中国恶性肿瘤流行情况及防控现状
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摘要
癌症是危害中国居民健康的疾病之一。其每年发病数和死亡数分别占全球的23.7%和30%。由于人口老龄化、工业化、城市化进程的加剧,生活方式的改变等原因,中国癌症的发病数和死亡数仍持续增加,癌症负担已不容忽视。癌症的发生发展是遗传和环境相互作用的结果,除年龄因素外,感染、不良生活方式等与癌症的发病密切相关。目前,国内癌症防控形势严峻,面临极大的挑战,如何实施系统的预防措施,有效降低癌症发病率和死亡率是亟待解决的问题。
Cancer is one of the main diseases that greatly endanger human health. The incidence and mortality rates of cancer in China account to 23.7% and 30%, respectively, across the globe. This figure will further rise because of aging, intensification of industrialization and urbanization, lifestyle modifications, etc. Thus, the burden of cancer cannot be ignored. Cancer is caused by hereditary and environmental factors. Besides aging, other factors, such as infections and unhealthy lifestyles are also related to cancer development. Currently, the status of cancer prevention and control is facing a tremendous challenge. There are still some burning issues to be addressed in regards to implementing prophylactic measures systematically to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of cancer effectively.
Cancer is one of the main diseases that greatly endanger human health. The incidence and mortality rates of cancer in China account to 23.7% and 30%, respectively, across the globe. This figure will further rise because of aging, intensification of industrialization and urbanization, lifestyle modifications, etc. Thus, the burden of cancer cannot be ignored. Cancer is caused by hereditary and environmental factors. Besides aging, other factors, such as infections and unhealthy lifestyles are also related to cancer development. Currently, the status of cancer prevention and control is facing a tremendous challenge. There are still some burning issues to be addressed in regards to implementing prophylactic measures systematically to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of cancer effectively.
引文
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[2]陈万青,李贺,孙可欣,等.2014年中国恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析[J].中华肿瘤杂志,2018,40(1):5-13.
[3]Chen W,Sun K,Zheng R,et al.Cancer incidence and mortality in China,2014[J].Chin J Cancer Res,2018,30(1):1-12.
[4]张思维,郑荣寿,杨之洵,等.2000-2014年中国肿瘤登记地区肺癌发病年龄变化趋势分析[J].中华预防医学杂志,2018,52(6):579-585.
[5]师金,梁迪,李道娟,等.全球女性乳腺癌流行情况研究[J].中国肿瘤,2017,26(9):683-690.
[6]Zeng H,Chen W,Zheng R,et al.Changing cancer survival in China during 2003-15:a pooled analysis of 17 population-based cancer registries[J].Lancet Glob Health,2018,6(5):e555-e567.
[7]Chen W,Zheng R,Baade PD,et al.Cancer statistics in China,2015[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2016,66(2):115-132.
[8]卫生部新闻办公室.第三次全国死因调查主要情况[J].中国肿瘤,2008,17(5):344-345.
[9]Jackaman C,Tomay F,Duong L,et al.Aging and cancer:The role of macrophages and neutrophils[J].Ageing Res Rev,2017,36(2017):105-116.
[10]郑荣寿,顾秀瑛,李雪婷,等.2000-2014年中国肿瘤登记地区癌症发病趋势及年龄变化分析[J].中华预防医学杂志,2018,52(6):593-600.
[11]Fang EF,Scheibye-Knudsen M,Jahn HJ,et al.A research agenda for aging in China in the 21st century[J].Ageing Res Rev,2015,24(Pt B):197-205.
[12]Islami F,Chen W,Yu XQ,et al.Cancer deaths and cases attributable to lifestyle factors and infections in China,2013[J].Ann Oncol,2017,28(10):2567-2574.
[13]Katzke VA,Kaaks R,Kuhn T.Lifestyle and cancer risk[J].Cancer J,2015,21(2):104-110.
[14]Buckland G,Travier N,Huerta JM,et al.Healthy lifestyle index and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in the EPIC cohort study[J].Int J Cancer,2015,137(3):598-606.
[15]陈万青.从肿瘤登记数据看中国恶性肿瘤的发病特点和趋势[J].中华健康管理学杂志,2016,10(4):249-252.
[16]Ye WM,Yi YN,Luo RX,et al.Diet and gastric cancer:a casecontrol study in Fujian Province,China[J].World J Gastroenterol,1998,4(6):516-518.
[17]Hu YJ,Chen J,Zhong WS,et al.Trend analysis of betel nut-associated oral cancer and health burden in china[J].Chin J Dent Res,2017,20(2):69-78.
[18]Grosso G,Bella F,Godos J,et al.Possible role of diet in cancer:systematic review and multiple meta-analyses of dietary patterns,lifestyle factors,and cancer risk[J].Nutr Rev,2017,75(6):405-419.
[19]冯雅靖,王宁,方利文,等.1990年与2013年中国人群结直肠癌疾病负担分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(6):768-772.
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[21]曾红梅,曹毛毛,郑荣寿,等.2000-2014年中国肿瘤登记地区肝癌发病年龄变化趋势分析[J].中华预防医学杂志,2018,52(6):573-578.
[22]Aihara H,Kumar N,Thompson CC.Diagnosis,surveillance,and treatment strategies for familial adenomatous polyposis:rationale and update[J].Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2014,26(3):255-262.
[23]Brewer HR,Jones ME,Schoemaker MJ,et al.Family history and risk of breast cancer:an analysis accounting for family structure[J].Breast Cancer Res Treat,2017,165(1):193-200.
[24]Choi YJ,Kim N.Gastric cancer and family history[J].Korean J Intern Med,2016,31(6):1042-1053.
[25]Karimi P,Islami F,Anandasabapathy S,et al.Gastric cancer:descriptive epidemiology,risk factors,screening,and prevention[J].Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2014,23(5):700-713.
[26]Ang TL,Fock KM.Clinical epidemiology of gastric cancer[J].Singapore Med J,2014,55(12):621-628.
[27]Gharibvand L,Shavlik D,Ghamsary M,et al.The association between ambient fine particulate air pollution and lung cancer incidence:results from the AHSMOG-2 study[J].Environ Health Perspect,2017,125(3):378-384.
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[29]王庆生,陈万青.癌症防治策略的探索与分析[J].中国医学前沿杂志(电子版),2016,8(7):13-16.
[30]新华社.中国疫苗走向"国际化"[EB/OL].http://www.chinacdc.cn/mtbd_8067/201604/t20160421_128931.html..
[31]国家消化系疾病临床医学研究中心,中华医学会消化内镜学分会,中华医学会健康管理学分会,等.中国早期胃癌筛查流程专家共识意见(草案,2017年,上海)[J].中华消化杂志,2018,38(2):87-92.
[32]Ahn HS,Kim HJ,Welch HG.Korea's Thyroid-Cancer"Epidemic"-Screening and Overdiagnosis[J].N Engl J Med,2014,371(19):1765-1767.
[33]Grossman DC,Curry SJ,Owens DK,et al.Screening for prostate cancer:us preventive services task force recommendation statement[J].Jama,2018,319(18):1901-1913.
[34]Wu GX,Raz DJ,Brown L,et al.Psychological burden associated with lung cancer screening:A systematic review[J].Clin Lung Cancer,2016,17(5):315-324.
[35]Hamashima C.Benefits and harms of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer[J].World J Gastroenterol,2016,22(28):6385-6392.
[36]GBD 2015 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators.Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories,1990-2015:a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study2015[J].Lancet,2017,390(10091):231-266.
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