倾斜煤层断顶卸压模型试验研究
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摘要
为研究倾斜煤层断顶卸压位置对煤岩体稳定性的影响,以双鸭山某矿的回采工作面为试验原型,开展地质力学模型试验。采用相似材料和模型架,模拟工作面回采区域的地质构造及煤层赋存的应力状态,通过数字图像相关方法(DICM)实时测试模型断顶前后煤柱、煤体和顶板区域的变形场。结果表明:在巷道紧邻煤柱上部实施断顶,巷道及煤柱内侧出现明显变形集中区域,上覆岩体下沉,煤柱内侧受拉伸;在相邻采空区紧邻煤柱实施断顶,粗砂岩和细砂岩沿岩层界面发生界面滑动,但位移量较小;在煤柱外边缘以里3 m处实施断顶,采空区一侧煤体受上覆顶板压力作用发生塑性变形,煤柱体外侧塑性区产生水平位移,顶板下沉对巷道变形影响较小。煤柱外边缘以里3 m是最合理的断顶卸压位置。
In order to study the effect of the roof cutting position on pressure unloading and the stability of inclined coal seam,geomechanical modeling tests were carried out according to the conditions existing in the working face of Shuangyashan coal mine. Analog materials and model frames were used to simulate the geological structure and the in-situ stress of coal seam. The deformation fields of the coal pillar,coal body and roof before and after the roof cutting were measured in real time by using the digital image correlation method. The experimental study shows that when the roof cutting is carried out at the coal pillar adjacent to the roadway,deformation is concentrated in the roadway and the coal pillar,the overlying strata sank,the tension deformation occurrs in the coal pillar,that when the roof cutting is carried out at the coal pillar adjacent to the goaf,the coarse sandstone and the fine sandstone slid relatively along the boundary interface,but the sliding displacement is small,that when the roof cutting is carried out at a position having a distance of 3 meters to the outer edge of the coal pillar,the coal body on the side of the goaf is plastically deformed,the lateral plastic zone of the coal pillar will have a horizontal displacement,and the roof subsidence will have a little effect on the deformation of the coal pillar,and that the position having a distance of 3 meters to the outer edge of the coal pillar is the best roof cutting position.
In order to study the effect of the roof cutting position on pressure unloading and the stability of inclined coal seam,geomechanical modeling tests were carried out according to the conditions existing in the working face of Shuangyashan coal mine. Analog materials and model frames were used to simulate the geological structure and the in-situ stress of coal seam. The deformation fields of the coal pillar,coal body and roof before and after the roof cutting were measured in real time by using the digital image correlation method. The experimental study shows that when the roof cutting is carried out at the coal pillar adjacent to the roadway,deformation is concentrated in the roadway and the coal pillar,the overlying strata sank,the tension deformation occurrs in the coal pillar,that when the roof cutting is carried out at the coal pillar adjacent to the goaf,the coarse sandstone and the fine sandstone slid relatively along the boundary interface,but the sliding displacement is small,that when the roof cutting is carried out at a position having a distance of 3 meters to the outer edge of the coal pillar,the coal body on the side of the goaf is plastically deformed,the lateral plastic zone of the coal pillar will have a horizontal displacement,and the roof subsidence will have a little effect on the deformation of the coal pillar,and that the position having a distance of 3 meters to the outer edge of the coal pillar is the best roof cutting position.
引文
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[15]宋义敏,马少鹏,杨小彬,等.岩石变形破坏的数字散斑相关方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):170-175.SONG Yimin,MA Shaopeng,YANG Xiaobin,et al. Experimental investigation on failure of rock by digital speckle correlation methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):170-175.
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[2]李贤功,葛家家,胡婷,等.煤矿顶板事故致因分析的贝叶斯网络研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(7):10-14.LI Xiangong,GE Jiajia,HU Ting,et al. Bayesian network modeling for causation analysis of coal mine roof accident[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(7):10-14.
