蔗糖对不同基因型马铃薯试管苗生长和长期保存的影响
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摘要
研究不同蔗糖浓度对四个基因型马铃薯试管苗生长和长期保存的影响,为培育马铃薯健壮试管苗和长期保存马铃薯种质资源提供理论依据。以‘大西洋’、‘夏波蒂’、‘克新一号’和‘费乌瑞它’四个不同基因型马铃薯脱毒试管苗为试验材料,测定在不同蔗糖浓度下及经长期保存后恢复生长的马铃薯试管苗相关生理指标。结果表明:随着蔗糖处理浓度的增加,四个基因型马铃薯株高、有效节位数及腋芽萌发率均出现先增加后降低的生长趋势,当蔗糖浓度达到3%～4%时,除‘克新一号’外其余三个基因型均达到了最大值,6%的蔗糖浓度对‘大西洋’、‘夏波蒂’和‘费乌瑞它’的生长有明显的抑制作用;3%～6%的蔗糖浓度均能有效促进‘克新一号’的正常生长,8%的蔗糖浓度对其生长有显著的抑制作用;同时随着蔗糖浓度的增加均能有效延长四个基因型马铃薯试管苗的保存时间,当蔗糖浓度达到10%时,经保存一年均能达到90%以上的存活率,随着保存时间的延长其存活率又会有所下降。因此,3%的蔗糖浓度适合于‘大西洋’、‘夏波蒂’和‘费乌瑞它’基础苗扩繁,4%的蔗糖可作为三个基因型的壮苗培养基;4%的蔗糖浓度可同时作为‘克新一号’的扩繁和下地培养基;10%的蔗糖浓度可将四个基因型马铃薯脱毒试管苗的保存时间延长至1年,存活率均可达到90%以上,且长期保存后对试管苗继代生长无影响。本研究通过系统研究蔗糖对马铃薯试管苗生长和长期保存的影响,既有助于降低马铃薯试管苗工厂化生产成本,同时还可规避传统保存法造成的耗时耗工、种质资源易丢失等弊端,降低以植物生长抑制剂保存马铃薯种质造成的成活率低、变异率高等不安全因素。
The effects of dif ferent sucrose concentrations on the growth and long-term preservation of four genotypes of potato in vitro seedlings were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for cultivating robust potato in vitro seedlings and long-term preservation of potato germplasm resources. Using potato virus free plantlets with four different genotypes as the materials, including 'Atlantic', 'Shepody', 'exin No.1' and 'Favorita', to determine the physiological indexes of potato plantlets restored to growth after long-term preservation under different sucrose concentrations. The results showed that with the increase of sucrose concentration, the plant height, effective node number and axillary bud germination rate of the four genotypes potatoes all increased first and then decreased.When the sucrose concentration reached 3%～4%, the other three genotypes except 'Kexin No.1' had the maximum.When the sucrose concentration reached 6%, it inhibited the growth of 'Atlantic', 'Shepody' and 'Favorita'. 3%～6%sucrose concentration could effectively promote the normal growth of 'Kexin No.1', while 8% sucrose concentration could significantly inhibit its growth. At the same time, with the increase of sucrose concentration, the preservation time of potato plantlets with four genotypes could be effectively prolonged. When sucrose concentration reached 10, the survival rate of potato plantlets could reach more than 90% after one year preservation.With the prolongation of the preservation time, the survival rate would decrease. Therefore, 3% sucrose was suitable for the 'Atlantic', 'Shepody' and 'Favorita' to propagate basic seedling, while the 4% sucrose could be used as the strengthening shoot medium for three genotypes. In addition, 4% sucrose concentration could be used as the propagation and ground culture medium for 'Kexin No.1'. 10% sucrose concentration could prolong the preservation time of four genotypes of virus-free potato plantlets to one year, and the survival rate could reach more than 90%. Long-term preservation had no effect on the subculture growth of the plantlets. This study systematically studied the effects of sucrose on the growth and long-term preservation of potato test-tube seedlings,which not only helped to reduce the production cost of potato test-tube seedlings, but also avoided the shortcomings of traditional preservation methods, such as time-consuming, labor-consuming, easy loss of germplasm resources and so on, and reduced the result of preservation of potato germplasm with plant growth inhibitors, low survival rate, high mutation rate, and unsafe factors.
