双主轴铣削加工中心立柱的静动特性分析及多目标优化
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摘要
针对采用传统方法设计的立柱静、动刚度存在薄弱和不足的问题,通过建立立柱受力模型,对立柱进行静力分析、模态分析以及谐响应分析,确定立柱静动刚度薄弱的部位和方向;根据分析结果,选取8个结构尺寸为设计变量,以总变形量、前3阶频率加权平均值和质量为优化目标,建立多目标优化数学模型,通过多目标遗传算法和灵敏度分析得到优化结果。结果表明:立柱总变形量减小了5.5%,质量减少了1.2%,前3阶频率加权平均值增加了2.17%,X、Y方向峰值响应分别减小了75.5%、75.44%,达到了优化的目的。
In order to solve the problem that column designed with traditional method was weak and insufficient in static and dynamic characteristic,through the establishment of the force model of the column,static analysis,modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were carried out to determine the position and direction of weak of the column. According to the analysis results,8 structural dimensions were selected as design variables; the total deformation,the weighted average of the first three orders frequency and quality were taken as optimization objectives,a multi-objective optimization mathematical model was established,the optimization results were obtained by the multi-objective genetic algorithm and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the total deformation is reduced by 5. 5%,total mass is reduced by 1. 2%,the weighted average of the first three orders frequency is increased by 2. 17%,the peak response of X and Y direction are reduced by 75. 5% and 75. 44%,reaching optimization purposes.
In order to solve the problem that column designed with traditional method was weak and insufficient in static and dynamic characteristic,through the establishment of the force model of the column,static analysis,modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were carried out to determine the position and direction of weak of the column. According to the analysis results,8 structural dimensions were selected as design variables; the total deformation,the weighted average of the first three orders frequency and quality were taken as optimization objectives,a multi-objective optimization mathematical model was established,the optimization results were obtained by the multi-objective genetic algorithm and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the total deformation is reduced by 5. 5%,total mass is reduced by 1. 2%,the weighted average of the first three orders frequency is increased by 2. 17%,the peak response of X and Y direction are reduced by 75. 5% and 75. 44%,reaching optimization purposes.
引文
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[5]赛宗胜,何一冉,王冠雄,等.卧式加工中心立柱有限元分析及轻量化设计[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2013(2):38-41,46.SAI Z S,HE Y R,WANG G X,et al.Finite Element Analysis and Light Weight Design of the Column of Horizontal Machining Center[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2013,(2):38-41,46.
[6]周自阳,洪荣晶,袁鸿.成形铣齿机床立柱筋板结构优化设计[J].机械设计与制造,2012(11):149-151.ZHOU Z Y,HONG R J,YUAN H.The Stiffened Plate Structure Optimizing Design of the Column of Forming Milling Machine[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2012(11):149-151.
[7]王英乾,刘强,夏鸿建,等.基于遗传算法精密机床立柱的多目标优化[J].机床与液压,2014,42(21):157-160,177.WANG Y Q,LIU Q,XIA H J,et al.Multi-objective Optimization for Column of Precision Machine Tools Based on Genetic Algorithm[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2014,42(21):157-160,177.
[8]刘成颖,谭锋,王立平,等.面向机床整机动态性能的立柱结构优化设计研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(3):161-168.LIU C Y,TAN F,WANG L P,et al.Research on Optimization of Column Structure Design for Dynamic Performance of Machine Tool[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(3):161-168.
[9]马超.机床结构设计方法研究及在立柱设计中的应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2010.
[10]杨常青.基于多目标的大型加工中心结构优化设计[D].天津:天津理工大学,2013.
[11]姜衡,管贻生,邱志成,等.基于响应面法的立式加工中心动静态多目标优化[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(11):125-133.JIANG H,GUAN Y S,QIU Z C,et al.Dynamic and Static Multi-objective Optimization of a Vertical Machining Center Based on Response Surface Method[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(11):125-133.