近20年阿哈湖国家湿地公园景观格局动态演化分析
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摘要
以阿哈湖国家湿地公园为研究对象,综合运用景观生态学原理及GIS和Fragstats3.4软件等工具,分析了1998年、2007年和2017年3个时期阿哈湖国家湿地公园景观格局演变过程。研究结果表明,近20年来阿哈湖国家湿地公园景观类型组分变化显著,景观多样性与异质性增高,而景观优势度降低,整体呈现破碎化趋势。林地、湿地和建设用地的形状愈加复杂,边缘效应增强。建设用地面积持续增长,从1998年的35.60hm~2增长到2017年的116.71hm~2,土地利用年变化率达到11.98%,林地、湿地和旱地土地利用年变化率均为负值,面积均有下降。景观格局变化表现在景观水平上,斑块个数、香浓多样性与香农均匀度指数呈现持续增加的上升趋势,斑块平均面积和聚集度指数则持续下降。在类型水平上,建设用地聚集度最低,总体呈显著上升趋势,空间分布逐渐聚集,连通性增强。
Taking the Aha Lake National Wetland Park as the research object,the landscape pattern and the GIS and Fragstats3.4 software were used to analyze the landscape pattern evolution of the Aha Lake National Wetland Park from 1998 to 2017.The results show that in the past 20 years,the landscape type components of the Aha Lake National Wetland Park have changed significantly,the landscape diversity and heterogeneity have increased,while the landscape dominance has decreased,and the overall fragmentation trend has occurred;the shape of forest land,wetlands and construction land has become more and more Complex,edge effects are enhanced.The area of construction land continued to grow,from 35.60 hm~2 in 1998 to 116.71 hm~2 in 2017.The annual rate of land use change reached 11.98%.The annual change rate of land use in forest land,wetland and dry land was negative and the area decreased.The change of landscape pattern is reflected in the landscape level,NP,SHDI and SEI continued to increase,MPS and Contiguity Index continued to decline;At the level of type,the construction land has the lowest aggregation degree,showing a significant upward trend overall,and the spatial distribution gradually gathers and the connectivity increases.
Taking the Aha Lake National Wetland Park as the research object,the landscape pattern and the GIS and Fragstats3.4 software were used to analyze the landscape pattern evolution of the Aha Lake National Wetland Park from 1998 to 2017.The results show that in the past 20 years,the landscape type components of the Aha Lake National Wetland Park have changed significantly,the landscape diversity and heterogeneity have increased,while the landscape dominance has decreased,and the overall fragmentation trend has occurred;the shape of forest land,wetlands and construction land has become more and more Complex,edge effects are enhanced.The area of construction land continued to grow,from 35.60 hm~2 in 1998 to 116.71 hm~2 in 2017.The annual rate of land use change reached 11.98%.The annual change rate of land use in forest land,wetland and dry land was negative and the area decreased.The change of landscape pattern is reflected in the landscape level,NP,SHDI and SEI continued to increase,MPS and Contiguity Index continued to decline;At the level of type,the construction land has the lowest aggregation degree,showing a significant upward trend overall,and the spatial distribution gradually gathers and the connectivity increases.
引文
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[17] 高常军,周德民,栾兆擎,等.湿地景观格局演变研究评述[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(4):460-464.
[2] 王立龙,陆林,唐勇,等.中国国家级湿地公园运行现状、区域分布格局与类型划分[J].生态学报,2010,30(9):2406-2415.
[3] 赵磊,吴文智,李健,等.基于游客感知价值的生态旅游景区游客忠诚形成机制研究——以西溪国家湿地公园为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(19):1-12.
[4] 潘丽丽,王晓宇.基于主观心理视角的游客环境行为意愿影响因素研究——以西溪国家湿地公园为例[J].地理科学,2018,38(8):1337-1345.
[5] 尹晶萍.基于层次分析法的黑瞎子岛国家级湿地公园生态旅游资源评价[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(5):147-151.
[6] 左怡琳,刘展辰,张帅,等.江苏南湖国家湿地公园鸟类群落的时空变化[J].湿地科学与管理,2018,14(2):46-49.
[7] 王松,简兴,王玉良,等.安徽石龙湖国家湿地公园鸟类多样性[J].湿地科学,2017,15(6):759-765.
[8] 李兵,朱自学.淮阳龙湖国家湿地公园植物物种多样性[J].湿地科学,2017,15(3):411-415.
[9] 钟军弟,成夏岚,莫雨杏,等.雷州九龙山红树林国家湿地公园玉蕊种群动态[J].湿地科学,2018,16(2):231-237.
[10] LI Y F,LIU H Y,HAO J F.Trophic states of creeks and their relationship to changes in water level in Xixi National Wetland Park,China [J].Environ Monit Assess ,2012,184:2433–2441.
[11] 何朝凤,银正彤,郑永康.贵阳市耕地面积变化与城市化发展的协调性研究[J].农村经济与科技,2013,24(11):18-20.
[12] 白军红,欧阳华,杨志锋,等.湿地景观格局变化研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(4):36-45.
[13] 张敏,宫兆宁,赵文吉,等.近30年来白洋淀湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制.生态学报,2016,36(15):4780-4791.
[14] 万荣荣,杨桂山.太湖流域土地利用与景观格局演变研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(3):475-480.
[15] 乔伟峰,盛业华,方斌,等.基于转移矩阵的高度城市化区域土地利用演变信息挖掘——以江苏省苏州市为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(8):1497-1507.
[16] 郭程轩,甄坚伟.土地利用变化动态模型的比较分析与评价[J].国土资源科技管理,2003,20(5):22-26.
[17] 高常军,周德民,栾兆擎,等.湿地景观格局演变研究评述[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(4):460-464.