The effects of dif ferent sucrose concentrations on the growth and long-term preservation of four genotypes of potato in vitro seedlings were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for cultivating robust potato in vitro seedlings and long-term preservation of potato germplasm resources. Using potato virus free plantlets with four different genotypes as the materials, including 'Atlantic', 'Shepody', 'exin No.1' and 'Favorita', to determine the physiological indexes of potato plantlets restored to growth after long-term preservation under different sucrose concentrations. The results showed that with the increase of sucrose concentration, the plant height, effective node number and axillary bud germination rate of the four genotypes potatoes all increased first and then decreased.When the sucrose concentration reached 3%～4%, the other three genotypes except 'Kexin No.1' had the maximum.When the sucrose concentration reached 6%, it inhibited the growth of 'Atlantic', 'Shepody' and 'Favorita'. 3%～6%sucrose concentration could effectively promote the normal growth of 'Kexin No.1', while 8% sucrose concentration could significantly inhibit its growth. At the same time, with the increase of sucrose concentration, the preservation time of potato plantlets with four genotypes could be effectively prolonged. When sucrose concentration reached 10, the survival rate of potato plantlets could reach more than 90% after one year preservation.With the prolongation of the preservation time, the survival rate would decrease. Therefore, 3% sucrose was suitable for the 'Atlantic', 'Shepody' and 'Favorita' to propagate basic seedling, while the 4% sucrose could be used as the strengthening shoot medium for three genotypes. In addition, 4% sucrose concentration could be used as the propagation and ground culture medium for 'Kexin No.1'. 10% sucrose concentration could prolong the preservation time of four genotypes of virus-free potato plantlets to one year, and the survival rate could reach more than 90%. Long-term preservation had no effect on the subculture growth of the plantlets. This study systematically studied the effects of sucrose on the growth and long-term preservation of potato test-tube seedlings,which not only helped to reduce the production cost of potato test-tube seedlings, but also avoided the shortcomings of traditional preservation methods, such as time-consuming, labor-consuming, easy loss of germplasm resources and so on, and reduced the result of preservation of potato germplasm with plant growth inhibitors, low survival rate, high mutation rate, and unsafe factors.
引文
Ai X.,Xia Z.L.,Liu M.Y.,He C.Z.,Song Y.,and Xiong X.Y.,2005,Effects of Plant retardant on the growth and preservation of virus-free potato plantlets,Hunan Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)),31(5):514-517(艾辛,夏志兰,刘明月,何长征,宋勇,熊兴耀,2005,植物生长调节剂对马铃薯试管苗生长和保存的影响,湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),31(5):514-517)