[3]潘一山.煤与瓦斯突出、冲击地压复合动力灾害一体化研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(1):105-112.PAN Yishan. Integrated study on compound dynamic disaster of coal-gas outburst and rock burst[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(1):105-112.
[4]陈峰,潘一山,钟勇.采动影响下覆岩应力变化规律的数值模拟分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2014,25(3):74-78.CHEN Feng,PAN Yishan,ZHONG Yong,et al. Numerical simulation and analysis of the law of the stress variation of the over-lying rock under the influence of mining[J]. Journal of China Geological Hazards and Prevention,2014,25(3):74-78.
[5]鞠文君.急倾斜特厚煤层水平分层开采巷道冲击地压成因与防治技术研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.JU Wenjun. Study on reasons of rock burst in roadway and prevention technology of steeply-inelined and extremely think coal seam with horizontally slieing way[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2009.
[6]赵娜,王来贵.坚硬顶板初次垮落中的能量转化及释放研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(2):38-43.ZHAO Na,WANG Laigui. Study on energy conversion and releasing during initial collapse of hard roof[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(2):38-43.
[7]何峰,王来贵,于永江.采空区悬顶岩梁模型及其流变分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(4):84-85,88.HE Feng,WANG Laigui,YU Yongjiang. Rheological analysis and model of the suspended roof in mined out area[J].Mine Pressure and Roof Management,2005,22(4):84-85,88.
[8]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:55-60.
[9]王海洋,于斌,夏彬伟,等.复合坚硬顶板水压裂缝扩展过程研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(4):98-103.WANG Haiyang,YU Bin,XIA Binwei,et al. Study on propagation of hydraulic fracture in combined hard roof[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(4):98-103.
[10]齐庆新,雷毅,李宏艳,等.深孔断顶爆破防治冲击地压的理论与实践[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3 522-3 527.QI Qingxin,LEI Yi,LI Hongyan,et al. Theory and application of prevention of rock burst by break-tip blast in deep hole[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):3 522-3 527.
[11]潘一山,李忠华,章梦涛.我国冲击地压分布、类型、机理及防治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 844-1 851.PAN Yishan,LI Zhonghua,ZHANG Mengtao. Distribution,type,mechanism and prevention of rockburst in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 844-1 851.
[12]齐庆新,王永秀,毛德兵.非坚硬顶板条件下高强度开采采动诱发冲击地压机制初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):5 002-5 006.QI Qingxin,WANG Yongxiu,MAO Debing. Study on mechanism of rock burst induced by high strength mining with condition of non-hard roof[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):5 002-5 006.
[13]齐庆新,毛德兵,王永秀,等.矿山地质动力灾害的发生机制与控制途径分析[J].地质与勘探,2003,39(增1):94-97.QI Qingxin,MAO Debing,WANG Yongxiu,et al. Study on the mechanism and control approaches of mining geodynamic calam-ities[J]. Geology and Prospecting,2003,39(S1):94-97.
[14]齐庆新,陈尚本,王怀新,等.冲击地压、岩爆、矿震的关系及其数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 852-1 858.QI Qingxin,CHEN Shangben,WANG Huaixin,et al. Study on the relations among coal bump,rock burst and mining tremor with numerical simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2003, 22(11):1 852-1 858.
[15]宋义敏,马少鹏,杨小彬,等.岩石变形破坏的数字散斑相关方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):170-175.SONG Yimin,MA Shaopeng,YANG Xiaobin,et al. Experimental investigation on failure of rock by digital speckle correlation methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):170-175.
[16]代树红,马胜利,潘一山,等.数字散斑相关方法测定岩石Ⅰ型应力强度因子[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(12):2 501-2 507.DAI Shuhong,MA Shengli,PAN Yishan,et al. Evaluation of mode I stress intensity factor of rock utilizing digital speckle correlation method[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(12):2 501-2 507.