国外对海底电缆管道违法行为处罚对我国的启示——以新西兰和澳大利亚为例
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摘要
近年来,随着海洋油气资源的大规模开发以及跨海电力和通信需求的增加,我国海底电缆管道建设得到迅速发展,近海海底电缆管道分布愈来愈密集,同时与之相关的违法行为也日益增多。目前,我国尚未出台海底电缆管道保护法,现有的处罚规定较为分散、模糊,且处罚力度小,甚至处罚规定之间存在混乱和矛盾的问题,导致难以对海底电缆管道违法行为实施有效打击。澳大利亚和新西兰作为海洋管理经验相对成熟的国家,对海底电缆管道的法律保护较为成熟,其中对海底电缆管道违法行为的处罚分类和方式等,有诸多值得我国学习之处。基于此,文章从违法行为处罚角度深入分析我国海底电缆管道管理与保护的相关制度现状,介绍新西兰和澳大利亚海底电缆管道法律制度概况及处罚规定的特点并与我国进行比较,为完善我国海底电缆管道违法行为的处罚规定和今后的海底电缆管道立法提出了在《中华人民共和国刑法》中增设破坏海底电缆管道罪;制定《海底电缆管道法》等建议。
For the past few years,the construction of submarine cables and pipelines has been in high-speed development with the large-scale exploration of offshore hydrocarbon resource and increasing demand of cross-sea electric power transmission and telecommunication.The distribution of offshore submarine cables and pipelines has been increasingly dense,meanwhile the illegal acts towards them are in a rising number.At present,the law to protect submarine cable and pipelines specifically hasn't been enacted,other related regulations are disperse,ambiguous and have the weak intensity of punishment,even some regulations are contradicted with each other,so that the submarine cable pipelines can't be protected efficiently.Being the countries with relatively mature experiences in ocean management,Australia and New Zealand have complete laws to protect submarine cable and pipelines,including category of illegal acts and means of punishment,which are worth learning by China.Based on it,the paper analyzed the status quo of submarine cable pipeline protection in china and introduced the related laws in New Zealand and Australia and comparison with those in China.Furthermore,to complete the related laws in China,proposals in this fields were put forward,such as criminating such illegal acts in criminal law and enacting the Submarine Cable Pipeline Law.
For the past few years,the construction of submarine cables and pipelines has been in high-speed development with the large-scale exploration of offshore hydrocarbon resource and increasing demand of cross-sea electric power transmission and telecommunication.The distribution of offshore submarine cables and pipelines has been increasingly dense,meanwhile the illegal acts towards them are in a rising number.At present,the law to protect submarine cable and pipelines specifically hasn't been enacted,other related regulations are disperse,ambiguous and have the weak intensity of punishment,even some regulations are contradicted with each other,so that the submarine cable pipelines can't be protected efficiently.Being the countries with relatively mature experiences in ocean management,Australia and New Zealand have complete laws to protect submarine cable and pipelines,including category of illegal acts and means of punishment,which are worth learning by China.Based on it,the paper analyzed the status quo of submarine cable pipeline protection in china and introduced the related laws in New Zealand and Australia and comparison with those in China.Furthermore,to complete the related laws in China,proposals in this fields were put forward,such as criminating such illegal acts in criminal law and enacting the Submarine Cable Pipeline Law.
引文
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[2]詹燕民.海底电缆管道管理及预警系统研究与应用[J].工程勘察,2015(8):68-73.
[3]蒋俊杰.琼州海峡海底电缆铺设可行性研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[4]李彦平,刘大海.基于海域空间资源配置的海底电缆管理与保护研究[J].广东海洋大学学报,2017(5):56-60.
[5]张明慧,林勇,张宪文,等.我国海底电缆管道管理问题分析与对策建议[J].海洋开发与管理,2015,32(10).
[6]张震,唐伟,段康泓,等.海洋石油天然气管道保护条例立法问题探究[J].海洋开发与管理.2015,32(9):40-44.
[7]王赞.破坏海底电缆管道罪国内法化研究[J].学术论坛,2013(1):111-115.
[8]张文显.法理学第四版[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011:142-150.
[9]王欢林,秦博,张平朗.500kV海底电缆工程造价结构及投资水平分析[J].中国电业,2014(10):118.
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