钒钛磁铁矿综合利用现状及进展
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摘要
钒钛磁铁矿是一种典型的金属共伴生铁矿资源,具有极高的综合利用价值。我国对钒钛磁铁矿精矿主要以高炉转炉冶炼为主,该技术生产规模大,技术成熟,但钒钛资源回收利用率较低,环境污染较大且运行成本较高;还原-磨选法工艺难以控制,铁和钒钛分离不完全,应用困难较大;还原-熔分工艺可以实现有价组元的高效分离,是综合利用钒钛磁铁矿最有前途的技术。对于攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿精矿,为获得TiO2含量大于55%以上可利用级别的熔分钛渣,开展了还原-熔分工艺的工业应用。精矿原料深度除杂和气基还原可促进钒钛磁铁矿精矿中钛资源的利用。
Vanadium titano-magnetite is a typical metal-associated iron ore resource with comprehensive utilization value.Smelting vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate in China mainly adopted blast furnace-converter process,which has advantages of large-scale production and reliable technology.However,the recycling rate of vanadium and titanium was low,environmental pollution was large and the operating cost was high.Moreover,it was difficult to control the reduction-grinding process,and the separation of iron from vanadium and titanium was not complete,so the application of this technology was difficult.But the reduction-melting process could realize the goal of the efficient separation of valuable components,and it was the most promising technology for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate.For Panzhihua vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate,in order to obtain the titanium slag with TiO2 content greater than 55% of available grade,the reduction-melting process was applied.The complete impurity removal of concentrate material and gas-based reduction could promote the utilization of titanium resources in vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate.
Vanadium titano-magnetite is a typical metal-associated iron ore resource with comprehensive utilization value.Smelting vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate in China mainly adopted blast furnace-converter process,which has advantages of large-scale production and reliable technology.However,the recycling rate of vanadium and titanium was low,environmental pollution was large and the operating cost was high.Moreover,it was difficult to control the reduction-grinding process,and the separation of iron from vanadium and titanium was not complete,so the application of this technology was difficult.But the reduction-melting process could realize the goal of the efficient separation of valuable components,and it was the most promising technology for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate.For Panzhihua vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate,in order to obtain the titanium slag with TiO2 content greater than 55% of available grade,the reduction-melting process was applied.The complete impurity removal of concentrate material and gas-based reduction could promote the utilization of titanium resources in vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate.
引文
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[10]高运明,李慈颖,李亚伟,等.高炉钛渣碳氮化实验研究[J].安徽工业大学学报(自然科学版),2008(1):1-4.
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[21]汪云华,彭金辉,杨卜,等.钒钛磁铁矿制备还原铁粉的碳还原过程的实验研究[J].南方金属,2005(5):26-27+30.
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[23]Wang M Y,Zhou S F,Wang X W,et al.Recovery of Iron from Chromium Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite Concentrate by Direct Reduction[J].JOM,2016,68(10):2698-2703.
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[25]Geng C,Sun T,Yang H,et al.Effect of Na2SO4on the Embedding Direct Reduction of Beach Titanomagnetite and the Separation of Titanium and Iron by Magnetic Separation[J].ISIJ International,2015,55(12):2543-2549.
[26]储满生,唐珏,柳政根,等.高铬型钒钛磁铁矿综合利用现状及进展[J].钢铁研究学报,2017,29(5):335-344.
[27]刘淑清.南非海威尔德钢钒公司[J].钢铁钒钛,2000(3):43.
[28]廖世明,柏谈论.国外钒冶金[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1985.
[29]Moskalyk R R,Alfantazi A M.Processing of vanadium:a review[J].Minerals Engineering,2003,16(9):793-805.
[30]Hukkanen E,Walden H.The production of vanadium and steel from titanomagnetites[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1985,15(1-2):89-102.
[31]陈旻.我国炼钢机械工艺的优缺点及发展方向[J].山东工业技术,2018(17):32.
[32]Sun H Y,Wang J S,Dong X J,et al.A Literature Review of Titanium Slag Metallurgical Processes[J].Metalurgia International,2012,17(7):49-56.
[33]Lin X L,Peng Z W,Yan J X,et al.Pyrometallurgical recycling of electric arc furnace dust[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,(149):1079-1100.
[34]庞文杰,曾子高,刘卫平,等.国外电弧炉烟尘处理技术现状及发展[J].矿冶工程,2004(4):41-43+46.
[35]郭汉杰,孙贯永.非焦煤炼铁工艺及装备的未来(2)-气基直接还原炼铁工艺及装备的前景研究(上)[J].冶金设备,2015(3):1-13.
[36]王兴兵.短流程铸造工艺改进节能效果的探讨[J].山西冶金,2014,37(2):94-95.
[37]Steinberg W S,Geyser W,Nell J.The history and development of the pyrometallurgical processes at Evraz Highveld Steel&Vanadium[J].Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2011,111(10):705-710.
[38]周传典.钒钛铁矿冶炼试验研究[J].鞍钢技术,2004(2):1-3.
[39]朱德庆,姜涛,郭宇峰,等.钒钛磁铁精矿铁钒钛综合利用新流程[J].矿产综合利用,1999(2):17-21.
[40]高建军,洪陆阔,张俊,等.钒钛磁铁矿全氧熔池熔炼试验研究[J].钢铁钒钛,2018,39(2):8-13.
[41]徐义新.攀枝花钒钛金属化球团熔化分离工艺的探讨[J].钢铁技术,2000(4):8-12.
[42]郭新春.钒钛磁铁矿的利用现状及其使用价值[J].攀枝花科技,1996(2):14-18.
[43]高文星,董凌燕,陈登福,等.煤基直接还原及转底炉工艺的发展现状[J].矿冶,2008(2):68-73.
[44]Wei R,Lun Z,Lv X,et al.Improvement of the Energy Utilization Efficiency of the V-Ti-Magnetite Reduction Process with Rotary Hearth Furnace[J].Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy,2015,51(1):1-6.
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