基于负刚度理论的新型减震器试验
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摘要
在参考现有理论与有限元分析的基础上,以加速度响应、加速度均方差和减振率3个评价指标来研究基于负刚度理论的新型被动减震器的减震效果,论证了该装置的适用性。按照试验要求制作了单榀三层钢框架和减震器模型,并对框架模型进行了配重以模拟实际情况,分别选用El Centro波、Taft波、人工波和设计反应谱生成的波作为地震荷载。对安装该减震器的单榀三层钢框架进行振动台试验。结果表明:在不同地震波的作用下减震器均发挥作用,不同测点处的加速度响应、加速度均方差和减振率3个指标均低于无控结构,减震器具有比较好的减震效果;不同水准地震动激励下,模型结构顶层、二层及一层最大加速度响应的减振率分别达到45.01%,26.32%,13.57%,其最大加速度均方根响应的减振率则分别达到53.01%,31.83%,19.59%,安装负刚度减振装置的钢框架模型结构的加速度响应得到了有效控制。
Based on the existing theory and finite element analysis,the vibration reduction effect of the new type of passive vibration isolator based on negative stiffness theory was studied by acceleration response,acceleration mean square deviation and vibration reduction rate,and the applicability of the device was demonstrated.According to the test requirements,a single threestory steel frame and a passive vibration isolator model were made,and the weight of the frame model was balanced to simulate the actual situation.El Centro wave,Taft wave,artificial wave and the wave generated by the design response spectrum were selected as seismic loads.The shaking table test on the single three-story steel frame installed with passive vibration isolator was carried.The results show that under the excitation of different seismic waves,the passive vibration isolator can control the response of structure.Acceleration response,acceleration mean square deviation and vibration reduction rates at different measuring points are lower than those of uncontrolled structure.Under different levels of seismic excitation,the vibration reduction rates of the maximum acceleration responses of the top,second and first floors of the model structure are 45.01%,26.32% and 13.57% respectively,while the vibration reduction rates of the maximum root mean square acceleration responses of the model structure are 53.01%,31.83% and 19.59% respectively.The acceleration response of the steel frame model with negative stiffness passive vibration isolator is effectively controlled.
Based on the existing theory and finite element analysis,the vibration reduction effect of the new type of passive vibration isolator based on negative stiffness theory was studied by acceleration response,acceleration mean square deviation and vibration reduction rate,and the applicability of the device was demonstrated.According to the test requirements,a single threestory steel frame and a passive vibration isolator model were made,and the weight of the frame model was balanced to simulate the actual situation.El Centro wave,Taft wave,artificial wave and the wave generated by the design response spectrum were selected as seismic loads.The shaking table test on the single three-story steel frame installed with passive vibration isolator was carried.The results show that under the excitation of different seismic waves,the passive vibration isolator can control the response of structure.Acceleration response,acceleration mean square deviation and vibration reduction rates at different measuring points are lower than those of uncontrolled structure.Under different levels of seismic excitation,the vibration reduction rates of the maximum acceleration responses of the top,second and first floors of the model structure are 45.01%,26.32% and 13.57% respectively,while the vibration reduction rates of the maximum root mean square acceleration responses of the model structure are 53.01%,31.83% and 19.59% respectively.The acceleration response of the steel frame model with negative stiffness passive vibration isolator is effectively controlled.
引文
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[2]尚守平,曹勇,崔向龙.新型三维隔震礅振动台试验与数值分析[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2018,35(2):30-37.SHANG Shou-ping,CAO Yong,CUI Xiang-long.New Three-dimension Isolation Pier Vertical Vibration Table Test and Numerical Analysis[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2018,35(2):30-37.
[3]张建卓,李旦,董申,等.精密仪器用超低频非线性并联隔振系统研究[J].中国机械工程,2004,15(1):69-71.ZHANG Jian-zhuo,LI Dan,DONG Shen,et al.Study on Ultra-low Frequency Parallel Connection Isolator Used for Precision Instruments[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2004,15(1):69-71.
[4]殷华林.负刚度被动隔振器的动力学特性研究[D].南京:河海大学,2008.YIN Hua-lin.Dynamic Characteristics of Passive Stiffness Isolator with Negative Stiffness[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2008.
[5]纪晗,熊世树,袁涌,等.基于负刚度原理的结构减震效果理论分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(3):91-94.JI Han,XIONG Shi-shu,YUAN Yong,et al.Influence Analysis of the Structural Damping Seismic Reduction Based on Negative Stiffness Principle[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(3):91-94.
