snowdrop lectin gene to chrysanthemum and aphid resistance of the transgenic plants.Acta Genetica Sinica,31(12):1434-1438.(in Chinese)王关林，刘彦泓，郭绍华，王宇，纪彦，方宏筠.2004.雪花莲凝集素基因转化菊花及转基因植株的抗蚜性研究.遗传学报，31(12):1434-1438.
Wang S,Basten J C,Zeng Z B.2007.Window QTL cartographer version 2.5.statistical genetics.USA:North Carolina State University.
Wang Y,Sheng L,Zhang H,Du X,An C,Xia X,Chen F,Jiang J,Chen S.2017.CmMYB19 over-expression improves aphid tolerance in chrysanthemum by promoting lignin synthesis.International Journal of Molecular Sciences,18(3):619.
Zhang F,Chen S,Jiang J,Guan Z,Fang W,Chen F.2013.Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci underlying flowering time in chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium).PLoS ONE,8(12):e83023.
Zhang F,Jiang J,Chen S,Chen F,Fang W.2012.Mapping single-locus and epistatic quantitative trait loci for plant architectural traits in chrysanthemum.Molecular Breeding,30(2):1027-1036.
Zhang G,Gu C,Wang D.2009.Molecular mapping of soybean aphid resistance genes in PI 567541B.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,118(3):473-482.
Zhang Y,Wang L,Wu K,Wyckhuys K A,Heimpel G E.2008.Flight performance of the soybean aphid,Aphis glycines(Hemiptera:Aphididae)under different temperature and humidity regimens.Environmental Entomology,37(2):301-306.
Chau A,Heinz K M,Cartmill A D.2004.Fertility affects susceptibility of chrysanthemum to cotton aphids:influence on plant growth,photosynthesis,ethylene evolution,and herbivore abundance.Journal of the American Society for Horticulturalence,129(3):344-353.
Clarice M,Christina D F,Wang D.2008.Inheritance of soybean aphid resistance in PI 567541B and PI 567598B.Crop Science,48(5):1759-1763.
Deng Y,Chen S,Lu A,Chen F,Tang F,Guan Z,Teng N.2010.Production and characterization of the interneneric hybrids between Dendranthema morifolium and Artemisia vulgaris exhibiting enhanced resistance to chrysanthemum aphid(Macrosiphoniella sanbourni).Planta,231:693-703.
Fu X,Su J,Yu K,Cai Y,Zhang F,Chen S,Fang W,Chen F,Guan Z.2018.Genetic variation and association mapping of aphid(Macrosiphoniella sanbourni)resistance in chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.).Euphytica,214(2):21.
Gai Jun-yi,Zhang Yuan-ming,Wang Jian-kang.2003.Genetic system of quantitative traits in plants.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)盖钧镒，章元明，王建康.2003.植物数量性状遗传体系.北京：科学出版社.
He J,Chen F,Chen S,Lv G,Deng Y,Fang W,Liu Z,Guan Z,He C.2011.Chrysanthemum leaf epidermal surface morphology and antioxidant and defense enzyme activity in response to aphid infestation.Journal of Plant Physiology,168(7):687-693.
Julier B,Bournoville R,LandréB,Ecalle C,CarréS.2004.Genetic analysis of lucerne(Medicago sativa L.)seedling resistance to pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris).Euphytica,138(2):133-139.
Klingler J,Creasy R,Gao L,Nair R M,Calix A S,Jacob H S,Edwards O R,Singh K B.2005.Aphid resistance in Medicago truncatula involves antixenosis and phloem-specific,inducible antibiosis,and maps to a single locus flanked by NBS-LRR resistance gene analogs.Plant Physiology,137(4):1445-1455.
Klingler J P,Edward O R,Singh K B.2007.Independent action and contrasting phenotypes of resistance genes against spotted alfalfa aphid and bluegreen aphid in Medicago truncatula.New Phytologist,173(3):630.
Liu X M,Smith C M,Friebe B R,Gill B S.2005.Molecular mapping and allelic relationships of Russian wheat aphid-resistance genes.Crop Science,45(6):2273-2280.
