基于CAF相参积累的多载波信号时频差估计算法
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摘要
多载波信号具有丰富的频域信息,相参积累能够拓宽信号的有效带宽,克服单载波信号带宽窄导致时差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)、频差(frequency difference of arrival,FDOA)参数估计精度不高的问题。以多载波信号的检测定位为背景,研究了基于多个载波信号互模糊函数(cross ambiguity function,CAF)相参积累的TDOA/FDOA参数估计算法,为多载波信号的无源定位提供高精度的定位参数估计方法。基于接收信号模型,推导了多载波信号的互模糊函数,从TDOA/FDOA两个维度分析了不同载波信号CAF的相位关系,通过相位补偿实现了多载波信号CAF的相参积累,并从理论上分析了TDOA/FDOA参数估计的性能改善情况。蒙特卡罗仿真表明,提出的多载波信号相参积累TDOA/FDOA估计算法性能明显优于单载波信号的估计性能,性能改善情况与理论分析一致。
Multi-carrier signals have broad distribution in frequency domain,so the problem of low estimation accuracy for time difference of arrival(TDOA)and frequency difference of arrival(FDOA)of single carrier signal can be overcome through coherent integration to improve the efficient bandwidth.Focusing on the problem of multi-carrier signals detection and localization,the TDOA/FDOA estimation algorithm based on multi-carrier signals cross ambiguity function(CAF)coherent integration is researched,and a high accuracy location parameters estimation method for multi-carrier signals passive location is provided.Based on the received signal model,the CAF of each multi-carrier signal is deduced,and the phase relationship of each CAF is analyzed through TDOA and FDOA dimensions.Coherent integration is realized by phase compensation and the performance improvements of TDOA/FDOA estimation are analyzed in theory.Monte Carlo simulations validate that the accuracy of the proposed TDOA/FDOA estimation algorithm based on multi-carrier signals coherent integration exceeds that of the single carrier signal obviously,and the performance improvements are the same as the theory analysis.
Multi-carrier signals have broad distribution in frequency domain,so the problem of low estimation accuracy for time difference of arrival(TDOA)and frequency difference of arrival(FDOA)of single carrier signal can be overcome through coherent integration to improve the efficient bandwidth.Focusing on the problem of multi-carrier signals detection and localization,the TDOA/FDOA estimation algorithm based on multi-carrier signals cross ambiguity function(CAF)coherent integration is researched,and a high accuracy location parameters estimation method for multi-carrier signals passive location is provided.Based on the received signal model,the CAF of each multi-carrier signal is deduced,and the phase relationship of each CAF is analyzed through TDOA and FDOA dimensions.Coherent integration is realized by phase compensation and the performance improvements of TDOA/FDOA estimation are analyzed in theory.Monte Carlo simulations validate that the accuracy of the proposed TDOA/FDOA estimation algorithm based on multi-carrier signals coherent integration exceeds that of the single carrier signal obviously,and the performance improvements are the same as the theory analysis.
引文
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[2]魏红鑫,王燕敏,李云洲,等.密集小区多载波系统中基于业务排队的能效优化[J].清华大学学报,2017,57(8):867-871.WEI H X,WANG Y M,LI Y Z,et al.Queue-aware energy savings in multi-carrier small-cell networks[J].Journal of Tsinghua University,2017,57(8):867-871.
[3]ZHANG Y M,LI X,MOENESS G A.Array processing for RFID tag localization exploiting multi-frequency signals[C]∥Proc.of the Wireless Sensing and Processing,2009:1-11.
[4]GABER A,OMAR A.Utilization of multiple-antenna multicarrier systems and NLOS mitigation for accurate wireless indoor positioning[J].IEEE Trans.on Wireless Communications,2016,15(10):6570-6584.
[5]贺磊南,卢虎,姬正洲.采用多载波相位测距的Wi-Fi精密定位方法[J].西安交通大学学报,2017,51(8):65-71.HE L N,LU H,JI Z Z.A precise positioning method of Wi-Fi using multi-carrier phase ranging[J].Jouranl of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2017,51(8):65-71.
