铝合金与钢的电阻凸塞焊
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摘要
采用电阻凸塞焊新方法对A6061铝合金和Q235低碳钢进行焊接,观测了接头微观形貌并检测了接头特征区域的化学成分,对接头的力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:在电阻凸塞焊中,以钢/钢同种材料界面取代铝/钢异种材料界面实现了接头的可靠连接,避免了在焊接接头产生较多脆性的金属间化合物。与普通点焊的接头相比,电阻凸塞焊接头的力学性能有明显的提升;工艺孔直径为10.0 mm时,接头最大抗剪力达到6.28 kN,接头断裂属于塑性断裂。对于铝合金/钢异种材料的连接,电阻凸塞焊是一种有效的工艺方法。
A new resistance projection-plug welding method was used to weld A6061 aluminum alloy and Q235 low carbon steel. Microstructure of the joints and the chemical composition in the characteristic region of the joints were analyzed, and the mechanical properties of the joints were tested. The results show that during the resistance projection-plug welding, the interface of steel/steel is used to replace the interface of aluminum/steel dissimilar material to realize the reliable connection of the joints, and more brittle intermetallic compounds are avoided in the welded joints. Compared with common resistance spot welding joints, the mechanical properties of resistance projection-plug welded joints are obviously improved. When the processing hole of aluminum alloy specimen is 10.0 mm, the maximum shear load of the joints is 6.28 kN, and its fracture mode is plastic fracture. The results show that the resistance projection-plug welding is an effective process for the joining between aluminum alloy and steel.
A new resistance projection-plug welding method was used to weld A6061 aluminum alloy and Q235 low carbon steel. Microstructure of the joints and the chemical composition in the characteristic region of the joints were analyzed, and the mechanical properties of the joints were tested. The results show that during the resistance projection-plug welding, the interface of steel/steel is used to replace the interface of aluminum/steel dissimilar material to realize the reliable connection of the joints, and more brittle intermetallic compounds are avoided in the welded joints. Compared with common resistance spot welding joints, the mechanical properties of resistance projection-plug welded joints are obviously improved. When the processing hole of aluminum alloy specimen is 10.0 mm, the maximum shear load of the joints is 6.28 kN, and its fracture mode is plastic fracture. The results show that the resistance projection-plug welding is an effective process for the joining between aluminum alloy and steel.
引文
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[2] 韩银娜,张小军,李龙,等.铝合金/不锈钢层状复合材料界面化合物生长行为[J].材料热处理学报,2018,39(3):1-7.HAN Yin-na,ZHANG Xiao-jun,LI Long,et al.Growth behavior of intermetallic compounds of aluminum alloy/stainless steel composite[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2018,39(3):1-7.
[3] 石红信,陈艳平,邱然锋,等.铝合金与钢的异种材料点连接研究现状[J].电焊机,2014,44(8):131-135.SHI Hong-xin,CHEN Yan-ping,QIU Ran-feng,et al.Research status of spot joining between steel and aluminum alloy[J].Electric Welding Machine,2014,44(8):131-135.
[4] 张伟华,孙大千,李志东,等.电极板辅助点焊钢/铝异质接头的组织与性能[J].焊接学报,2011,32(9):85-88.ZHANG Wei-hua,SUN Da-qian,LI Zhi-dong,et al.Microstructure and mechanical property of dissimilar material resistance spot welded joint of steel[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2011,32(9):85-88.
[5] 张柯柯,杜宜乐,邱然锋,等.A6061铝合金与Q235钢电阻点焊接头组织与性能[J].材料热处理学报,2012,33(12):64-67.ZHANG Ke-ke,DU Yi-le,QIU Rang-feng,et al.Microstructure and properties of A6061 aluminum alloy/Q235 steel joint welded by resistance spot welding[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2012,33(12):64-67.
[6] 王楠楠,邱然锋,石红信,等.铝合金与低碳钢的夹层电阻点焊接头特性[J].材料热处理学报,2015,36(1):70-74.WANG Nan-nan,QIU Ran-feng,SHI Hong-xin,et al.Charaterization of resistance spot welded joint between aluminum alloy and mild steel with an interlayer[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2015,36(1):70-74.
[7] 张月莹,孙大千,李红梅,等.Cu对铝/钢异种金属电阻点焊接头组织及性能的影响[J].长春工业大学学报,2017,38(1):8-13.ZHANG Yue-ying,SUN Da-qian,LI Hong-mei,et al.Effects of Cu on microstructures and properties of resistance spot welded joints of aluminium and steel[J].Journal of Changchun University of Technology,2017,38(1):8-13.
[8] Keisuke U,Tomo O,Shumpei N,et al.Effects of Zn-based alloys coating on mechanical properties and interfacial microstructures of steel/aluminum alloy dissimilar metals joints using resistance spot welding[J].Materials Transactions,2011,52(5):967-973.
[9] Ibrahim I,Ito R,Kakiuchi T,et al.Fatigue behaviour of Al/steel dissimilar resistance spot welds fabricated using Al-Mg interlayer[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2016,21(3):223-233.
[10] 凌展翔,罗震,冯悦峤,等.铝钢点焊铆接复合连接技术[J].焊接学报,2017,38(2):101-104.LING Zhan-xiang,LUO Zhen,FENG Yue-qiao,et al.A combination joining technology of spot welding and riveting for aluminum and steel[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2017,38(2):101-104.
[11] Ling Z X,Li Y,Luo Z,et al.Microstructure and fatigue behavior of resistance element welded dissimilar joints of DP780 dual-phase steel to 6061-T6 aluminum alloy[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2017,92(5/8):1923-1931.
[12] 凌展翔,罗震,冯悦峤,等.硼钢与铝合金的新型电阻单元焊技术[J].焊接学报,2016,37(7):109-113.LING Zhan-xiang,LUO Zhen,FENG Yue-qiao,et al.New resistance element welding technology for boron steel and aluminum alloy[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2016,37(7):109-113.
[13] Lou M,Li Y B,Wang Y,et al.Influence of resistance heating on self-piercing riveted dissimilar joints of AA6061-T6 and galvanized DP590[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2014,214:2119-2126.
[14] 赵熹华,姜以宏.薄件点焊熔核凝固组织分析[J].焊接学报,1994(2):89-93.ZHAO Xi-hua,JIANG Yi-hong.Analysis of solidified or organism in thin piece spot welding nugget[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,1994(2):89-93.
[15] 梁基谢夫.金属二元系相图手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.