漂浮软管的弯曲和动态特性分析
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摘要
国内对海上漂浮软管的理论研究较少,软管的设计生产和维护缺乏理论依据。为此,对漂浮软管的弯曲和动态特性进行了分析。建立了漂浮软管的有限元模型。在进行弯曲特性分析时,通过施加适当弯矩,记录软管上点的位置变化,求解得到软管各管段的挠度大小,进而求得软管弯曲刚度和等效弹性模量。在进行软管动态分析时,将软管简化为一根梁,利用等效方法求得简化后软管的等效材料参数。基于软管工况时的漂浮状态,对Morison方程进行改进,推导出软管受到的波浪载荷。通过瞬态分析得到软管各部位受到载荷大小随时间的变化情况。分析结果表明,多个周期的波浪载荷相互叠加影响,使得漂浮软管中间处的变形量和两端处的弯矩随时间的变化关系呈现复杂的形状,因此软管两端处要做加强处理,中间位置处材料要具有相对较高的抗拉伸和弯曲特性。研究结果对漂浮软管的设计生产具有重要的参考作用。
Few efforts have been put on the theoretical studies on floating hoses at sea in China,resulting in little theoretical basis for the design,manufacturing and maintenance of hose. To address the problem,the bending and dynamic behavior of floating hose are analyzed in depth. A finite element model of the floating hose was first established. When performing the bending behavior analysis,the position change of the point on the hose is recorded by applying an appropriate bending moment. The deflection of each section of the hose is then obtained,thereby attaining the bending rigidity and the equivalent elastic modulus of the hose. In the dynamic analysis of the hose,the hose is simplified to a beam to obtain the equivalent material parameters by an equivalent method. The Morison equation is then modified based on the floating state of the hose working condition to derive the wave load on the hose. Through the transient analysis,the loads of each part of the hose versus time are obtained. The analysis shows that,with the wave loads of multiple cycles are superimposed on each other,the deformation in the middle of the floating hose and the bending moment at the two ends have a complicated shape with time. Therefore,enhancement processing should be done at the two ends of the hose. The material at the intermediate position should have a relatively high tensile and bending capacity. The study results have an important reference for the design and manufacturing of floating hose.
Few efforts have been put on the theoretical studies on floating hoses at sea in China,resulting in little theoretical basis for the design,manufacturing and maintenance of hose. To address the problem,the bending and dynamic behavior of floating hose are analyzed in depth. A finite element model of the floating hose was first established. When performing the bending behavior analysis,the position change of the point on the hose is recorded by applying an appropriate bending moment. The deflection of each section of the hose is then obtained,thereby attaining the bending rigidity and the equivalent elastic modulus of the hose. In the dynamic analysis of the hose,the hose is simplified to a beam to obtain the equivalent material parameters by an equivalent method. The Morison equation is then modified based on the floating state of the hose working condition to derive the wave load on the hose. Through the transient analysis,the loads of each part of the hose versus time are obtained. The analysis shows that,with the wave loads of multiple cycles are superimposed on each other,the deformation in the middle of the floating hose and the bending moment at the two ends have a complicated shape with time. Therefore,enhancement processing should be done at the two ends of the hose. The material at the intermediate position should have a relatively high tensile and bending capacity. The study results have an important reference for the design and manufacturing of floating hose.
引文
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[18]王树青.海洋工程波浪力学[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2013.WANG S Q. Marine engineering wave mechanics[M]. Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2013.
[2] BAHTUI A,BAHAI H. Numerical andanalytical model-ing of unbonded flexible risers[J]. Journal of OffshoreMechanics and Arctic Engineering,2009,131(2):1-13.
[3] API. Specification for bonded flexible pipe:API 17K[M]. Washington:API Publishing Services,2005.
[4] API. Specification for unbonded flexible pipe:APISPEC 17J[M]. Washington:API Publishing Services,2008.
[5]卢玉斌.钢丝缠绕增强塑料复合管力学性能研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.LU Y B. Study on the mechanical properties of rein-forced plastic pipe by wire winding[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2006.
[6]殷咏胜,陈伟山.基于ANSYS Workbench大口径复合橡胶软管有限元分析[J].特种橡胶制品,2016,37(3):66-70.YIN Y S,CHEN W S. Finite element analysis of largediameter composite rubber hose based on ANSYS Work-bench[J]. Special Purpose Rubber Products,2016,37(3):66-70.
[7]张彩莹.漂浮输油挠性管力学性能研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012.ZHANG C Y. Research on mechanical property of float-ing hose for oil transporting[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin Uni-versity,2012.
[8]徐慧,张彩莹,罗延生,等.海上漂浮输油软管拉伸与弯曲力学特性[J].油气储运,2012,31(4):279-282.XU H,ZHANG C Y,LUO Y S,et al. Tensile andbending mechanical properties of floating oil hose[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2012,31(4):279-282.
[9]林秀锋.钢丝缠绕增强塑料复合管强度分析与优化设计[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.LIN X F. The strength analysis and optimization of theplastic composite pipe by wire winding[D]. Hang-zhou:Zhejiang University,2006.
[10]谷凡.海底输油软管力学响应研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.GU F. Study on mechanical response of submarine oilhose[D]. Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009.
[11]李现玲.帘线拔出过程的试验及有限元分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.LI X L. Experiment and finite element analysis of cordpulling-out process[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute ofTechnology,2010.
[12]王猛,张捷.悬链系泊系统中的粘接软管[J].海洋工程装备与技术,2015,2(1):40-44.WANG M,ZHANG J. Bonded hose in CALM system[J]. Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology,2015,2(1):40-44.
[13]徐业峻.海上外输漂浮软管的结构角度设计研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(2):170-173.XU Y J. Research on structure angle design of offshoredischarge floating hose[J]. Journal of Southwest Pe-troleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2013,35(2):170-173.
[14]袁春元.车用空气弹簧设计理论和现代设计方法研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2007.YUAN C Y. Research on the design theory and moderndesign method of air-spring for vehicle[D]. Zhen-jiang:Jiangsu University,2007.
[15]沈观林.复合材料力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.SHEN G L. Compound material mechanics[M]. Bei-jing:Tsinghua University Press,2006.
[16]宋玉泉,管志平,聂毓琴,等.圆管的弯曲刚度和强度分析[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学,2006(11):1263-1272.SONG Y Q,GUAN Z P,LIE Y Q,et al. Bendingstiffness and strength analysis of circular tube[J].Science in China(Series E:Information Sciences),2006(11):1263-1272.
[17]陈畅,张世富,张起欣,等.基于改进Morison公式的海上漂浮软管波浪载荷计算[J].后勤工程学院学报,2015,31(2):40-43.CHEN C,ZHANG S F,ZHANG Q X,et al. Waveload computation of offshore floating hose based on im-proved Morison equation[J]. Journal of Logistical En-gnieering University,2015,31(2):40-43.
[18]王树青.海洋工程波浪力学[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2013.WANG S Q. Marine engineering wave mechanics[M]. Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2013.