Cai R.X.,Wu Z.G.,Zhou J.X.,and Liu Z.P.,2016,Popularization of potato as staple food in china:a case study of Zhejiang province,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(2):467-471(蔡仁祥,吴早贵,周建祥,刘振鹏,2016,中国马铃薯主食化---浙江省的发展对策,基因组学与应用生物学,35(2):467-471)
Li J.,2011,Effects of three osmotic regulators on growth and conservation of potato plantlets in vitro,Henan Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Henan Agricultural University),45(3):283-286(李静,2011,3种渗透调节物质对马铃薯试管苗生长和保存的影响,河南农业大学学报,45(3):283-286)
Liu Y.C.,2009,Studys on in vitro preservation of potato germplasm,Thesis for M.S.,Inner Mongolia Agricultural U-niversity,Supervisor:Shi L.,pp.25(刘迎春,2009,马铃薯种质资源离体保存的研究,硕士学位论文,内蒙古农业大学,导师:石岭,pp.25)
Pruski K.,Astatkie T.,Mirza M.,and Nowak J.,2002,Photoautotrophic micropropagation of russet burbank potato,Plant Cell Tiss.Org.Cul.,69(2):197-200
Qi E.F.,Wang Y.H.,Li G.F.,Jia X.X.,and Wen G.H.,2011,Effect of osmotic pressure on conservation in vitro in potato germplasm,Changjiang Shucai(Journal of Changjiang Vegetable),(14):20-23(齐恩芳,王一航,李高峰,贾小霞,文国宏,2011,渗透压对马铃薯种质试管保存的影响效应,中国蔬菜,(14):20-23)
Yue X.L.,Zhan R.S.,Shuai Y.Y.,and Chen Y.,2012,In vitro Preservation of potato germplasm,Zhongguo Malinshu(Chinese Potato Journal),26(5):257-259(岳新丽,湛润生,帅媛媛,陈云,2012,马铃薯种质离体保存技术,中国马铃薯,26(5):257-259)
Zhao J.P.,Jiang X.M.,Bai X.F.,Liu X.L.,and Wu Y.Y.,2003,Effects of PP333,B9 and CCC on in vitro propagation of virus-free potato,Zhiwu Shenglixue Tongxun(Plant Physiology Communication),39(6):571-574(赵建萍,蒋小满,柏新富,刘小莉,武玉永,2003,PP333、B9和CCC对脱毒马铃薯试管苗繁殖的影响,植物生理学通讯,39(6):571-574)
Cai R.X.,Wu Z.G.,Zhou J.X.,and Liu Z.P.,2016,Popularization of potato as staple food in china:a case study of Zhejiang province,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(2):467-471(蔡仁祥,吴早贵,周建祥,刘振鹏,2016,中国马铃薯主食化---浙江省的发展对策,基因组学与应用生物学,35(2):467-471)
Li J.,2011,Effects of three osmotic regulators on growth and conservation of potato plantlets in vitro,Henan Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Henan Agricultural University),45(3):283-286(李静,2011,3种渗透调节物质对马铃薯试管苗生长和保存的影响,河南农业大学学报,45(3):283-286)
Liu Y.C.,2009,Studys on in vitro preservation of potato germplasm,Thesis for M.S.,Inner Mongolia Agricultural U-niversity,Supervisor:Shi L.,pp.25(刘迎春,2009,马铃薯种质资源离体保存的研究,硕士学位论文,内蒙古农业大学,导师:石岭,pp.25)
Pruski K.,Astatkie T.,Mirza M.,and Nowak J.,2002,Photoautotrophic micropropagation of russet burbank potato,Plant Cell Tiss.Org.Cul.,69(2):197-200
Qi E.F.,Wang Y.H.,Li G.F.,Jia X.X.,and Wen G.H.,2011,Effect of osmotic pressure on conservation in vitro in potato germplasm,Changjiang Shucai(Journal of Changjiang Vegetable),(14):20-23(齐恩芳,王一航,李高峰,贾小霞,文国宏,2011,渗透压对马铃薯种质试管保存的影响效应,中国蔬菜,(14):20-23)
Yue X.L.,Zhan R.S.,Shuai Y.Y.,and Chen Y.,2012,In vitro Preservation of potato germplasm,Zhongguo Malinshu(Chinese Potato Journal),26(5):257-259(岳新丽,湛润生,帅媛媛,陈云,2012,马铃薯种质离体保存技术,中国马铃薯,26(5):257-259)
Zhao J.P.,Jiang X.M.,Bai X.F.,Liu X.L.,and Wu Y.Y.,2003,Effects of PP333,B9 and CCC on in vitro propagation of virus-free potato,Zhiwu Shenglixue Tongxun(Plant Physiology Communication),39(6):571-574(赵建萍,蒋小满,柏新富,刘小莉,武玉永,2003,PP333、B9和CCC对脱毒马铃薯试管苗繁殖的影响,植物生理学通讯,39(6):571-574)