白马雪山自然保护区北段冬春季节人为活动变化研究
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摘要
人为活动对保护区造成的干扰会影响到保护区生物多样性及其栖息地。为制定更为有效的保护区管理策略以减小人为活动对保护区的影响,研究使用相机陷阱调查技术,系统调查了白马雪山国家级自然保护区北段冬春季节人为活动情况,并引入"相对多度指数"(RAI)评估各区域人为活动的相对强度,探讨人为活动的时空变化。结果表明,白马雪山保护区北段冬春季节的人为活动集中于叶日、雪山垭口片区,且主要发生在春季的4月、5月份,这与保护区的气候条件以及保护区可获得资源的季节性有关。基于研究提出了相应的保护区管理建议。
The disturbance caused by anthropogenic activities will affect the biodiversity and their habitats of protected areas. In order to develop a more effective management strategy for protected areas,and to reduce the impact of anthropogenic activities on protected areas,the paper took camera trap investigation techniques to systematically investigate the human activities in the northern part of the Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve,and also introduced"( R & D) to assess the relative intensity of human activities in each region,and to explore the temporal and spatial changes of human activities. The results showed that human activity was more insensitive at the sub areas of Ye-Ri and Baima-Yakou from Apr. to May,2016,which related to the climatic conditions of protected areas and the availability of resources for protected areas. Based on the research,the corresponding management of protected areas was put forward.
The disturbance caused by anthropogenic activities will affect the biodiversity and their habitats of protected areas. In order to develop a more effective management strategy for protected areas,and to reduce the impact of anthropogenic activities on protected areas,the paper took camera trap investigation techniques to systematically investigate the human activities in the northern part of the Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve,and also introduced"( R & D) to assess the relative intensity of human activities in each region,and to explore the temporal and spatial changes of human activities. The results showed that human activity was more insensitive at the sub areas of Ye-Ri and Baima-Yakou from Apr. to May,2016,which related to the climatic conditions of protected areas and the availability of resources for protected areas. Based on the research,the corresponding management of protected areas was put forward.
引文
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[17]赵卫东,孙庆蕾,陈永春,等.基于红外相机技术的白马雪山自然保护区野生动物监测研究[J].林业调查规划,2016,41(3):42-44.
[18]阿青,格玛江初,陈永春,等.白马雪山自然保护区德钦分局辖区鸟类多样性及保护管理对策[J].林业调查规划,2006,31(5):85-88.
[19]李勤,邬建国,寇晓军,等.相机陷阱在野生动物种群生态学中的应用[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):947-955.
[20]李晟,张晓峰,陈鹏,等.秦岭南坡森林有蹄类群落组成与垂直分布特征[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(5):633-643
[21]百度百科.德钦.Available:http://baike.baidu.com(Accessed Feb.2017).
[22]李宏伟.白马雪山国家级自然保护区[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,2003:31-47.
[23]赵琪,康平德,戚淑威,等.羊肚菌资源现状及可持续利用对策[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(1):266-269.
[2]郭静源.我国自然保护区面积达国土面积的14.83%,超世界平均水平[BE/OL].Available:http://finance.china.com.cn(Accessed Feb.2017).
[3]BRUNER A G,GULLISON R E,RICE R E,et al.Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity[J].Science,2001,291:125-128
[4]BALMFORD A,GREEN J M,AUDERSON M,et al.Walk on the wild side;estimating the global magnitude of visits to protected areas[J].Plo S Biology,2015,13.
[5]PERSONS A W,BLAND C,FORRESTER T.The ecological impact of humans and dogs on wildlife in protected areas in eastern North America[J].Biological Conservation,2016,203:75-88.
[6]赵明,樊晓亮,关立军.浅谈人为干扰对雾灵山保护区生态影响及解决措施.河北林业科技,2003,6(3):26-27.
[7]HERNANDEZ L,LAUNDRE J W.Foraging in the“landscape of fear”and its implications for habitat use and diet quality of elk Cervus elaphus and bison Bison bison[J].Wildlife Biology,2005,11(3):215-220.
[8]THEOBALD D M,MILLER J R&HOBBS N T.Estimating the cumulative effects of development on wildlife habitat[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1997,39:25-36.
[9]LIU J G,LINDERMAN M,OUYANG Z Y,et al.Ecological degradation in protected areas:the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas[J].Science,2001,292:98-101.
[10]FENG T T,MANEN F T,ZHAO N X,et al.Habitat assessment for Giant Pandas in the Qinling Mountain region of China.The journal of Wildlife Management,2008,73(6):852-858.
[11]MAEC R D,WALLER J S.Grizzly bear distribution and human conflicts in Jewel Basin Hiking Area,Swan Mountains,Montana[J].Wildlife society bulletin,1996,24(3):461-467.
[12]FRID A and DILL l.Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk[J].Conservation ecology,2002,6:11.
[13]BEALE C M.The behavioral ecology of disturbance responses[J].International Journal of Comparative Psychology,2007,20(2):111-120.
[14]BEALE C M and MONAGHAN P.Human disturbance:people as predation-free predators?[J].Journal of applied ecology,2004,41:335-343.
[15]WOODROFFE R.Predators and people:using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores[J].Animal Conservation,2000,3(2):165-173.
[16]PETTIGREW M,XIE Y,KANG A et al.Humancarnivore conflict in China:a review of current approaches with recommendations for improved management[J].Integrative Zoology,2012,7(2):201-226.
[17]赵卫东,孙庆蕾,陈永春,等.基于红外相机技术的白马雪山自然保护区野生动物监测研究[J].林业调查规划,2016,41(3):42-44.
[18]阿青,格玛江初,陈永春,等.白马雪山自然保护区德钦分局辖区鸟类多样性及保护管理对策[J].林业调查规划,2006,31(5):85-88.
[19]李勤,邬建国,寇晓军,等.相机陷阱在野生动物种群生态学中的应用[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):947-955.
[20]李晟,张晓峰,陈鹏,等.秦岭南坡森林有蹄类群落组成与垂直分布特征[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(5):633-643
[21]百度百科.德钦.Available:http://baike.baidu.com(Accessed Feb.2017).
[22]李宏伟.白马雪山国家级自然保护区[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,2003:31-47.
[23]赵琪,康平德,戚淑威,等.羊肚菌资源现状及可持续利用对策[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(1):266-269.