[6]GRIFFITHS H D,BAKER C J.Passive coherent location radar system-part I:performance prediction[J].IEE Radar,Sonar and Navigation,2005,152(3):153-159.
[7]CHEUNG K W,SO H C,MA W K,et al.A constrained least squares approach to mobile positioning:algorithms and optimality[J].EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing,2006,2006:1-23.
[8]TORRIERI D J.Statistical theory of passive location system[J].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1984,20(2):183-197.
[9]LIU N,XU Z,SADLER B M.Ziv-Zakai time-delay estimation bounds for frequency-hopping waveforms under frequency-selective fading[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,2010,58(12):6400-6406.
[10]YANG L,HO K C.An approximately efficient TDOA localization algorithm in closed-form for locating multiple disjoint sources with erroneous sensor positions[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,2009,57(12):4598-4615.
[11]KIM Y H,KIM D G,KIM H N.Two-step estimator for movingemitter geolocation using time difference of arrival/frequencydifference of arrival measurements[J].IET Radar,Sonar and Navigation,2015,9(7):881-887.
[12]WEN F,WAN Q.Maximum likelihood and signal-selective TDOA estimation for noncircular signals[J].Journal of Communications and Networks,2013,15(3):245-251.
[13]WEN F,WAN Q,LUO L Y.Time-difference-of-arrival estimation for noncircular signals using information theory[J].International Journal of Electronics and Communications,2013,67(3):242-245.
[14]ZHOU L J,ZHU W Q,LUO J Q,et al.Direct positioning maximum likelihood estimator using TDOA and FDOA for coherent short-pulse radar[J].IET Radar,Sonar and Navigation,2017,11(10):1505-1511.
[15]QU X M.Iterative constrained weighted least squares source localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements[J].IEEETrans.on Signal Processing,2017,65(15):3990-4003.
[16]AHMADREZA J,THEODOROS M,LUCA P,et al.UWBinterferometry TDOA estimation for 60-GHz OFDM communication systems[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2017,15:1438-1441.
[17]CAO H,CHAN Y T,SO H C.Maximum likelihood TDOAestimation from compressed sensing samples without reconstruction[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2017,24(5):564-568.
[18]STEIN S.Algorithms for ambiguity function processing[J].IEEE Trans.on acoustics,speech and signal processing,1981,29(3):588-599.
[19]MENDI U M D,SARKAR B K.Passive radar using multiple GSM transmitting stations[C]∥Proc.of the International Radar Symposium,2006:1-4.
[20]TASDELEN A S,KOYMEN H.Range resolution improvement in passive coherent location radar systems using multiple FM radio channels[C]∥Proc.of the Institution of Engineering and Technology Forum on Waveform Diversity and Design in Communications,Radar and Sonar,2006:23-31.
[21]BONGIOANNI C,COLONE F,LOMBARDO P.Performance analysis of a multi-frequency FM based passive bistatic radar[C]∥Proc.of the IEEE Radar Conference,2008:1-6.
[22]李军,刘红明,何子述,等.一种多频外辐射源雷达信号相参处理方法[J].电子学报,2011,39(12):2890-2894.LI J,LIU H M,HE Z S,et al.Coherent processing technique of passive radar based on multi-frequency signal[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2011,39(12):2890-2894.
[23]RICHARD K M,VELOTTA J S,RAQUET J F.Bandwidth efficient cooperative TDOA computation for multicarrier signals of opportunity[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,2009,57(6):2311-2322.
[24]HU D X,HUANG Z,LIANG K Q.Coherent TDOA/FDOAestimation method for frequency-hopping signal[C]∥Proc.of the 8th International Conference on Wireless Communications&Signal Processing,2016.
[25]欧阳鑫信.跳频信号时差估计与直接定位方法研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2017.OUYANG X X.Reseach on time difference of arrival estimation and direct position determination for frequency-hopping signals[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2017.
[26]OUYANG X X,WAN Q,XIONG J Y,et al.Cramer-rao bound of TDOA estimation for frequency-hopping signals in fading channels[C]∥Proc.of the IEEE China Summit and International Conference on Signal and Information Processing,2015:1032-1036.