“一带一路”沿线国家油气合作进展与合作建议
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摘要
油气合作是"一带一路"倡议的重要内容。"一带一路"沿线国家油气资源丰富,已成为中国石油企业海外核心油气合作区;我国在"一带一路"沿线国家的权益油气产量逐步增加,2017年原油权益产量1.48亿t、天然气权益产量450亿m3;陆上输油气管线和海上港口等基础设施逐渐成型,2017年我国净进口原油4.2亿t,其中"一带一路"沿线国家占进口份额的61.7%。本文分析了当前形势下油气合作的两方面机遇,包括国内油气需求持续高位、油气体制改革不断加速等;总结了四方面的挑战,包括复杂多变的地缘政治、大国利益关系格局变化、油气市场供需格局变化及全球能源结构的转型等;提出了四个合作建议,包括政府间积极构建能源合作平台,企业海外合作不断创新合作方式,中东、中亚和俄罗斯仍是我国油气重要的战略目标区,更加注重维护海上油气通道运输安全等。
The oil and gas cooperation is an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative.The countries along the Belt and Road are rich in oil and gas resources,and the Belt and Road has become a core oil and gas cooperation zone for oil companies.Chinas oil and gas production in the Belt and Road countries has gradually increased,the crude oil reached 148 Mt and the natural gas reached 45 billion cubic meters in2017.Infrastructures such as onshore oil and gas pipelines and offshore ports have gradually taken shape.In2017,China imported 420 Mt of crude oil,the countries of the Belt and Road accounted for 61.7%.The paper analyzes two opportunities for oil and gas cooperation under the current situation,including the domestic oil and gas demand continues to increase,and the oil and gas system reform process has been accelerating.The four aspects of the challenges are summarized,including more complex and ever-changing geopolitics,changes in the relationship of major countriesinterest relations,changes in the supply and demand pattern of the oil and gas market,and the transformation of the global energy structure.Four cooperation proposals are proposed,including the active construction of an energy cooperation platform between the governments,the oil and gas companies should continuously innovate cooperation methods and enhance core competitiveness.The Middle East,Central Asia and Russia are still important strategic targetsfor Chinas oil and gas,and more attention should be paid to maintaining the safety of offshore oil and gas transmission.
The oil and gas cooperation is an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative.The countries along the Belt and Road are rich in oil and gas resources,and the Belt and Road has become a core oil and gas cooperation zone for oil companies.Chinas oil and gas production in the Belt and Road countries has gradually increased,the crude oil reached 148 Mt and the natural gas reached 45 billion cubic meters in2017.Infrastructures such as onshore oil and gas pipelines and offshore ports have gradually taken shape.In2017,China imported 420 Mt of crude oil,the countries of the Belt and Road accounted for 61.7%.The paper analyzes two opportunities for oil and gas cooperation under the current situation,including the domestic oil and gas demand continues to increase,and the oil and gas system reform process has been accelerating.The four aspects of the challenges are summarized,including more complex and ever-changing geopolitics,changes in the relationship of major countriesinterest relations,changes in the supply and demand pattern of the oil and gas market,and the transformation of the global energy structure.Four cooperation proposals are proposed,including the active construction of an energy cooperation platform between the governments,the oil and gas companies should continuously innovate cooperation methods and enhance core competitiveness.The Middle East,Central Asia and Russia are still important strategic targetsfor Chinas oil and gas,and more attention should be paid to maintaining the safety of offshore oil and gas transmission.
引文
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[3]孙依敏.“一带一路”沿线油气合作进展与转变[J].国际经济合作,2017(2):42-45.SUN Yimin.Progress and transformation of oil and gas cooperation of the “Belt and Road”[J].Journal of International Economic Cooperation,2017(2):42-45.
[4]王金照.“一带一路”能源合作的思路和政策[J].国家治理,2016(26):37-48.WANG Jinzhao.Energy cooperation thoughts and policies of“Belt and Road”[J].National Governance Weekly,2016(26):37-48.
[5]常毓文,赵喆,王作乾,等.关于“一带一路”区域内油气上游合作的探讨[J].国际石油经济,2015,23(11):7-14.CHANG Yuwen,ZHAO Zhe,WANG Zuoqian,et al.The petroleum upstream cooperation in the “Belt and Road”region[J].International Petroleum Economics,2015,23(11):7-14.
[6]姜学峰,徐建山.“一带一路”油气合作环境[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2016.
[7]杨洋,董锁成,李泽红.中蒙俄经济走廊背景下中俄能源合作进展、驱动力、挑战及对策[J].资源科学,2018,40(2):237-249.YANG Yang,DONG Suocheng,LI Zehong.Progress,driving forces and challenges of Sino-Russian energy cooperation under the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor[J].Resources Science,2018,40(2):237-249.
[8]刘朝全,姜学峰.2016年国内外油气行业发展报告[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2017.
[9]陆如泉.大力推动“一带一路”油气合作[EB/OL].(2018-07-24).http:∥news.cnpc.com.cn/system/2018/07/24/001698896.shtml.
[10]曾兴球.“一带一路”能源合作机遇与挑战[EB/OL].(2018-08-27).http:∥news.cnpc.com.cn/system/2018/08/07/001700287.shtml.