[6]李满红,李华,张磊.基于负刚度弹簧的半主动隔振器研究[J].军事交通学院学报,2011,13(5):58-59,87.LI Man-hong,LI Hua,ZHANG Lei.Research on a Semi-active Isolator with Depressive Spring[J].Journal of Military Transportation University,2011,13(5):58-59,87.
[7]张辉,张倩琳,谢汇,等.基于负刚度原理隔振机构的建模与仿真[J].现代科学仪器,2013(3):76-78.ZHANG Hui,ZHANG Qian-lin,XIE Hui,et al.Modeling and Simulation of Vibration Isolation Mechanism Based on the Negative Stiffness Principle[J].Modern Scientific Instruments,2013(3):76-78.
[8]董光旭,罗亚军,严博,等.基于正负刚度并联的低频隔振器研究[J].航空学报,2016,37(7):2189-2199.DONG Guang-xu,LUO Ya-jun,YAN Bo,et al.Study on a Low Frequency Vibration Isolator Based on Combined Positive and Negative Stiffness[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(7):2189-2199.
[9]王冲.负刚度装置在连续梁桥上的减隔震分析研究[D].西安:长安大学,2016.WANG Chong.Study on Isolated Seismic of Negative Stiffness Device in Continuous Girder Bridge[D].Xian:Changan University,2016.
[10]孙彤,李宏男,赖志路,等.采用轨道式负刚度装置的结构减震控制研究[J].振动工程学报,2017,30(3):449-456.SUN Tong,LI Hong-nan,LAI Zhi-lu,et al.Study on Structural Vibration Control Using Curve-based Negative Stiffness Device[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2017,30(3):449-456.
[11]NAGARAJAIAH S,PASALA D T R,REINHOMA,et al.Adaptive Negative Stiffness:A New Structural Modification Approach for Seismic Protection[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,639-640:54-66.
[12]PASALA D T R,SARLIS A A,NAGARAJAIAH S,et al.A New Structural Modification Approach for Seismic Protection Using Adaptive Negative Stiffness Device[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2013,139(7):1112-1123.
[13]SARLIS A A,PASALA D T R,CONSTANTINOUM C,et al.Negative Stiffness Device for Seismic Protection of Structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2013,139(7):1124-1133.
[14]PASALA D T R,SARLIS A A,REINHORN A M,et al.Apparent Weakening in SDOF Yielding Structures Using a Negative Stiffness Device:Experimental and Analytical Study[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2015,141(4):04014130.
[15]PASALA D T R,SARLIS A A,REINHORN A M,et al.Simulated Bilinear-elastic Behavior in a SDOFElastic Structure Using Negative Stiffness Device:Experimental and Analytical Study[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2014,140(2):04013049.
[16]谷文科.抗震概念设计在建筑结构设计中的应用[J].建筑技术开发,2018,45(12):27-28.GU Wen-ke.Application of Aseismic Conceptual Design in Architectural Structure Design[J].Building Technology Development,2018,45(12):27-28.
[17]杨大彬,云超光,吴金志,等.基于下部支承分离式设计的大跨度网壳结构抗震性能研究[J].振动与冲击,2018,37(3):237-242.YANG Da-bin,YUN Chao-guang,WU Jin-zhi,et al.Aseismic Performance of Large Span Latticed Domes with Separated Substructures[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2018,37(3):237-242.
[18]刘银芳,金维武,尤国英.核电站用背压调节阀的抗震分析[J].机械制造,2018,56(2):25-29.LIU Yin-fang,JIN Wei-wu,YOU Guo-ying.Aseismic Analysis of Back Pressure Regulating Valve for Nuclear Power Station[J].Machinery,2018,56(2):25-29.
[19]杨增科,黄炜,张敏.基于不同保温形式装配式复合墙抗震性能试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2018,50(1):51-56.YANG Zeng-ke,HUANG Wei,ZHANG Min.Experimental Study on Aseismic Performance of Assembly Type Composite Wall Based on Different Heat Preservation Forms[J].Journal of Xian University of Architecture&Technology:Natural Science Edition,2018,50(1):51-56.
[20]ZHANG W X,CHEN B,XIAO L J,et al.Multifactor Influence Analysis of Seismic Performance of RCFrame Structure with Cast-in-site Slabs[J].Engineering Procedia Engineering,2017,210:360-368.