洱海典型灌区小流域土地利用类型对流域产流产沙及非点源氮磷流失影响规律模拟
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摘要
以洱海的洱源典型小流域为研究区,基于SWAT模型,模拟了2001-2014年不同土地利用条件下灌区产流、产沙及非点源氮磷的流失规律。结果表明,不同土地利用类型的总径流产流能力由强到弱依次为林草地、水田、旱地。不同土地利用类型产沙量、总氮、总磷排放总量及单位面积排放量均呈现出旱地>水田>林草地的规律。由此可知,旱地和水田的氮、磷排放是灌区农业非点源氮、磷污染的主要来源。因此,选择合理的农田管理措施,有效控制旱地、水田的氮、磷排放是防控灌区农业非点源氮、磷污染的关键。
The Eryuan watershed of Erhai District is chosen as the research area,the law of runoff and sediments and non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus discharges under different land-use types during 2001 to 2014 are simulated based on SWAT model.Results of simulation indicate that the order of total runoff yield of different land-use types is grassland,paddy fields,dry land.The orders of sediment,nitrogen and phosphorus from different land-use type for total yield as well as the per unit area yield are the same,grassland> paddy fields>dry land.It can be seen that nitrogen and phosphorus discharges from paddy fields and dry land are the main sources of agricultural non-point pollution of the irrigation area.Therefore,reasonable field management measures which can decrease the discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus of paddy fields and dry land are the key to agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control.
The Eryuan watershed of Erhai District is chosen as the research area,the law of runoff and sediments and non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus discharges under different land-use types during 2001 to 2014 are simulated based on SWAT model.Results of simulation indicate that the order of total runoff yield of different land-use types is grassland,paddy fields,dry land.The orders of sediment,nitrogen and phosphorus from different land-use type for total yield as well as the per unit area yield are the same,grassland> paddy fields>dry land.It can be seen that nitrogen and phosphorus discharges from paddy fields and dry land are the main sources of agricultural non-point pollution of the irrigation area.Therefore,reasonable field management measures which can decrease the discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus of paddy fields and dry land are the key to agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control.
引文
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[27]赵海超,王圣瑞,焦立新,等.2010年洱海全湖氮负荷时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2013,(4):389-395.
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[29]李颖,王康,周祖昊.基于SWAT模型的东北水稻灌区水文及面源污染过程模拟[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):42-53.
[30]孔莉莉,张展羽,朱磊.水文过程中灌区农田非点源氮的归趋研究进展[J].水科学进展,2010,6(21):853-860.
[31]赵春红,高建恩,邵辉,等.不同土地利用方式坡面产流输沙过程模拟研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2013,2(42):38-46.
[2]唐佳,李德品,姜旭.洱海北部典型小流域农业氮磷流失特征的初步研究[J].大理学院院报,2014,(6):60-63.
[3]郝芳华,程红光,杨胜天.非点源污染模型理论方法与应用[M].北京,中国环境科学出版社,2006.
[4]王晓明,乔飞.雷坤,等.SWAT模型在我国的研究和应用进展[J].中国农村水利水电,2015,(5):109-113.
[5]Tanoh Jean-Jacques,Jean Patrice Jourda.Assessment of Sediment and Pollutants in Buyo Lake,Ivory Coast,Using SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)Model[J].Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2013,(7):1 054-1 059.
[6]Farida Dechmi,Javier Burguete,Ahmed Skhiri.SWAT application in intensive irrigation systems:model modification,calibration and validation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,470-471(12):227-238.
[7]Lam Q D,Schmalz B,Fohrer N.Modeling point and diffuse source pollution of nitrate in a rural lowland catchment using the SWAT model[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(2):317-325.
[8]Mi Seon Lee,GeunAe Park,Min Ji Park,et al.Evaluation of nonpoint source pollution reduction by applying Best Management Practices using a SWAT model and QuickBird high resolution satellite imagery[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(6):826-833.
[9]Panagopoulos Y,Markropoulos C,Baltas E,et al.SWAT parameterization for the identification of critical diffuse pollution source areas under data limitations[J].Ecological Modeling,2011,222(19):3 500-3 512.
[10]代俊峰,崔远来.基于SWAT的灌区分布式水文模型-模型应用[J].水利学报,2009,40(3):311-318.
[11]代俊峰,崔远来.基于SWAT的灌区分布式水文模型构建的原理与方法[J].水利学报,2009,40(2):145-152.
[12]陈曼雨,崔远来,郑世宗,等.基于SWAT模型的农业面源污染尺度效应研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016,(9):187-191,196.
[13]宋林旭,刘德富,肖尚斌,等.基于SWAT模型的三峡库区香溪河非点源氮磷负荷模拟[J]环境科学学报,2013,1(33):267-275.
[14]刘博,徐宗学.基于SWAT模型的北京沙河水库流域非点源污染模拟[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(5):52-61.
[15]童晓霞,崔远来,赵树君,张平仓.基于改进的SWAT模型农业面源污染变化规律数值模拟-以赣抚平原灌区芳溪湖小流域为例[J].长江科学院院报,2015,3(32):89-94.
[16]李硕,赖正清,王桥,等.基于SWAT模型的平原河网区水文过程分布式模拟[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):106-112.
[17]郝芳华,陈利群,刘昌明,等.土地利用变化对产流和产沙的影响分析[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):5-8.
[18]Huang J,Li Q,Huang L,et al.Watershed-scale evaluation for land-based nonpoint source nutrients management in the Bohai Sea Bay,China.Ocean Coast[J].Manag,2013,71:314-325.
[19]Bu H,Meng W,Zhang Y,et al.Relationships between land use patterns and water quality in the Taizi River basin,China[J].Ecol.Indic.,2014,41:187-197.
[20]Ye Y,He X,Chen W,et al.Seasonal water quality upstream of Da huo fang Reservoir,China-the effects of land use type at various spatial scales[J].CLEAN-Soil Air Water,2014,42:1 423-1432.
[21]Ahearn Dylan S,Sheibley Richard W,Dahlgren Randy A,et al.Land use and land cover influence on water quality in the last freeflowing river draining the western Sierra Nevada,California[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,313(3):234-247.
[22]Lee Sang-Woo,Hwang Soon-Jin,Lee Sae-Bom,et al.Landscape ecological approach to the relationships of land use patterns in watersheds to water quality characteristics[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2009,92(2):80-89.
[23]李曼曼,韩会玲,刘晓英,等.SWAT模型最佳子流域划分方案研究---以云南洱海流域为例[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(2):185-189.
[24]唐海峰,杨昆.基于GIS与SWAT的洱海流域农业非点源污染模拟研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(11):6 747-6 750.
[25]翟碉,尚晓,沈剑,等.SWAT模型在洱海流域面源污染评价中的应用[J].环境科学研究,2012,6(25):666-671.
[26]彭彬,杨昆,李建基,等.SWAT和GIS的洱海流域土地利用变化对径流影响的研究[J].长江科学院院报,2015,4(32):7-17.
[27]赵海超,王圣瑞,焦立新,等.2010年洱海全湖氮负荷时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2013,(4):389-395.
[28]王建鹏,崔远来.水稻灌区水量转化模型及其模拟效率分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):22-28.
[29]李颖,王康,周祖昊.基于SWAT模型的东北水稻灌区水文及面源污染过程模拟[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):42-53.
[30]孔莉莉,张展羽,朱磊.水文过程中灌区农田非点源氮的归趋研究进展[J].水科学进展,2010,6(21):853-860.
[31]赵春红,高建恩,邵辉,等.不同土地利用方式坡面产流输沙过程模拟研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2013,2(42):38-46.