Mc Couch S R,Chen X L,Panaud O,Temnykh S,Xu Y B,Cho Y G,Huang N,Ishii T,Blair M.1997.Microsatellite marker development,mapping and applications in rice genetic and breeding.Plant Molecular Biology,35:89-99.
Miao H,Jiang B,Chen S,Zhang S,Chen F,Fang W,Teng N,Guan Z.2010.Isolation of a gibberellin 20‐oxidase cDNA from and characterization of its expression in chrysanthemum.Plant Breeding,129(6):707-714.
Peng H,Zhang F,Jiang J,Chen S,Fang W,Guan Z,Chen F.2015.Identification of quantitative trait loci for branching traits of spray cut chrysanthemum.Euphytica,202(3):385-392.
Shen Fa-rong.2002.Chemical control of Macrosiphorniella sanborni.Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,24(4):325-327.(in Chinese)沈发荣.2002.菊小长管蚜的化学防治研究.西南农业大学学报，24(4):325-327.
Stoeckli S,Mody K,Gessler C,Patocchi A,Jermini M,Dorn S.2008.QTL analysis for aphid resistance and growth traits in apple.Tree Genet Genomes,4:833-847.
Su J,Yang X,Zhang F,Wu S,Xiong S,Shi L,Guan Z,Fang W,Chen F.2018.Dynamic and epistatic QTL mapping reveals the complex genetic architecture of waterlogging tolerance in chrysanthemum.Planta,247(4):899-924.
Sun Y,Xia X,Jiang J,Chen S,Chen F,Lv G.2015.Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters and genes of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Artemisia vulgaris and Dendranthema nankingense under aphid feeding.Genetics and Molecular Research,15(1):gmr.15017546.
Sun Ya,Guan Zhi-yong,Chen Su-mei,Fang Wei-min,Chen Fa-di.2012.Identification of aphid resistance in eleven species Dendranthema and Artemisia at seedling stage.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(1):319-325.(in Chinese)孙娅，管志勇，陈素梅，房伟民，陈发棣.2012.菊属与蒿属植物苗期抗蚜虫性鉴定.生态学报，32(1):319-325.
Voorrips R E.2002.MapChart:software for the Graphical presentation of linkage maps and QTLs.Journal of Heredity,93:77-78.
Wang C,Zhang F,Guan Z,Chen Si,Jiang J,Fang W,Chen F.2014.Inheritance and molecular markers for aphid(Macrosiphoniella sanbourni)resistance in chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.).Scientia Horticulturae,180:220-226.
Wang Guan-lin,Liu Yan-hong,Guo Shao-hua,Wang Yu,Ji Yan,Fang Hong-jun.2004.Study on transformation of snowdrop lectin gene to chrysanthemum and aphid resistance of the transgenic plants.Acta Genetica Sinica,31(12):1434-1438.(in Chinese)王关林，刘彦泓，郭绍华，王宇，纪彦，方宏筠.2004.雪花莲凝集素基因转化菊花及转基因植株的抗蚜性研究.遗传学报，31(12):1434-1438.
Wang S,Basten J C,Zeng Z B.2007.Window QTL cartographer version 2.5.statistical genetics.USA:North Carolina State University.
Wang Y,Sheng L,Zhang H,Du X,An C,Xia X,Chen F,Jiang J,Chen S.2017.CmMYB19 over-expression improves aphid tolerance in chrysanthemum by promoting lignin synthesis.International Journal of Molecular Sciences,18(3):619.
Zhang F,Chen S,Jiang J,Guan Z,Fang W,Chen F.2013.Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci underlying flowering time in chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium).PLoS ONE,8(12):e83023.
Zhang F,Jiang J,Chen S,Chen F,Fang W.2012.Mapping single-locus and epistatic quantitative trait loci for plant architectural traits in chrysanthemum.Molecular Breeding,30(2):1027-1036.
Zhang G,Gu C,Wang D.2009.Molecular mapping of soybean aphid resistance genes in PI 567541B.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,118(3):473-482.
Zhang Y,Wang L,Wu K,Wyckhuys K A,Heimpel G E.2008.Flight performance of the soybean aphid,Aphis glycines(Hemiptera:Aphididae)under different temperature and humidity regimens.Environmental Entomology,37(2):301-306.