气凝胶材料及其应用
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摘要
气凝胶是一种具有高孔隙率、高比表面积、超低密度的三维纳米多孔材料。由于具备这些独特的性质,气凝胶在保温隔热、化学催化、航空航天、储能等各个领域均具有广阔的应用前景。至今气凝胶的种类已由过去最简单的单一组分SiO_2气凝胶发展到了具有特定功能的各类新型气凝胶,其中包括过渡金属氧化物基气凝胶、生物质气凝胶、硫族化合物气凝胶、单质气凝胶等,然而目前却缺少对气凝胶系统性介绍。主要介绍了气凝胶的制备方法、分类、各项基本性能及其在各领域的应用,对近年来气凝胶在制备及应用方面所取得的突破性进展进行了综述,并对气凝胶未来的发展方向作了展望。
As a three-dimensional naonporous material with a high porosity, a great specific surface area and an ultralow density, aerogel has some application prospects in various fields like thermal insulation, chemical catalysis, aerospace and energy storage. The existing category of aerogel is developed from single-component silica aerogel to all kinds of aerogels with some specific functions(i.e., transition metal oxide based aerogels, biomass aerogel, chalcogenide aerogel and elemental aerogel as well). This review was to mainly introduce the preparation methods of aerogel, type classification, basic characteristics and applications. Recent developments on the preparation and application of aerogels were represented. In addition, the future development of aerogel was also prospected.
As a three-dimensional naonporous material with a high porosity, a great specific surface area and an ultralow density, aerogel has some application prospects in various fields like thermal insulation, chemical catalysis, aerospace and energy storage. The existing category of aerogel is developed from single-component silica aerogel to all kinds of aerogels with some specific functions(i.e., transition metal oxide based aerogels, biomass aerogel, chalcogenide aerogel and elemental aerogel as well). This review was to mainly introduce the preparation methods of aerogel, type classification, basic characteristics and applications. Recent developments on the preparation and application of aerogels were represented. In addition, the future development of aerogel was also prospected.
引文
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